Testing a model of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and psychosis in a first-episode psychosis group: The role of hallucinations and delusions, posttraumatic intrusions, and selective attention

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 201, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 941-947

  Bendall, Sarah ^a   Hulbert, Carol Anne ^b   Alvarez Jimenez, Mario ^a   Allott, Kelly ^a   Mcgorry, Patrick D ^a   Jackson, Henry James ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Childhood trauma; First episode psychosis; Hallucinations; Intrusions; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Selective attention

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CHILDHOOD INJURY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DELUSION; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; IMPACT OF EVENTS SCALE; MALE; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; POSTTRAUMATIC INTRUSION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; PSYCHOSIS; REACTION TIME; SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER; SELECTIVE ATTENTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; CHILD ABUSE, SEXUAL; DELUSIONS; FEMALE; HALLUCINATIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SELF REPORT; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84887809245     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: 1539736X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000033     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnosis and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
2. Bebbington PE, Bhugra D, Bhugra T, Singleton N, Farrell M, Jenkins R, Lewis G, Meltzer H (2004) Psychosis, victimisation and childhood disadVantage: Evidence from the second British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. Br J Psychiatry. 185:220-226
3. Beck JG, Grant DM, Read JP, Clapp JD, Coffet SF, Miller LM, Palyo SA (2008) The Impact of Event Scale-Revised: Psychometric properties in a sample of motor vehicle accident survivors. J Anxiety Disord. 22:187-198
4. Bendall S, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Hulbert CA, McGorry PD, Jackson HJ (2012) Childhood trauma increases the risk of post-Traumatic stress disorder in response to first episode psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 46:35-39
5. Bendall S, Jackson HJ, Hulbert CA (2011) What self-generated speech is externally misattributed in psychosis? Testing three cognitive models in a first-episode sample. Schizophr Res. 129:36-41
6. Bendall S, Jackson HJ, Hulbert CA, McGorry PD (2008) Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: A systematic, critical review of the evidence. Schizophr Bull. 34:568-578
7. Bentall R (2003) Madness explained. London: Allen Lane
8. Bentall RP, Fernyhough C (2008) Social predictors of psychotic experiences: Specificity and psychological mechanisms. Schizophr Bull. 34:1012-1020
9. Bentall RP, Wickham S, Shevlin M, Varese F (2012) Do specific early-life adversities lead to specific symtpoms in psychosis? A study from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Schizophr Bull. 38:734-740
10. Bernstein DP, Ahluvalia T, Pogge D, Handelsman L (1997) Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 36:340-348
11. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W (2003) Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl. 27:169-190
12. Brewin CR (2001) Post traumatic stress disorder: Malady or myth? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
13. Butler RW, Mueser KT, Sprock J, Braff DL (1996) Positive symptoms of psychosis in post-Traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 39:839-844
14. Cassiday KL, McNally RJ, Zeitlin SB (1992) Cognitive processing of trauma cues in rape victims with post-Traumatic stress disorder. Cognit Ther Res. 16:283-295
15. Creamer M, Bell R, Failla S (2003) Psychometric properties of the Impact of Events ScaleYRevised. Behav Res Ther. 41:1489-1496
16. Cutajar MC, Mullen PE, Ogloff JRP, Thomas SD, Wells DL, Spataro J (2010) Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in a cohort of sexually abused children. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 67:1114-1119
17. David D, Kutcher GS, Jackson EI, Mellman TA (1999) Psychotic symptoms in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 60:29-32
18. Dubner AE, Motta RW (1999) Sexually and physically abused foster care children and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 67:367-373
19. Ehlers A, Clark DM (2000) A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 38:319-345
20. Field A (2005) Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed). London: Sage
21. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW (2001) Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis 1 disordersVResearch version, patient edition (SCID-I/P). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department
22. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW (2007) Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disordersVNon-patient edition (SCID-I/NP, 1/2007 revision). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department
23. Fisher HL, Craig TK, Fearon P, Morgan K, Dazzan P, Lappin J, Hutchinsons G, Doody GA, Jones PB, McGuffin P, Murray RM, Leff J, Morgan C (2011) Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients' retrospective reports of childhood abuse. Schizophr Bull. 37:546-553
24. Foa EB, Feske U, Murdock TB, Kozak MJ, McCarthy PR (1991) Processing of threat-related information in rape victims. J Abnorm Psychol. 100:156-162
25. Forster KI, Forster JC (2003) DMDX: AWindows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 35:116-124
26. Frueh BC, Grubaugh AL, Cusack KJ, Kimble MO, Elhai JD, Knapp RG (2009) Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral treatment of PTSD in adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: A pilot study. J Anxiety Disord. 23: 665-675
27. Gracie A, Freeman D, Green S, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Hardy A, Ray K, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Fowler D (2007) The association between traumatic experience, paranoia and hallucinations: A test of the predictions of psychological models. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 116:280-289
28. Hamner MB, Frueh BC, Ulmer HG, Arana GW (1999) Psychotic features and illness severity in combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 45:846-852
29. Janssen I, Krabbendam L, Bak M, Hanssen M, Vollebergh W, de Graaf R, Van Os J (2004) Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 109:38-45
30. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 13:261-276
31. Kilcommons AM, Morrison AP (2005) Relationships between trauma and psychosis: An exploration of cognitive and dissociative factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 112:351-359
32. Kim D, Kaspar V, Noh S, Nam JH (2006) Sexual and physical abuse among Korean female inpatients with schizophrenia. J Trauma Stress. 19:279-289
33. Klewchuk EM, McCusker CG, Mulholland C, Shannon C (2007) Cognitive biases for trauma stimuli in people with schizophrenia. Br J Clin Psychol. 46: 333-345
34. Larkin W, Morrison AP (2006) Relationships between trauma and psychosis: From theory to therapy. In LarkinW, Morrison AP (Eds), Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy (pp 259-282). Hove, England: Routledge
35. Lysaker PH, Beattie NL, Strasburger AM, Davis LW (2005) Reported history of child sexual abuse in schizophrenia: Associations with heightened symptom levels and poorer participation over four months in vocational rehabilitation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 193:790-795
36. Lysaker PH, Larocco VA (2008) The prevalence and correlates of trauma-related symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 49:330-334
37. Lysaker PH, Meyer PS, EVans JD, Clements CA, Marks KA (2001) Childhood sexual trauma and psychosocial functioning in adults with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 52:1485-1488
38. Lysaker PH, Nees MA, Lancaster RS, Davis LW (2004) Vocational function among persons with schizophrenia with and without history of childhood sexual trauma. J Trauma Stress. 17:435-438
39. McNally RJ (2003) Remembering trauma. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
40. McNally RJ, Clancy SA, Schacter DL, Pitman RK (2000) Cognitive processing of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse. J Abnorm Psychol. 109:355-359
41. Morrison AP (2003) A casebook of cognitive therapy for psychosis. Hove, UK: Brunner-Routledge
42. Morrison AP, Frame L, Larkin W (2003) Relationships between trauma and psychosis: A review and integration. Br J Clin Psychol. 42:331-353
43. Nelson HR (1982) The National Adult Reading Test: Test manual. Windsor: NFER
44. O'Carroll R, Walker M, Dunan J, Murray C, Blackwood D, Ebmeier KP, Goodwin GM (1992) Selecting controls for schizophrenia research studies: The use of the National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a measure of premorbid ability. Schizophr Res. 8:137-141
45. Perona-Garcelan S, Garcia-Montes JM, Cuevas-Yust C, Perez-Alvarez M, Ductor-Recuerda MJ, Salas-Azcona R, Gomez-Gomez MT (2010) A preliminary exploration of trauma, dissociation, and positive psychotic symptoms in a Spanish sample. J Trauma Dissociation. 11:284-292
46. Perona-Garcelan S, Garcia-Montes JM, Ductor-Recuerda MJ, Vallina-Fernandez O, Cuevas-Yust C, Perez-Alvarez M, Salas-Azcona R, Gomez-Gomez MT (2012) Relationship of metacognition, absorption, and depersonalization in patients with auditory hallucinations. Br J Clin Psychol. 51:100-118
47. Read J (2006) Breaking the silence: Learning why, when and how to ask about trauma, and how to respond to disclosures. In Morrison WLAP (Ed), Trauma and psychosis: New directions for therapy and therapy (pp 195-221). London: Routledge
48. Read J, Agar K, Argyle N, Aderhold V (2003) Sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adulthood as predictors of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. Psychol Psychother. 76:1-22
49. Read J, Hammersley P, Rudegeair T (2007) Why, when and how to ask about childhood abuse. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 13:101-110
50. Read J, Perry BD, Moskowitz A, Connolly J (2001) The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: A traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry. 64:319-345
51. Resnick SG, Bond GR, Mueser KT (2003) Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in people with schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 112:415-423
52. Ross CA, Anderson G, Clark P (1994) Childhood abuse and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 45:489-491
53. Sareen J, Cox BJ, Goodwin RD, Asmundson GJG (2005) Co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder with positive psychotic symptoms in a nationally representative sample. J Trauma Stress. 18:313-322
54. Schafer I, Harfst T, Aderhold V, Briken P, Lehman M, Moritz S, Read J, Naber D (2006) Childhood trauma and dissociation in female patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An exploratory study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 194: 135-138
55. Schafer I, Morgan C, Demjaha A, Morgan K, Dazzan P, Fearon P, Jones PB, Doody GA, Leff J, Murray RM, Fisher HL (2011) Assessment of posttraumatic symptoms in patients with first-episode psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 199:896-898
56. Schenkel LS, Spaulding WD, DiLillo D, Silverstein SM (2005) Histories of childhood maltreatment in schizophrenia: Relationships with premorbid functioning, symptomatology, and cognitive deficits. Schizophr Res. 76:273-286
57. Spataro J, Mullen PE, Burgess PM, Wells DL, Moss SA (2004) Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health: Prospective study in males and females. Br J Psychiatry. 184:416-421
58. Steel C (2008) Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: Current evidence and future directions. Behav Cogn Psychother. 36:705-712
59. Steel C, Fowler D, Holmes EA (2005) Trauma-related intrusions and psychosis: An information processing account. Behav Cogn Psychother. 33:139-152
60. Steel C, Haddock G, Tarrier N, Picken A, Barrowclough C (2011) Auditory hallucinations and posttraumatic stress disorder within schizophrenia and substance abuse. J Nerv Ment Dis. 199:709-711
61. Van Den Berg DPG, Van Der Gaag M (2012) Treating trauma in psychosis with EMDR: A pilot study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 43:664-671
62. Van Der Hart O, Nijenhuis ERS, Steele K (2005) Dissociation: An insufficiently recognised major feature of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 18:413-423
63. Varese F, Barkus E, Bentall RP (2012a) Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucination-proneness. Psychol Med. 42: 1025-1036
64. Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M, Lieverse R, Lataster T, Viechtbauer W, Read J, Van Os J, Bentall RP (2012b) Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta-Analysis of patient-control, prospective-And cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull. 38:661-671
65. Wechsler D (1981) Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleYRevised. New York: The Psychological Corp
66. Weiss D, Marmar C (1997) The Impact of Events ScaleYRevised. In Wilson JP, Keane TM (Eds), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD: A handbook for practitioners (pp 399-411). New York: The Guilford Press
67. White RG, Gumley AI (2009) Postpsychotic posttraumatic stress disorder: Associations with fear of recurrance and intolerance of uncertainty. J Nerv Ment Dis. 197:841-849
68. Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF (2005) Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse Negl. 29:797-810
69. Williams JM, Mathews A, MacLeod C (1996) The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol Bull. 120:3-24