Preparation of functionalized graphene oxide/polypropylene nanocomposite with significantly improved thermal stability and studies on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 237, Issue , 2014, Pages 411-420

  Yuan, Bihe ^a   Bao, Chenlu ^a   Song, Lei ^a   Hong, Ningning ^a   Liew, Kim Meow ^a,b   Hu, Yuan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Nucleating agent; Functionalized graphene oxide; Mechanical properties; Orientation parameter; Polypropylene; Thermal stability

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; HEAT DEFLECTION TEMPERATURE; INITIAL DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURES; INTERFACIAL ADHESIONS; MALEIC ANHYDRIDE GRAFTED POLYPROPYLENE; NUCLEATING AGENTS; ORIENTATION PARAMETER;

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CRYSTALLIZATION; GRAPHENE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE OXIDES; POLYPROPYLENES; TENSILE STRENGTH; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY;

LOADING;

EID: 84887540218     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.030     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K., Morozov S.V., Jiang D., Zhang Y., Dubonos S.V., Grigorieva I.V., Firsov A.A. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 2004, 306:666-669.
2. Sengupta R., Bhattacharya M., Bandyopadhyay S., Bhowmick A.K. A review on the mechanical and electrical properties of graphite and modified graphite reinforced polymer composites. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011, 36:638-670.
3. Geim A.K., Novoselov K.S. The rise of graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6:183-191.
4. Lee Y., Bae S., Jang H., Jang S., Zhu S.E., Sim S.H., Song Y.I., Hong B.H., Ahn J.H. Wafer-scale synthesis and transfer of graphene films. Nano Lett. 2010, 10:490-493.
5. Wu Q., Xu Y.X., Yao Z.Y., Liu A.R., Shi G.Q. Supercapacitors based on flexible graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composite films. ACS Nano 2010, 4:1963-1970.
6. 4-graphene hybrid as a high-capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132:13978-13980.
7. Kim H., Abdala A.A., Macosko C.W. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2010, 43:6515-6530.
8. Du J., Cheng H.-M. The fabrication, properties, and uses of graphene/polymer composites. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2012, 213:1060-1077.
9. Yang L., Phua S.L., Teo J.K., Toh C.L., Lau S.K., Ma J., Lu X. A biomimetic approach to enhancing interfacial interactions: polydopamine-coated clay as reinforcement for epoxy resin. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3:3026-3032.
10. Kim H., Miura Y., Macosko C.W. Graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites for improved gas barrier and electrical conductivity. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22:3441-3450.
11. Kuilla T., Bhadra S., Yao D., Kim N.H., Bose S., Lee J.H. Recent advances in graphene based polymer composites. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010, 35:1350-1375.
12. Singh V., Joung D., Zhai L., Das S., Khondaker S.I., Seal S. Graphene based materials: past, present and future. Prog. Mater Sci. 2011, 56:1178-1271.
13. Layek R.K., Nandi A.K. A review on synthesis and properties of polymer functionalized graphene. Polymer 2013, 54:5087-5103.
14. Xu Y., Liu Z., Zhang X., Wang Y., Tian J., Huang Y., Ma Y., Zhang X., Chen Y. A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting property. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21:1275-1279.
15. Cheng H.K., Sahoo N.G., Tan Y.P., Pan Y., Bao H., Li L., Chan S.H., Zhao J. Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites filled with poly(vinyl alcohol)-grafted graphene oxide. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4:2387-2394.
16. Hsiao M.C., Liao S.H., Lin Y.F., Wang C.A., Pu N.W., Tsai H.M., Ma C.C. Preparation and characterization of polypropylene-graft-thermally reduced graphite oxide with an improved compatibility with polypropylene-based nanocomposite. Nanoscale 2011, 3:1516-1522.
17. Stankovich S., Dikin D.A., Dommett G.H., Kohlhaas K.M., Zimney E.J., Stach E.A., Piner R.D., Nguyen S.T., Ruoff R.S. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 2006, 442:282-286.
18. Hsiao M.C., Liao S.H., Yen M.Y., Liu P.I., Pu N.W., Wang C.A., Ma C.C. Preparation of covalently functionalized graphene using residual oxygen-containing functional groups. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2:3092-3099.
19. Salavagione H.J., Martinez G., Ellis G. Recent advances in the covalent modification of graphene with polymers. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 32:1771-1789.
20. Fang M., Wang K., Lu H., Yang Y., Nutt S. Covalent polymer functionalization of graphene nanosheets and mechanical properties of composites. J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19:7098-7105.
21. Liu K., Chen L., Chen Y., Wu J., Zhang W., Chen F., Fu Q. Preparation of polyester/reduced graphene oxide composites via in situ melt polycondensation and simultaneous thermo-reduction of graphene oxide. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21:8612-8617.
22. Huang Y., Qin Y., Zhou Y., Niu H., Yu Z.-Z., Dong J.-Y. Polypropylene/graphene oxide nanocomposites prepared by in situ Ziegler-Natta polymerization. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22:4096-4102.
23. Cerezo F.T., Preston C.M.L., Shanks R.A. Morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical behavior of [poly(propylene)-grafted maleic anhydride]-layered expanded graphite oxide composites. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2007, 292:155-168.
24. Milani M.A., Quijada R., Basso N.R.S., Graebin A.P., Galland G.B. Influence of the graphite type on the synthesis of polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2012, 50:3598-3605.
25. El Achaby M., Arrakhiz F.-E., Vaudreuil S., el Kacem Qaiss A., Bousmina M., Fassi-Fehri O. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of graphene-based polypropylene nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing. Polym. Compos. 2012, 33:733-744.
26. Kalaitzidou K., Fukushima H., Drzal L.T. Mechanical properties and morphological characterization of exfoliated graphite-polypropylene nanocomposites. Compos. A 2007, 38:1675-1682.
27. Kalaitzidou K., Fukushima H., Drzal L.T. A new compounding method for exfoliated graphite-polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced flexural properties and lower percolation threshold. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67:2045-2051.
28. Hummers W.S., Offeman R.E. Preparation of graphitic oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80:1339.
29. Kolmakov K.A. An efficient, "Green" approach to aryl amination of cyanuric chloride using acetic acid as solvent. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 2008, 45:533-539.
30. Martins C.G., Larocca N.M., Paul D.R., Pessan L.A. Nanocomposites formed from polypropylene/EVA blends. Polymer 2009, 50:1743-1754.
31. Khanra P., Kuila T., Kim N.H., Bae S.H., Yu D.-S., Lee J.H. Simultaneous bio-functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide by baker's yeast. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 183:526-533.
32. Ma H.L., Zhang H.B., Hu Q.H., Li W.J., Jiang Z.G., Yu Z.Z., Dasari A. Functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide with p-phenylene diamine for electrically conductive and thermally stable polystyrene composites. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4:1948-1953.
33. Guo H.L., Wang X.F., Qian Q.Y., Wang F.B., Xia X.H. A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets. ACS Nano 2009, 3:2653-2659.
34. Li Y., Zhu J., Wei S., Ryu J., Sun L., Guo Z. Poly(propylene)/graphene nanoplatelet nanocomposites: melt rheological behavior and thermal, electrical, and electronic properties. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2011, 212:1951-1959.
35. Tien H.N., Luan V.H., Lee T.K., Kong B.S., Chung J.S., Kim E.J., Hur S.H. Enhanced solvothermal reduction of graphene oxide in a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and organic solvent. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 211:97-103.
36. Hontorialucas C., Lopezpeinado A.J., Lopezgonzalez J.D.D., Rojascervantes M.L., Martinaranda R.M. Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides - physical and chemical characterization. Carbon 1995, 33:1585-1592.
37. Nie S., Hu Y., Song L., He Q., Yang D., Chen H. Synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polypropylene. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19:1077-1083.
38. Lin Y., Jin J., Song M. Preparation and characterisation of covalent polymer functionalized graphene oxide. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21:3455-3461.
39. Cao Y.W., Feng J.C., Wu P.Y. Polypropylene-grafted graphene oxide sheets as multifunctional compatibilizers for polyolefin-based polymer blends. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22:14997-15005.
40. Schaubroeck D., De Baets J., Desmet T., Dubruel P., Schacht E., Van Vaeck L., Van Calster A. Surface modification of an epoxy resin with polyamines via cyanuric chloride coupling. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 256:6269-6278.
41. Tang X.-Z., Li W., Yu Z.-Z., Rafiee M.A., Rafiee J., Yavari F., Koratkar N. Enhanced thermal stability in graphene oxide covalently functionalized with 2-amino-4,6-didodecylamino-1,3,5-triazine. Carbon 2011, 49:1258-1265.
42. Guo Q., Yang Q., Zhu L., Yi C., Zhang S., Xie Y. A facile one-pot solvothermal route to tubular forms of luminescent polymeric networks [(C3N3)2(NH)3]n. Solid State Commun. 2004, 132:369-374.
43. Wang B., Luo B., Liang M., Wang A., Wang J., Fang Y., Chang Y., Zhi L. Chemical amination of graphene oxides and their extraordinary properties in the detection of lead ions. Nanoscale 2011, 3:5059-5066.
44. Ramanathan T., Abdala A.A., Stankovich S., Dikin D.A., Herrera-Alonso M., Piner R.D., Adamson D.H., Schniepp H.C., Chen X., Ruoff R.S., Nguyen S.T., Aksay I.A., Prud'Homme R.K., Brinson L.C. Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3:327-331.
45. 4-graphene oxide/polystyrene: fabrication and characterization of a promising nanocomposite. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 172:540-549.
46. Rafiee M.A., Rafiee J., Wang Z., Song H.H., Yu Z.Z., Koratkar N. Enhanced mechanical properties of nanocomposites at low graphene content. ACS Nano 2009, 3:3884-3890.
47. Liu M., Guo B., Du M., Chen F., Jia D. Halloysite nanotubes as a novel β-nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene. Polymer 2009, 50:3022-3030.
48. An J.-E., Jeon G.W., Jeong Y.G. Preparation and properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with exfoliated graphene. Fiber Polym. 2012, 13:507-514.
49. Koval'chuk A.A., Shchegolikhin A.N., Shevchenko V.G., Nedorezova P.M., Klyamkina A.N., Aladyshev A.M. Synthesis and properties of polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotube composites. Macromolecules 2008, 41:3149-3156.
50. Song P., Cao Z., Cai Y., Zhao L., Fang Z., Fu S. Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Polymer 2011, 52:4001-4010.
51. Li B., Zhong W.-H. Review on polymer/graphite nanoplatelet nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 2011, 46:5595-5614.
52. Bao C., Guo Y., Song L., Hu Y. Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites based on graphene and graphite oxide: a comparative investigation of property and mechanism. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21:13942-13950.
53. Hu X.-P., Li Y.-L., Wang Y.-Z. Synergistic effect of the charring agent on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polyethylene. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2004, 289:208-212.
54. Gonçalves G., Marques P.A.A.P., Barros-Timmons A., Bdkin I., Singh M.K., Emami N., Grácio J. Graphene oxide modified with PMMA via ATRP as a reinforcement filler. J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20:9927-9934.
55. Chen X., Wei S., Yadav A., Patil R., Zhu J., Ximenes R., Sun L., Guo Z. Poly(propylene)/carbon nanofiber nanocomposites: ex situ solvent-assisted preparation and analysis of electrical and electronic properties. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2011, 296:434-443.
56. Yun Y.S., Bae Y.H., Kim D.H., Lee J.Y., Chin I.-J., Jin H.-J. Reinforcing effects of adding alkylated graphene oxide to polypropylene. Carbon 2011, 49:3553-3559.
57. Yang B.X., Pramoda K.P., Xu G.Q., Goh S.H. Mechanical reinforcement of polyethylene using polyethylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17:2062-2069.
58. Nguyen D.A., Lee Y.R., Raghu A.V., Jeong H.M., Shin C.M., Kim B.K. Morphological and physical properties of a thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with functionalized graphene sheet. Polym. Int. 2009, 58:412-417.
59. Cai D., Yusoh K., Song M. The mechanical properties and morphology of a graphite oxide nanoplatelet/polyurethane composite. Nanotechnology 2009, 20:085712.
60. Zaman I., Kuan H.-C., Meng Q., Michelmore A., Kawashima N., Pitt T., Zhang L., Gouda S., Luong L., Ma J. A facile approach to chemically modified graphene and its polymer nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22:2735-2743.
61. Zaman I., Le Q.-H., Kuan H.-C., Kawashima N., Luong L., Gerson A., Ma J. Interface-tuned epoxy/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 2011, 52:497-504.
62. Choi W.J., Kim S.C. Effects of talc orientation and non-isothermal crystallization rate on crystal orientation of polypropylene in injection-molded polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber/talc blends. Polymer 2004, 45:2393-2401.
63. Machado G., Denardin E.L.G., Kinast E.J., Gonçalves M.C., de Luca M.A., Teixeira S.R., Samios D. Crystalline properties and morphological changes in plastically deformed isotatic polypropylene evaluated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41:129-138.
64. Kim J.H., Koo C.M., Choi Y.S., Wang K.H., Chung I.J. Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites using an antioxidant. Polymer 2004, 45:7719-7727.
65. Shanks R.A., Cerezo F.T. Preparation and properties of poly(propylene-g-maleic anhydride) filled with expanded graphite oxide. Compos. A 2012, 43:1092-1100.
66. Yoonessi M., Gaier J.R. Highly conductive multifunctional graphene polycarbonate nanocomposites. ACS Nano 2010, 4:7211-7220.