Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: A literature review

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

Volumn 9, Issue , 2013, Pages 1725-1736

  Beghi, Massimiliano ^a,b   Rosenbaum, Jerrold F ^c   Cerri, Cesare ^a,d   Cornaggia, Cesare M ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^b Salvini Hospital   (Italy)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d Zucchi Clinical Institute   (Italy)

^e Forensic Psychiatric Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

Deliberate self harm; Predictors; Repetition; Suicide; Suicide attempt

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOLISM; ANXIETY; AUTOMUTILATION; CAUCASIAN; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; EMBASE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FAMILY LIFE; FATALITY; HUMAN; IMPULSIVENESS; MEDLINE; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; VICTIM;

EID: 84887388607     PISSN: 11766328     EISSN: 11782021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S40213     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, De Leo D, etal. Suicide attempts, plans, and ideation in culturally diverse sites: the WHO SUPRE-MISS community survey. Psychol Med. 2005;35(10):1457-1465.
2. Mościcki EK. Identification of suicide risk factors using epidemiologic studies. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1997;20(3):499-517.
3. Appleby L, Dennehy JA, Thomas CS, Faragher EB, Lewis G. Aftercare and clinical characteristics of people with mental illness who commit suicide: a case-control study. Lancet. 1999;353(9162):1397-1400.
4. Blumenthal SJ, Kupfer DJ, editors. Suicide over the Life Cycle: Risk Factors, Assessment, and Treatment of Suicidal Patients. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 1990.
5. Pokorny AD. Prediction of suicide in psychiatric patients. Report of a prospective study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40(3):249-257.
6. Hughes T, Owens D. Can attempted suicide (deliberate self-harm) be anticipated or prevented? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 1995;8(2):76-79.
7. Owens D, Horrocks J, House A. Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. Systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:193-199.
8. Schmidtke A, Bille-Brahe U, DeLeo D, etal. Attempted suicide in Europe: rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989-1992. Results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;93(5):327-338.
9. Silverman MM, Berman AL, Sanddal ND, O'Carroll PW, Joiner TE. Rebuilding the tower of Babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Part 1: Background, rationale and methodology. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007;37(3):248-263.
10. Silverman MM, Berman AL, Sanddal ND, O'Carroll PW, Joiner TE. Rebuilding the tower of Babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Part 2: Suicide-related ideations, communications, and behaviors. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007;37(3): 264-277.
11. Asnis GM, Friedman TA, Sanderson WC, Kaplan ML, van Praag HM, Harkavy-Friedman JM. Suicidal behaviors in adult psychiatric outpatients, I: Description and prevalence. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150(1): 108-112.
12. Batt A, Eudier F, Le Vaou P, etal. Repetition of parasuicide: risk factors in general hospital referred patients. J Ment Health. 1998;7(3): 285-297.
13. Bille-Brahe U, Jessen G. Repeated suicidal behavior: a two-year follow-up. Crisis. 1994;15(2):77-82.
14. Boyes AP. Repetition of overdose: a retrospective 5-year study. J Adv Nurs. 1994;20(3):462-468.
15. Brådvik L. Suicide after suicide attempt in severe depression: a long-term follow-up. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2003;33(4):381-388.
16. Brezo J, Paris J, Hébert M, Vitaro F, Tremblay R, Turecki G. Broad and narrow personality traits as markers of one-time and repeated suicide attempts: a population-based study. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:15.
17. Carter GL, Whyte IM, Ball K, etal. Repetition of deliberate self-poisoning in an Australian hospital-treated population. Med J Aust. 1999;170(7):307-311.
18. Carter GL, Clover KA, Bryant JL, Whyte IM. Can the Edinburgh Risk of Repetition Scale predict repetition of deliberate self-poisoning in an Australian clinical setting? Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2002;32(3):230-239.
19. Carter G, Reith DM, Whyte IM, McPherson M. Repeated self-poisoning: increasing severity of self-harm as a predictor of subsequent suicide. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:253-257.
20. Cedereke M, Ojehagen A. Prediction of repeated parasuicide after 1-12 months. Eur Psychiatry. 2005;20(2):101-109.
21. Chandrasekaran R, Gnanaselane J. Predictors of repeat suicidal attempts after first-ever attempt: a two-year follow-up study. Hong Kong J Psychiatry. 2008;18(4):131-135.
22. Christiansen E, Jensen BF. Risk of repetition of suicide attempt, suicide or all deaths after an episode of attempted suicide: a register-based survival analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007;41(3):257-265.
23. Coakley F, Hayes C, Fennell J, Johnson Z. A study of deliberate self-poisoning in a Dublin Hospital 1986-1990. Ir J Psychol Med. 1994;11(2):70-72.
24. Colman I, Newman SC, Schopflocher D, Bland RC, Dyck RJ. A multivariate study of predictors of repeat parasuicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;109(4):306-312.
25. Conner KR, Phillips MR, Meldrum SC. Predictors of low-intent and high-intent suicide attempts in rural China. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(10):1842-1846.
26. Cooper J, Kapur N, Webb R, etal. Suicide after deliberate self-harm: a 4-year cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(2):297-303.
27. Cooper J, Husain N, Webb R, etal. Self-harm in the UK: differences between South Asians and Whites in rates, characteristics, provision of service and repetition. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006; 41(10):782-788.
28. Corcoran P, Keeley HS, O'Sullivan M, Perry IJ. The incidence and repetition of attempted suicide in Ireland. Eur J Public Health. 2004;14(1):19-23.
29. Crane C, Williams JM, Hawton K, etal. The association between life events and suicide intent in self-poisoners with and without a history of deliberate self-harm: a preliminary study. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007;37(4):367-378.
30. da Silva Cais CF, Stefanello S, Fabrício Mauro ML, Vaz Scavacini de Freitas G, Botega NJ. Factors associated with repeated suicide attempts. Preliminary results of the WHO Multisite Intervention Study on Suicidal Behavior (SUPRE-MISS) from Campinas, Brazil. Crisis. 2009;30(2):73-78.
31. De Moore GM, Robertson AR. Suicide in the 18 years after deliberate self-harm: a prospective study. Br J Psychiatry. 1996;169(4):489-494.
32. Ekeberg O, Ellingsen O, Jacobsen D. Suicide and other causes of death in a five-year follow-up of patients treated for self-poisoning in Oslo. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991;83(6):432-437.
33. Evans J, Platts H, Liebenau A. Impulsiveness and deliberate self-harm: a comparison of "first-timers" and "repeaters. " Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;93(5):378-380.
34. Evans J, Reeves B, Platt H, etal. Impulsiveness, serotonin genes and repetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH). Psychol Med. 2000;30(6): 1327-1334.
35. Forman EM, Berk MS, Henriques GR, Brown GK, Beck AT. History of multiple suicide attempts as a behavioral marker of severe psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(3):437-443.
36. Gilbody S, House A, Owens D. The early repetition of deliberate self harm. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1997;31(2):171-172.
37. Harriss L, Hawton K, Zahl D. Value of measuring suicidal intent in the assessment of people attending hospital following self-poisoning or self-injury. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:60-66.
38. Haukka J, Suominen K, Partonen T, etal. Determinants and outcomes of serious attempted suicide: a nationwide study in Finland, 1996-2003. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(10):1155-1163.
39. Haw C, Hawton K, Houston K, Townsend E. Correlates of relative lethality and suicidal intent among deliberate self-harm patients. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2003;33(4):353-364.
40. Haw C, Bergen H, Casey D, Hawton K. Repetition of deliberate self-harm: a study of the characteristics and subsequent deaths in patients presenting to a general hospital according to extent of repetition. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007;37(4):379-396.
41. Hawton K, Houston K, Haw C, Townsend E, Harriss L. Comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders in patients who attempted suicide. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(8):1494-1500.
42. Henriques G, Wenzel A, Brown GK, Beck AT. Suicide attempters' reaction to survival as a risk factor for eventual suicide. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(11):2180-2182.
43. Heyerdahl F, Bjornaas MA, Dahl R, etal. Repetition of acute poisoning in Oslo: 1-year prospective study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194(1):73-79.
44. Hjelmeland H, Stiles TC, Bille-Brahe U, etal. Parasuicide: the value of suicidal intent and various motives as predictors of future suicidal behavior. Arch Suicide Res. 1998;4(3):209-225.
45. Hjelmeland H, Polit C. Repetition of parasuicide: a predictive study. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1996;26(4):395-404.
46. Johnston A, Cooper J, Webb R, Kapur N. Individual-and area-level predictors of self-harm repetition. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:416-421.
47. Kapur N, Cooper J, King-Hele S, etal. The repetition of suicidal behavior: a multicenter cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(10): 1599-1609.
48. Keeley H, O'Sullivan M, Corcoran P. Background stressors and deliberate self-harm. Prospective case note study in southern Ireland. Psychiatr Bull R Coll Psychiatr. 2003;27(11):411-415.
49. Kinyanda E, Hjelmeland H, Musisi S, Kigozi F, Walugembe J. Repetition of deliberate self-harm as seen in Uganda. Arch Suicide Res. 2005;9(4):333-344.
50. Kiankhooy A, Crookes B, Privette A, Osler T, Sartorelli K. Fait accompli: suicide in a rural trauma setting. J Trauma. 2009;67(2):366-371.
51. Lilley R, Owens D, Horrocks J, etal. Hospital care and repetition following self-harm: multicentre comparison of self-poisoning and self-injury. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192(6):440-445.
52. McAuliffe C, Corcoran P, Keeley HS, etal. Problem-solving ability and repetition of deliberate self-harm: a multicentre study. Psychol Med. 2006;36(1):45-55.
53. McAuliffe C, Arensman E, Keeley HS, Corcoran P, Fitzgerald AP. Motives and suicide intent underlying hospital treated deliberate self-harm and their association with repetition. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007;37(4):397-408.
54. McAuliffe C, Corcoran P, Hickey P, McLeavey BC. Optional thinking ability among hospital-treated deliberate self-harm patients: a 1-year follow-up study. Br J Clin Psychol. 2008;47(Pt 1):43-58.
55. McEvedy CJ. Trends in self-poisoning: admissions to a central London hospital, 1991-1994. J R Soc Med. 1997;90(9):496-498.
56. Neeleman J, Wessely S, Wadsworth M. Predictors of suicide, accidental death, and premature natural death in a general-population birth cohort. Lancet. 1998;351(9096):93-97.
57. Nordentoft M, Breum L, Munck LK, Nordestgaard AG, Hunding A, Laursen Bjaeldager PA. High mortality by natural and unnatural causes: a 10 year follow up study of patients admitted to a poisoning treatment centre after suicide attempts. BMJ. 1993;306(6893):1637-1641.
58. Nordström P, Samuelsson M, Asberg M. Survival analysis of suicide risk after attempted suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995;91(5):336-340.
59. Ojehagen A, Regnéll G, Träskman-Bendz L. Deliberate self-poisoning: repeaters and nonrepeaters admitted to an intensive care unit. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991;84(3):266-271.
60. Ostamo A, Lönnqvist J. Excess mortality of suicide attempters. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001;36(1):29-35.
61. Osváth P, Kelemen G, Erdös MB, Vörös V, Fekete S. The main factors of repetition: review of some results of the Pecs Center in the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. Crisis. 2003;24(4): 151-154.
62. Owens D, Dennis M, Jones S, Dove A, Dave S. Self-poisoning patients discharged from accident and emergency: risk factors and outcome. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1991;25(3):218-222.
63. Owens D, Dennis M, Read S, Davis N. Outcome of deliberate self-poisoning. An examination of risk factors for repetition. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(6):797-801.
64. Owens D, Wood C, Greenwood DC, Hughes T, Dennis M. Mortality and suicide after non-fatal self-poisoning: 16-year outcome study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;187:470-475.
65. Pettit JW, Joiner TE Jr, Rudd MD. Kindling and behavioral sensitization: are they relevant to recurrent suicide attempts? J Affect Disord. 2004;83(2-3):249-252.
66. Platt S, Bille-Brahe U, Kerkhof A, etal. Parasuicide in Europe: the WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide. I. Introduction and preliminary analysis for 1989. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;85(2):97-104.
67. Scoliers G, Portzky G, van Heeringen K, Audenaert K. Sociodemographic and psychopathological risk factors for repetition of attempted suicide: a 5-year follow-up study. Arch Suicide Res. 2009;13(3):201-213.
68. Sheikholeslami H, Kani C, Ziaee A. Attempted suicide among Iranian population. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2008;38(4):456-466.
69. Sidley GL, Calam R, Wells A, Hughes T, Whitaker K. The prediction of parasuicide repetition in a high-risk group. Br J Clin Psychol. 1999; 38(Pt 4):375-386.
70. Sinclair JM, Crane C, Hawton K, Williams JM. The role of autobiographical memory specificity in deliberate self-harm: correlates and consequences. J Affect Disord. 2007;102(1-3):11-18.
71. Stenager EN, Stenager E, Jensen K. Attempted suicide, depression and physical diseases: a 1-year follow-up study. Psychother Psychosom. 1994;61(1-2):65-73.
72. Suokas J, Suominen K, Isometsä E, Ostamo A, Lönnqvist J. Long-term risk factors for suicide mortality after attempted suicide-findings of a 14-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001;104(2): 117-121.
73. Suominen KH, Isometsä ET, Henriksson MM, Ostamo AI, Lönnqvist JK. Suicide attempts and personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;102(2):118-125.
74. Suominen K, Isometsä E, Ostamo A, Lönnqvist J. Level of suicidal intent predicts overall mortality and suicide after attempted suicide: a 12-year follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry. 2004;4:11.
75. Taylor CJ, Kent GG, Huws RW. A comparison of the backgrounds of first time and repeated overdose patients. J Accid Emerg Med. 1994;11(4):238-242.
76. Tejedor MC, Díaz A, Castillón JJ, Pericay JM. Attempted suicide: repetition and survival-findings of a follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;100(3):205-211.
77. Tidemalm D, Långström N, Lichtenstein P, Runeson B. Risk of suicide after suicide attempt according to coexisting psychiatric disorder: Swedish cohort study with long term follow-up. BMJ. 2008; 337:a2205.
78. Townsend E, Hawton K, Harriss L, Bale E, Bond A. Substances used in deliberate self-poisoning 1985-1997: trends and associations with age, gender, repetition and suicide intent. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001;36(5):228-234.
79. Trémeau F, Staner L, Duval F, etal. Suicide attempts and family history of suicide in three psychiatric populations. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2005;35(6):702-713.
80. Verkes RJ, Fekkes D, Zwinderman AH, etal. Platelet serotonin and [3H]paroxetine binding correlate with recurrence of suicidal behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997;132(1):89-94.
81. Wang AG, Mortensen G. Core features of repeated suicidal behaviour: a long-term follow-up after suicide attempts in a low-suicide-incidence population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41(2): 103-107.
82. Westling S, Ahrén B, Träskman-Bendz L, Westrin A. Low CSF leptin in female suicide attempters with major depression. J Affect Disord. 2004;81(1):41-48.
83. Ystgaard M, Hestetun I, Loeb M, Mehlum L. Is there a specific relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and repeated suicidal behavior? Child Abuse Negl. 2004;28(8):863-875.
84. Zahl DL, Hawton K. Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: long-term follow-up study of 11,583 patients. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185:70-75.
85. Diekstra RF. Suicide and suicide attempts in the European Economic Community: an analysis of trends, with special emphasis upon trends among the young. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1985;15(1):27-42.
86. Reulbach U, Bleich S. Suicide risk after a suicide attempt. BMJ. 2008;337:a2512.
87. Kapur N, House A, May C, Creed F. Service provision and outcome for deliberate self-poisoning in adults-results from a six centre descriptive study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003;38(7):390-395.