Mental health of children, adolescents and young adults - Part 2: Burden of illness, deficits of the german health care system and efficacy and effectiveness of early intervention services;Die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen - Teil 2: Krankheitslast, Defizite des deutschen Versorgungssystems, Effektivität und Effizienz von Early Intervention Services

Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie

Volumn 81, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 628-638

  Karow, A ^a   Bock, T ^a   Naber, D ^a   Lowe B ^a   Schulte Markwort, M ^a   Schafer I ^a   Gumz, A ^a   Degkwitz, P ^a   Schulte, B ^a   Konig H H ^a   Konnopka, A ^a   Bauer, M ^b   Bechdolf, A ^c,d   Correll, C ^e   Juckel, G ^f   Klosterkotter J ^d   Leopold, K ^b   Pfennig, A ^b   Lambert, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CARL GUSTAV CARUS   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^d VIVANTES KLINIKUM AM URBAN   (Germany)

^e ZUCKER HILLSIDE HOSPITAL   (United States)

^f RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

Author keywords

adolescents; mental disorders; prevention; young adults

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENCE; ARTICLE; CHILDHOOD; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; EARLY INTERVENTION; GERMANY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; COST OF ILLNESS; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EARLY INTERVENTION (EDUCATION); FEMALE; GERMANY; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; PSYCHIATRY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84887337431     PISSN: 07204299     EISSN: 14393522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355840     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Gore F. M., Bloem P. J., Patton G. C. et al. Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years: a systematic analysis. Lancet: 2011; 377 2093 2102
2. Vos T., Flaxman A. D., Naghavi M. et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet: 2012; 380 2163 2196
3. Kawakami N., Abdulghani E. A., Alonso J. et al. Early-life mental disorders and adult household income in the World Mental Health Surveys. Biological psychiatry: 2012; 72 228 237
4. Gustavsson A., Svensson M., Jacobi F. et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology: 2011; 21 718 779
5. Wittchen H. U., Jacobi F., Rehm J. et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology: 2011; 21 655 679
6. Olesen J., Gustavsson A., Svensson M. et al. The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe. European Journal of Neurology: 2012; 19 155 162
7. Jacobi F., Wittchen H. U., Hölting C. et al. Prevalence, co-morbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS). In: Cambridge Journals Online: 2004; 34 4 597 611 (Pubitemid 38735455)
8. Thornicroft G. Most people with mental illness are not treated. Lancet: 2007; 370 807 808 (Pubitemid 47362327)
9. Wang P. S., Angermeyer M., Borges G. et al. Delay and failure in treatment seeking after first onset of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry: 2007; 6 177 185 (Pubitemid 350047830)
10. Shatkin J. P., Belfer M. L. The global absence of child and adolescent mental health policy. Child and Adolescent Mental Health: 2004; 9 104 108
11. Singh S. P. Transition of care from child to adult mental health services: the great divide. Current opinion in psychiatry: 2009; 22 386 390
12. Costello E. J., Egger H., Angold A. 10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 2005; 44 972 986 (Pubitemid 41377553)
13. Saha S., Chant D., McGrath J. Meta-analyses of the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia: conceptual and methodological issues. International journal of methods in psychiatric research: 2008; 17 55 61
14. Kirkbride J. B., Errazuriz A., Croudace T. J. et al. Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in England, 1950-2009: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One: 2012; 7 e31660
15. Jablensky A., Sartorius N., Ernberg G. et al. Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. Psychol Med Monogr Suppl: 1992; 20 1 97
16. Kieling C., Baker-Henningham H., Belfer M. et al. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet: 2011; 378 1515 1525
17. Brockington I., Chandra P., Dubowitz H. et al. WPA guidance on the protection and promotion of mental health in children of persons with severe mental disorders. World Psychiatry: 2011; 10 93 102
18. Kohn R., Saxena S., Levav I. et al. The treatment gap in mental health care. Bulletin of the World Health Organization: 2004; 82 858 866 (Pubitemid 39573744)
19. McGorry P., Purcell R., Hickie I. et al. Investing in youth mental health is a best buy. Medical Journal of Australia: 2007; 5 187
20. McGorry P. D., Purcell R., Hickie I. B. et al. Clinical staging: a heuristic model for psychiatry and youth mental health. The Medical Journal of Australia: 2007; 187 S40 S42
21. McGorry P., Purcell R. Youth mental health reform and early intervention: encouraging early signs. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2009; 3 161 162
22. Haggerty R. J., Mrazek P. J. Can We Prevent Mental Illness? Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine: 1994; 71 300 306
23. Janusic T. Promoting youth mental health. Medical Journal of Australia: 2012; 196 54
24. Park M. J., Adams S. H., Irwin C. EJ. Health care services and the transition to young adulthood: challenges and opportunities. American Academy of Pediatrics: 2011; 11 115 122
25. McGorry P., Hazell P., Hickie I. et al. The 'youth model' in mental health services. Australias Psychiatry: 2008; 16 136 137
26. McGorry P. Should youth mental health become a speciality in its own right? Yes. Bmj: 2009; 339 b3373
27. McGorry P. D., Edwards J., Mihalopoulos C. et al. EPPIC: an evolving system of early detection and optimal management. Schizophr Bull: 1996; 22 305 326 (Pubitemid 26174576)
28. Srihari V. H., Shah J., Keshavan M. S. Is early intervention for psychosis feasible and effective? The Psychiatric clinics of North America 35 613 631
29. Malla A., Schmitz N., Norman R. et al. A multisite Canadian study of outcome of first-episode psychosis treated in publicly funded early intervention services. Canadian journal of psychiatry: 2007; 52 563 571 (Pubitemid 47523283)
30. Bertelsen M., Jeppesen P., Petersen L. et al. Five-year follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial of intensive early intervention vs standard treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness: the OPUS trial. Archives of general psychiatry: 2008; 65 762 771 (Pubitemid 351957702)
31. Norman R. M., Manchanda R., Malla A. K. et al. Symptom and functional outcomes for a 5 year early intervention program for psychoses. Schizophrenia research: 2011; 129 111 115
32. Gafoor R., Nitsch D., McCrone P. et al. Effect of early intervention on 5-year outcome in non-affective psychosis. Br J Psychiatry: 2010; 196 372 376
33. Larsen T. K., Melle I., Auestad B. et al. Early detection of psychosis: positive effects on 5-year outcome. Psychological medicine: 2011; 41 1461 1469
34. de Girolamo G., Dagani J., Purcell R. et al. Age of onset of mental disorders and use of mental health services: needs, opportunities and obstacles. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences: 2012; 21 47 57
35. IRIS Guidelines for Early Intervention in Psychosis. IRIS Guidelines Principles http://www.iris-initiative.org.uk In
36. Joa I., Johannessen J. O., Auestad B. et al. The key to reducing duration of untreated first psychosis: information campaigns. Schizophr Bull: 2008; 34 466 472
37. Wright A., McGorry P. D., Harris M. G. et al. Development and evaluation of a youth mental health community awareness campaign - The Compass Strategy. BMC public health: 2006; 6 215
38. Morgan A., Jorm A. Awareness of beyondblue: the national depression initiative in Australian young people. Australias Psychiatry: 2007; 15 329 333 (Pubitemid 47073040)
39. Jorm A. F., Christensen H., Griffiths K. M. Changes in depression awareness and attitudes in Australia: the impact of beyondblue: the national depression initiative. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry: 2006; 40 42 46 (Pubitemid 43337439)
40. Jorm A. F. Australian young people's awareness of headspace, beyondblue and other mental health organizations. Australias Psychiatry: 2009; 17 472 474
41. Yap M. B., Reavley N. J., Jorm A. F. Associations between awareness of beyondblue and mental health literacy in Australian youth: Results from a national survey. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry: 2012; 46 541 552
42. Yap M. B., Reavley N. J., Jorm A. F. Intentions and helpfulness beliefs about first aid responses for young people with mental disorders: findings from two Australian national surveys of youth. Journal of affective disorders: 2012; 136 430 442
43. Hoven C. W., Doan T., Musa G. J. et al. Worldwide child and adolescent mental health begins with awareness: a preliminary assessment in nine countries. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England): 2008; 20 261 270 (Pubitemid 351882970)
44. Slade E. P. Effects of school-based mental health programs on mental health service use by adolescents at school and in the community. Mental health services research: 2002; 4 151 166
45. Langeveld J., Joa I., Larsen T. K. et al. Teachers' awareness for psychotic symptoms in secondary school: the effects of an early detection programme and information campaign. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2011; 5 115 121
46. Jorm A. F., Kitchener B. A., Fischer J. A. et al. Mental health first aid training by e-learning: a randomized controlled trial. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry: 2010; 44 1072 1081
47. Cappella E., Hamre B. K., Kim H. Y. et al. Teacher consultation and coaching within mental health practice: classroom and child effects in urban elementary schools. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology: 2012; 80 597 610
48. Tait L., Lester H., Birchwood M. et al. Design of the BiRmingham Early Detection In untREated psyChosis Trial (REDIRECT): cluster randomised controlled trial of general practitioner education in detection of first episode psychosis [ISRCTN87898421]. BMC health services research: 2005; 5 19
49. Lester H., Birchwood M., Freemantle N. et al. REDIRECT: cluster randomised controlled trial of GP training in first-episode psychosis. Br J Gen Pract: 2009; 59 e183 e190
50. Power P., Iacoponi E., Reynolds N. et al. The Lambeth Early Onset Crisis Assessment Team Study: general practitioner education and access to an early detection team in first-episode psychosis. The British Journal of psychiatry: 2007; 51 s133 s139 (Pubitemid 350273203)
51. Rickwood D. J., Deane F. P., Wilson C. J. When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems? The Medical Journal of Australia: 2007; 187 S35 S39
52. Vanheusden K., Mulder C. L., van der Ende J. et al. Young adults face major barriers to seeking help from mental health services. Patient education and counseling: 2008; 73 97 104
53. Wilson C. J., Bushnell J. A., Caputi P. Early access and help seeking: practice implications and new initiatives. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2011; 5 01 34 39
54. Amone-P'Olak K., Ormel J., Oldehinkel A. J. et al. Socioeconomic position predicts speciality mental health service use independent of clinical severity: the TRAILS study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 2010; 49 647 655
55. Davidson L., Bellamy C., Guy K. et al. Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience. World Psychiatry: 2012; 11 123 128
56. Druss B. G., Zhao L., von Esenwein S. A. et al. The Health and Recovery Peer (HARP) Program: a peer-led intervention to improve medical self-management for persons with serious mental illness. Schizophrenia research: 2010; 118 264 270
57. McGorry P. D. Is early intervention in the major psychiatric disorders justified? Yes. Bmj: 2008; 337 a695
58. Johannessen J. O., McGlashan T. H., Larsen T. K. et al. Early detection strategies for untreated first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia research: 2001; 51 39 46 (Pubitemid 32722067)
59. Melle I., Larsen T. K., Haahr U. Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: Effects on clinical presentation. Archives of general psychiatry: 2004; 61 143 150 (Pubitemid 38146548)
60. Larsen T. K., McGlashan T. H., Johannessen J. O. et al. Shortened duration of untreated first episode of psychosis: changes in patient characteristics at treatment. The American journal of psychiatry: 2001; 158 1917 1919 (Pubitemid 33054789)
61. Chen E. Y., Tang J. Y., Hui C. L. et al. Three-year outcome of phase-specific early intervention for first-episode psychosis: a cohort study in Hong Kong. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2011; 5 315 323
62. Malla A., Norman R., Scholten D. et al. A community intervention for early identification of first episode psychosis: impact on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and patient characteristics. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology: 2005; 40 337 344 (Pubitemid 40753660)
63. Chong S. A., Mythily S., Verma S. Reducing the duration of untreated psychosis and changing help-seeking behaviour in Singapore. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology: 2005; 40 619 621 (Pubitemid 41300483)
64. Dodgson G., Ross L., Tiffin P. et al. Outcomes post-discharge from an early intervention in psychosis service. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2012; 6 465 468
65. Lambert M., Bock T., Schottle D. et al. Assertive community treatment as part of integrated care versus standard care: a 12-month trial in patients with first- and multiple-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with quetiapine immediate release (ACCESS Trial). The Journal of clinical psychiatry: 2010; 71 1313 1323
66. Petersen L., Jeppesen P., Thorup A. et al. A randomised multicentre trial of integrated versus standard treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness. Bmj: 2005; 331 602
67. Hegelstad W. T., Larsen T. K., Auestad B. et al. Long-term follow-up of the TIPS early detection in psychosis study: effects on 10-year outcome. The American journal of psychiatry: 2012; 169 374 380
68. Lambert M., Conus P., Lubman D. I. et al. The impact of substance use disorders on clinical outcome in 643 patients with first-episode psychosis. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica: 2005; 112 141 148 (Pubitemid 41003193)
69. Ballageer T., Malla A., Manchanda R. et al. Is adolescent-onset first-episode psychosis different from adult onset? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 2005; 44 782 789 (Pubitemid 41026282)
70. Schimmelmann B. G., Conus P., Cotton S. et al. Pre-treatment, baseline, and outcome differences between early-onset and adult-onset psychosis in an epidemiological cohort of 636 first-episode patients. Schizophrenia research: 2007; 95 1 8 (Pubitemid 47315740)
71. Karow A., Reimer J., Konig H. H. et al. Cost-effectiveness of 12-month therapeutic assertive community treatment as part of integrated care versus standard care in patients with schizophrenia treated with quetiapine immediate release (ACCESS trial). The Journal of clinical psychiatry: 2012; 73 e402 e408
72. Goldberg K., Norman R., Hoch J. S. et al. Impact of a specialized early intervention service for psychotic disorders on patient characteristics, service use, and hospital costs in a defined catchment area. Canadian journal of psychiatry: 2006; 51 895 903 (Pubitemid 46354053)
73. McCrone P., Killaspy H., Bebbington P. et al. The REACT study: cost-effectiveness analysis of assertive community treatment in north London. Psychiatric services. Psychiatric services Washington, DC: 2009; 60 908 913
74. McCrone P., Knapp M., Dhanasiri S. Economic impact of services for first-episode psychosis: a decision model approach. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2009; 3 266 273
75. Cocchi A., Mapelli V., Meneghelli A. et al. Cost-effectiveness of treating first-episode psychosis: five-year follow-up results from an Italian early intervention programme. Early intervention in psychiatry: 2011; 5 203 211
76. Wong K. K., Chan S. K., Lam M. M. et al. Cost-effectiveness of an early assessment service for young people with early psychosis in Hong Kong. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry: 2011; 45 673 680
77. Mihalopoulos C., Harris M., Henry L. et al. Is early intervention in psychosis cost-effective over the long term? Schizophr Bull: 2009; 35 909 918
78. Nordentoft M., Ohlenschlaeger J., Thorup A. et al. Deinstitutionalization revisited: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of hospital-based rehabilitation versus specialized assertive intervention (OPUS) versus standard treatment for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychological medicine: 2010; 40 1619 1626
79. McCrone P., Craig T. K., Power P. et al. Cost-effectiveness of an early intervention service for people with psychosis. Br J Psychiatry: 2010; 196 377 382
80. Hastrup L. H., Kronborg C., Bertelsen M. et al. Cost-effectiveness of early intervention in first-episode psychosis: economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (the OPUS study). Br J Psychiatry: 2012; 202 1 35 41
81. Zechmeister I., Kilian R., McDaid D. Is it worth investing in mental health promotion and prevention of mental illness? A systematic review of the evidence from economic evaluations. BMC public health: 2008; 8 20
82. Mihalopoulos C., Vos T., Pirkis J. et al. The economic analysis of prevention in mental health programs. Annual review of clinical psychology: 2011; 7 169 201
83. Mihalopoulos C., Vos T., Pirkis J. et al. The population cost-effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent childhood depression. Pediatrics: 2012; 129 e723 e730
84. Lynch F. L., Hornbrook M., Clarke G. N. et al. Cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent depression in at-risk teens. Archives of general psychiatry: 2005; 62 1241 1248 (Pubitemid 41586923)