Rethinking European nature conservation legislation: Towards sustainable development

Journal for European Environmental and Planning Law

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 72-84

  Kistenkas, F H ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

climate change; ecosystem services; habitats assessment; margin of appreciation; nature conservation; sustainable development

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887283939     PISSN: 16137272     EISSN: 18760104     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/18760104-01001005     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. EU Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (adopted 21 May 1992).
2. See also EU Council Directives 79/409/EEC and 09/147/EU on the conservation of wild birds (adopted 2 April 1979 and modified 30 November 2009).
3. J. Young et al, Towards sustainable land use: identifying and managing the conflicts between human activities and biodiversity conservation in Europe, Biodiversity and Conservation 2005 (14), p. 1641 et seq.;
4. F.H. Kistenkas, Recht voor de groene ruimte, Wageningen 2008, p. 61 et seq.;
5. A. Cliquet et al, Adaptation to climate change. Legal challenges for protected areas , ULR 2009 (5), p. 158;
6. A. Trouwborst, International Nature Conservation law and the Adaptation of Biodiversity to Climate change; a mismatch, JEL 2009 (21), p. 419 et seq. and
7. J. Ebbeson, The rule of law in governance of complex socio-ecological changes, Global Environmental Change 2010 (20), p. 421.
8. P. Mendelts & L. Boerema, Een ruimere jas voor Natura 2000, M&R 2012 (5) p. 310 et seq.
9. Ch.W. Backes, A.A. Freriks & J. Robbe, Hoofdlijnen natuurbeschermingsrecht, The Hague 2009, p. 106 et seq.
10. F.H. Kistenkas, Recht voor de groenblauwe ruimte, Wageningen 2012, p. 108 et seq.
11. See on planet, people and profit (ecology, immaterial and production ecosystem services): Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), Ecosystems and Human Well-being: current state and trends (Island Press, Washington DC 2005).
12. See Cliquet, supra note 2.
13. See Trouwborst, supra note 2 and Kistenkas, supra, note 3 at p. 100 et seq.
14. P.F.M. Opdam, M.E.A. Broekmeyer & F.H. Kistenkas, Identifying uncertainties in judging the significance of human impacts on Natura 2000 sites, Environmental Science & Policy 2009 (12) at p. 912-921 and
15. F.H. Kistenkas, Integrating and interpreting the Habitats and Birds Directives, Tilburg Foreign Law Review 2005 (12) at p. 255-265.
16. European Commission, Wind energy developments and Natura 2000, Guidance Document IP/10/1450 , Brussels 2010;
17. H.J. Lindeboom, Short-term ecological effects of an offshore windfarm in the Dutch coastal zone: a compilation, Environmental Research Letters 2011 (6) at p. 1-6 and
18. J.E. Winkelman, F.H. Kistenkas, M.J. Epe, Ecologische en natuurbeschermingsrechtelijke aspecten van windturbines op land, Alterra-report 1780, Wageningen 2008, p. 109 et seq.
19. F.H. Kistenkas, G. Aarts & M.T.H. de Gaay Fortman, Windenergie en duurzaamheid, Openbaar Bestuur 2011 (20) at p. 22-23.
20. See on nature friendly harbour dredging and deepening in the Wadden Sea: Mendelts & Boerema, supra, note 3.
21. G.H. Brundtland, Our common future, Oxford 1987.
22. C.C. Williams and A.C. Millington, The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development, The Geographical Journal 2004 (170) at p. 99-104
23. J. Robinson, Squaring the circle Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development, Ecological Economics 2004 (48) at p.369-384.
24. R. Giddings et al, Environment, economy and society. Fitting them together into sustainable development, Sustainable Development 2002 (10) at p. 187-196;
25. M. Verweij et al, Clumsy solutions for a complex world: the case of climate change 84 Public Administration 817-843
26. P.F.M. Opdam, Groen-blauwe netwerken in duurzame gebiedsontwikkeling, Habiforum, Wageningen 2009.
27. ICJ, Gabcikovo-Nagymaros (Hungary v. Slovakia), ICJ Rep 1997, par 140.
28. ICJ, Pulp Mills on the river Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), ICJ Rep 2010, par 177.
29. See on the principle of sustainable development growing towards a merely hard law instrument: A. Nollkaemper, Kern van het internationaal publiekrecht, The Hague 2011, at p. 381.
30. On the hardening of soft law towards a directing principle of environmental law: N. de Sadeleer, Environmental Principles. From Political Slogans to Legal Rules, Oxford 2002, at p. 305.
31. A/Res/59/227 (2005).
32. J.P. Balkenende (former prime minister of The Netherlands), Letter to Barroso, The Hague 13 July 2009 (3080107).
33. Cliquet, supra note 2 and Trouwborst, supra note 2.
34. Ebbeson, supra note 2, notably at p. 421.
35. Balkenende, supra note 15.
36. On goldplating: L. Squintani, The development of ecological corridors: member states obligation under Habitats and Birds Directives, JEEPL 2012 (9), p. 180 et seq.
37. See F.H. Kistenkas, Van toetsing naar weging Duurzame gebiedsontwikkeling en natuurwetgeving, Landschap 2011 (28) at p. 21.
38. The permission was granted on May 4 2010 by the Dutch regional government of Drenthe and is to be found under number 5.1/2010003932 at: www .drenthe.nl.
39. F.H. Kistenkas, Recht op de Noordzee, Openbaar Bestuur 2012 (21) at p. 16.
40. N. de Sadeleer, Environmental Principles. From Political Slogans to Legal Rules, Oxford 2002 at p. 289
41. J.H. Jans and H.H.B. Vedder, European Environmental Law. After Lisbon, Groningen 2012 at p. 8.
42. See also L. Krämer, European Community Environmental Law, London 2003.
43. According to Jans & Vedder, supra note 22 at p. 8 the importance of the concept sustainable development cannot be underestimated.
44. Mendelts & Boerema, supra, note 3.
45. De Sadeleer, supra note 22 at p. 289-303.
46. Nollkaemper, supra note 13 at p. 221.
47. J.M. Barroso, Letter of 26 October 2009 (D/2375) to the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Brussels 2009.
48. Cliquet et al, supra note 2 at p. 172.