Tracking Change in Abundance: The Living Planet Index

Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation: Bridging the Gap between Global Commitment and Local Action

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 71-94

  Collen, Ben ^a   McRae, Louise ^a   Loh, Jonathan ^c   Deinet, Stefanie ^a   De Palma, Adriana ^a   Manley, Robyn ^a   Baillie, Jonathan E M ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^b ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c WWF INTERNATIONAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Biodiversity change; Living planet index (LPI); Species based indicators; Vertebrate population abundance

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887222437     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118490747.ch4     Document Type: Chapter

References (68)

1. Balmford, A., Green, R.E., and Jenkins,M. (2003) Measuring the changing state of nature. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18, 326-330.
2. Balmford, A., Bennun, L.A., ten Brink, B., et al. (2005) The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 target. Science, 307, 212-213.
3. Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (2010) National Biodiversity Indicators Portal (http://www .bipnational.net/).
4. Buckland, S.T., Magurran, A.E., Green, R.E., and Fewster, R.M. (2005) Monitoring change in biodiversity through composite indices. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 360, 243-254.
5. Butchart, S.H.M., Walpole, M., Collen, B., et al. (2010) Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science, 328, 1164-1168.
6. Ceballos, G. and Ehrlich, P.R. (2002) Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis. Science, 296, 904-907.
7. Collen, B., McRae, L., Kothari, G., et al. (2008a) 2010 and Beyond: Rising to the Bbiodiversity Challenge. WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
8. Collen, B., Ram, M., Zamin, T., and McRae, L. (2008b) The tropical biodiversity data gap: addressing disparity in globalmonitoring. Tropical Conservation Science, 1, 75-88.Available at: tropicalconservationscience.org.
9. Collen, B., Loh, J., Whitmee, S., McRae, L., Amin, R., and Baillie, J.E.M. (2009a) Monitoring change in vertebrate abundance: the Living Planet Index. Conservation Biology, 23, 317-327.
10. Collen, B., Ram, M., Dewhurst, N., et al. (2009b) Broadening the coverage of biodiversity assessments. In: Vié, J.-C., Hilton-Taylor, C., and Stuart, S.N. (eds), Wildlife in a Changing World - An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, pp. 67-76.
11. Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Convention on Biological Diversity - National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans. Available at: http://www.cbd.int/nbsap/.
12. Craigie, I.D., Baillie, J.E.M., Balmford, A., et al. (2010) Large mammal population declines in Africa's protected areas. Biological Conservation, 143, 2221-2228.
13. Deinet, S., McRae, L., De Palma, A., Loh, J., Manley, R., and Collen, B. (2010) The Living Planet Index for Global Estuarine Systems. WWF Netherlands.
14. Dudgeon, D.,Arthington, A.H.,Gessner,M.O., et al. (2005) Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Review, 81, 163-182.
15. Dulvy, N.K., Sadovy, Y., and Reynolds, J.D. (2003) Extinction vulnerability in marine populations. Fish and Fisheries, 4, 25-64.
16. Duncan, J.R. and Lockwood, J.L. (2001) Extinction in a field of bullets: a search for causes in the decline of the world's freshwater fishes. Biological Conservation, 102, 97-105.
17. Ehemann, C. (2007) Evaluating and adjusting for chain drift in national economic accounts. Journal of Economics and Business, 59, 256-273.
18. Fewster, R.M., Buckland, S.T., Siriwardena, G.M., Baillie, S.R., andWilson, J.D. (2000) Analysis of population trends for farmland birds using generalized additive models. Ecology, 81, 1970-1984.
19. Frisch, R. (1936) Annual survey of economic theory: The problem of index numbers. Econometrica, 4, 1-39.
20. Galewski,T. (2008) Towards an observatory of Mediterranean wetlands: Evolution of biodiversity from 1970 to the present. Tour du Valat.
21. Galewski, T., Loh, J.,McRae, L., Collen, B., Grillas, P., and Devictor, V. (2011) Long-term trends in the abundance of Mediterranean wetland vertebrates: from global recovery to localized declines. Biological Conservation, 144, 1392-1399.
22. Gaston, K.J. (2010) Valuing common species. Science, 327, 154-155.
23. Gaston, K.J. and Fuller, R.A. (2008) Commonness, population depletion and conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 14-19.
24. Gregory, R.D., van Strien, A., Vorisek, P., et al. (2005) Developing indicators for European birds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 360, 269-288.
25. Halpern, B.S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K.A., et al. (2008) A globalmap of human impact onmarine ecosystems. Science, 319, 948-952.
26. Houlahan, J.E., Findlay, C.S., Schmidt, B.R., Meyer, A.H., and Kuzmin, S.L. (2000) Quantitative evidence for global amphibian population declines. Nature, 404, 752-755.
27. Jablonski, D., Roy, K., and Valentine, J.W. (2006) Out of the tropics: dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient. Science, 314, 102-106.
28. Latham, J., Collen, B.,McRae, L., and Loh, J. (2008) The Living Planet Index forMigratory Species: An Index of Change in Population Abundance. Convention on Migratory Species, United Nations Environment Programme.
29. Loh, J. (2000) Living Planet Report 2000. WWF, Gland.
30. Loh, J. (2002) Living Planet Report 2002. WWF, Gland.
31. Loh, J. and Goldfinger, S. (2006) Living Planet Report 2006. WWF, Gland.
32. Loh, J. and Wackernagel, M. (2004) Living Planet Report 2004. WWF, Gland.
33. Loh, J., Green, R.E., Ricketts, T., et al. (2005) The Living Planet Index: using species population time series to track trends in biodiversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 360, 289-295.
34. Loh, J., Collen, B., McRae, L., et al. (2006) The Living Planet Index. In: Loh, J. and Goldfinger, S. (eds), Living Planet Report 2006. WWF, Gland.
35. Loh, J., Collen, B., McRae, L., et al. (2008) The Living Planet Index. In: Hails, C. (ed.), Living Planet Report 2008. WWF International.
36. Loh, J., Collen, B., McRae, L., et al. (2010) The Living Planet Index. In: Almond, R. (ed.), The Living Planet Report 2010. WWF International, Gland.
37. Lotze, H.K. and Worm, B. (2009) Historical baselines for large marine mammals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24, 254-262.
38. Lotze, H., Lenihan, H.S., Bourque, B.J., et al. (2006) Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science, 312, 1806-1809.
39. Mace, G.M. (2008) An index of intactness. Nature, 434, 32-33.
40. Mace, G.M. and Baillie, J.E.M. (2007) The 2010 Biodiversity Indicators: challenges for science and policy. Conservation Biology, 21, 1406-1413.
41. Mace, G.M., Gittleman, J.L., and Purvis, A. (2003) Preserving the tree of life. Science, 300, 1707-1709.
42. Marsh, D.M. and Trenham, P.C. (2008) Current trends in plant and animal population monitoring. Conservation Biology, 33, 647-655.
43. McRae, L., Loh, J., Collen, B., et al. (2007) A Living Planet Index for Canada. WWF, Canada.
44. McRae, L., Loh, J., Bubb, P.J., Baillie, J.E.M., Kapos, V., and Collen, B. (2008) The Living Planet Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. United Nations Environment Programme -World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge.
45. McRae, L., Zockler, C., Gill, M., et al. (2010) Arctic Species Trend Index 2010: Tracking trends in Arctic wildlife. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program Report No. 20.
46. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: biodiversity synthesis.World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
47. Milner-Gulland, E.J. and Bennett, E.L. (2003) Wild meat: the bigger picture. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18, 351-357.
48. National Environment Management Authority (2006) Third National Biodiversity Report for the Convention on Biological Diversity. National Environment Management Authority, Kampala, 166 pp.
49. National Environment Management Authority (2008) State of Environment Report for Uganda. National Environment Management Authority, Kampala, 265 pp.
50. National Environment Management Authority Ministry of Water and Environment (2009) Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. National Environment Management Authority, Kampala, 132 pp.
51. NERC Centre for Population Biology Imperial College London. (2010) The Global Population Dynamics Database. Imperial College London. Available at: http://www.imperial.ac .uk/cpb/databases/gpdd.
52. Owens, I.P.F. and Bennett, P.M. (2000) Ecological basis of extinction risk in birds: habitat loss versus human persecution and introduced predators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97, 12144-12148.
53. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring (2006) European Common Bird Index: Population Trends of European Common Birds 2005 Update. EBCC - European Bird Census Council.
54. Pauly, D. (1995) Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 430.
55. Pereira, H.M. and Cooper, H.D. (2006) Towards the global monitoring of biodiversity change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21, 123-129.
56. Pomeroy, D. and Tushabe, H. (2008) The State of Uganda's Biodiversity 2008. National Biodiversity Databank and Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Kampala, Uganda.
57. Pomeroy, D. andTushabe,H. (2010) The State of Ugands's Biodiversity 2010. NationalBiodiversity Databank and Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Kampala.
58. Sauer, J.R., Hines, J.E., and Fallon, J. (2008) The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966-2007. USGS PatuxentWildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD.
59. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. United Nations Environment Programme, Montreal, 94 pp.
60. Soldaat, L., Visser, H., van Roomen,M., and van Strien, A. (2007) Smoothing and trend detection in waterbird monitoring data using structural time-series analysis and the Kalman filter. Journal of Ornithology 148, 351-357.
61. Thurstan, R.H., Brockington, S., and Roberts, C.M. (2010) The effects of 118 years of industrial fishing on UK bottom trawl fisheries. Nature Communications, 1, 1-6.
62. UNEP (2006) Report on the Eighth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Convention on Biological Diversity.
63. Vitousek, P.M., Mooney, H.A., Lubchenco, J., and Melillo, J.M. (1997) Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science, 277, 494-499.
64. Walpole, M., Almond, R., Besançon, C., et al. (2009) Tracking progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target and beyond. Science, 325, 1503-1504.
65. Whitfield, S.M., Bell, K.E., Philippi, T., et al. (2007) Amphibian and reptile declines over 35 years at La Selva, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103, 3165-3170.
66. Willis, K.J., Araujo, M.B., Bennett, K.D., Figueroa-Rangel, B., Froyd, C.A., andMyers, N. (2007) How can a knowledge of the past help to conserve the future? Biodiversity conservation and the relevance of long-term ecological studies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 362, 175-186.
67. WWF Norway (2005) Naturindeks for Norge 2005 - Utfor bake med norsk nature. WWF Norway.
68. Xu, H., Tang, X., Liu, J., et al. (2009) China's progress toward the significant reduction of the rate of biodiversity loss. BioScience, 59(10), 843-852.