메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2009, Pages

Estimating mass properties of dinosaurs using laser imaging and 3D computer modelling

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; COMPUTER MODEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DINOSAUR; EXTINCT SPECIES; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; LASER; NONHUMAN; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SKELETON; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

EID: 84887212585     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004532     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (108)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0008363812 scopus 로고
    • The weight of the Brontosaurus
    • Gregory WK (1905) The weight of the Brontosaurus. Science, new series 22: 572.
    • (1905) Science, new series , vol.22 , pp. 572
    • Gregory, W.K.1
  • 2
    • 0001888246 scopus 로고
    • The weights of dinosaurs
    • Colbert EH (1962) The weights of dinosaurs. American Mus Novit 2181: 1-24.
    • (1962) American Mus Novit , vol.2181 , pp. 1-24
    • Colbert, E.H.1
  • 5
    • 21844515658 scopus 로고
    • Body mass, bone 'strength indicator' and cursorial potential of Tyrannosaurus rex
    • Farlow JO, Smith MB, Robinson JM (1995) Body mass, bone 'strength indicator' and cursorial potential of Tyrannosaurus rex. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15: 713-725.
    • (1995) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.15 , pp. 713-725
    • Farlow, J.O.1    Smith, M.B.2    Robinson, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0032992693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the Masses and Centers of Masses of Extinct Animals by 3-D Mathematical Slicing
    • Henderson DM (1999) Estimating the Masses and Centers of Masses of Extinct Animals by 3-D Mathematical Slicing. Paleobiology 25: 88-106.
    • (1999) Paleobiology , vol.25 , pp. 88-106
    • Henderson, D.M.1
  • 7
    • 34248182091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: Application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex
    • Hutchinson JR, Thow-Hing VN, Anderson FC (2007) A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: Application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex. Journal of Theoretical Biology 246: 660-680.
    • (2007) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.246 , pp. 660-680
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1    Thow-Hing, V.N.2    Anderson, F.C.3
  • 8
    • 0025209615 scopus 로고
    • Rarity in Neotropical Forest Mammals and Its Ecological Correlates
    • Arita HT, Robinson JG, Redford KH (1990) Rarity in Neotropical Forest Mammals and Its Ecological Correlates. Conservation Biology 4: 181-192.
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 181-192
    • Arita, H.T.1    Robinson, J.G.2    Redford, K.H.3
  • 9
    • 0029768298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation Implications of Geographic Range Size - Body Size Relationships
    • Gaston KJ, Blackburn TM (1996) Conservation Implications of Geographic Range Size - Body Size Relationships. Conservation Biology 10: 638-646.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 638-646
    • Gaston, K.J.1    Blackburn, T.M.2
  • 10
    • 0032759643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between geographic range size, body size, local abundance and habitat breadth in North America suckers and sunfishes
    • Pyron M (1999) Relationships between geographic range size, body size, local abundance and habitat breadth in North America suckers and sunfishes. Journal of Biogeography 26: 549-558.
    • (1999) Journal of Biogeography , vol.26 , pp. 549-558
    • Pyron, M.1
  • 11
    • 0019446386 scopus 로고
    • Population density and body size in mammals
    • Damuth J (1981) Population density and body size in mammals. Nature 290: 699-700.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.290 , pp. 699-700
    • Damuth, J.1
  • 12
    • 0026021583 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between abundance and body size in British Birds
    • Nee S, Read AF, Greenwood JJD, Harvey PH (1991) The relationship between abundance and body size in British Birds. Nature 351: 312-313.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 312-313
    • Nee, S.1    Read, A.F.2    Greenwood, J.J.D.3    Harvey, P.H.4
  • 13
    • 0024218675 scopus 로고
    • Relating body size to the rate of home range use in Mammals
    • Swihart RK, Slade NA, Bergstrom BJ (1988) Relating body size to the rate of home range use in Mammals. Ecology 69: 393-399.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 393-399
    • Swihart, R.K.1    Slade, N.A.2    Bergstrom, B.J.3
  • 14
    • 0001733725 scopus 로고
    • Uber die Verhaltnisse der Warmeokonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grosse
    • Bergmann C (1847) Uber die Verhaltnisse der Warmeokonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grosse. Goettinger Studien. Part 1.
    • (1847) Goettinger Studien , Issue.PART 1
    • Bergmann, C.1
  • 16
    • 0022843967 scopus 로고
    • Body size, ecological dominance and Cope's rule
    • Brown JH, Maurer BA (1986) Body size, ecological dominance and Cope's rule. Nature 324: 248-250.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.324 , pp. 248-250
    • Brown, J.H.1    Maurer, B.A.2
  • 18
    • 0004220091 scopus 로고
    • New York: Scientific American Books. 242 p
    • Stanley SM (1986a) Extinction. New York: Scientific American Books. 242 p.
    • (1986) Extinction
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 19
    • 0022845791 scopus 로고
    • Population size, extinction, and speciation: The fission effect in Neogene Bivalvia
    • Stanley SM (1986b) Population size, extinction, and speciation: the fission effect in Neogene Bivalvia. Paleobiology 12: 89-110.
    • (1986) Paleobiology , vol.12 , pp. 89-110
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 20
    • 0025624539 scopus 로고
    • Delayed recovery and the spacing of major extinctions
    • Stanley SM (1990) Delayed recovery and the spacing of major extinctions. Paleobiology. pp 410-414.
    • (1990) Paleobiology , pp. 410-414
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 22
    • 0001519151 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary size increase and longevity in Jurassic bivalves and ammonites
    • Hallam A (1975) Evolutionary size increase and longevity in Jurassic bivalves and ammonites. Nature 258: 493-496.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.258 , pp. 493-496
    • Hallam, A.1
  • 23
    • 0002844834 scopus 로고
    • Biotic and abiotic factors in the evolution of early Mesozoic marine molluscs
    • Ross RM, Allmon WD, eds, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp
    • Hallam A (1990) Biotic and abiotic factors in the evolution of early Mesozoic marine molluscs. In: Ross RM, Allmon WD, eds. Causes of evolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp 249-269.
    • (1990) Causes of evolution , pp. 249-269
    • Hallam, A.1
  • 24
    • 0013109906 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of large size
    • Briggs DEG, Crowther PR, eds, Oxford: Blackwells. pp
    • Benton MJ (1989) Evolution of large size. In: Briggs DEG, Crowther PR, eds. Palaeobiology: A synthesis. Oxford: Blackwells. pp 147-152.
    • (1989) Palaeobiology: A synthesis , pp. 147-152
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 25
    • 3543128914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual-level selection as a cause of Cope's Rule of phyletic size increase
    • Kingsolver JG, Pfennig DW (2004) Individual-level selection as a cause of Cope's Rule of phyletic size increase. Evolution 58: 1608-1612.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 1608-1612
    • Kingsolver, J.G.1    Pfennig, D.W.2
  • 26
    • 21344437846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body-size evolution in the Dinosauria
    • Carrano MT, Blob RW, Gaudin TJ, Wible JR, eds, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp
    • Carrano MT (2006) Body-size evolution in the Dinosauria. In: Carrano MT, Blob RW, Gaudin TJ, Wible JR, eds. Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp 225-268.
    • (2006) Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles , pp. 225-268
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 27
    • 0002694463 scopus 로고
    • The evolution and ecology of body size
    • Raup DM, Jablonski D, eds, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp
    • LaBarbara M (1986) The evolution and ecology of body size. In: Raup DM, Jablonski D, eds. Patterns and processes in the history of life. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp 69-98.
    • (1986) Patterns and processes in the history of life , pp. 69-98
    • LaBarbara, M.1
  • 28
    • 0002160633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and Macroevolution
    • Jablonski DM, Erwin H, Lipps JH, eds, Valentine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp
    • Jablonski DM (1996) Body size and Macroevolution. In: Jablonski DM, Erwin H, Lipps JH, eds. Evolutionary Palaeobiology: In honor of James W. Valentine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp 211-256.
    • (1996) Evolutionary Palaeobiology: In honor of James W , pp. 211-256
    • Jablonski, D.M.1
  • 29
    • 0020788236 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: The scaling of duty factor, bone curvature and limb orientation to body size
    • Biewener AA (1983) Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: the scaling of duty factor, bone curvature and limb orientation to body size. Journal of Experimental Biology 105: 147-171.
    • (1983) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.105 , pp. 147-171
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 30
    • 0024410483 scopus 로고
    • Scaling body support in mammals: Limb posture and muscle mechanics
    • Biewener AA (1989) Scaling body support in mammals: limb posture and muscle mechanics. Science 245: 45-48.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 45-48
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 31
    • 0001250601 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs
    • Coombs WP (1978) Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs. Quarterly Review of Biology 53: 393-418.
    • (1978) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.53 , pp. 393-418
    • Coombs, W.P.1
  • 32
    • 0036894256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: The influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed
    • Christiansen P (2002) Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 685-714.
    • (2002) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.136 , pp. 685-714
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 33
    • 0037186557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner
    • Hutchinson JR, Garcia M (2002) Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner. Nature 415: 1018-1021.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 1018-1021
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1    Garcia, M.2
  • 34
    • 0036748434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential scaling of locomotor performance in small and large terrestrial mammals
    • Iriate-Diaz J (2002) Differential scaling of locomotor performance in small and large terrestrial mammals. The Journal of Experimental Biology 205: 2897-2908.
    • (2002) The Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.205 , pp. 2897-2908
    • Iriate-Diaz, J.1
  • 35
    • 35048856404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating dinosaur maximum running speeds using evolutionary robotics
    • Sellers WI, Manning PL (2007) Estimating dinosaur maximum running speeds using evolutionary robotics. The Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274: 2711-2716.
    • (2007) The Proceedings of the Royal Society , vol.B 274 , pp. 2711-2716
    • Sellers, W.I.1    Manning, P.L.2
  • 37
    • 0001823544 scopus 로고
    • Hind limb scaling in birds and other theropods: Implications for terrestrial locomotion
    • Gatesy SM (1991) Hind limb scaling in birds and other theropods: implications for terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Morphology 209: 83-96.
    • (1991) Journal of Morphology , vol.209 , pp. 83-96
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 38
    • 0000842710 scopus 로고
    • Bipedal locomotion: Effects of size, speed and limb posture in birds and humans
    • Gatesy SM, Biewener AA (1991) Bipedal locomotion: effects of size, speed and limb posture in birds and humans. J Zool (Lond) 224: 127-147.
    • (1991) J Zool (Lond) , vol.224 , pp. 127-147
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 39
    • 0033269440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: Evidence for differential allometry
    • Christiansen P (1999) Long-bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: evidence for differential allometry. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 666-680.
    • (1999) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.19 , pp. 666-680
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 40
    • 0035017241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs
    • Carrano MT (2001) Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology, London 254: 41-55.
    • (2001) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.254 , pp. 41-55
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 42
  • 46
    • 0036059299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DinoMorph: Parametric Modeling of Skeletal Structures
    • Stevens KA (2002) DinoMorph: Parametric Modeling of Skeletal Structures. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82: 23-34.
    • (2002) Senckenbergiana Lethaea , vol.82 , pp. 23-34
    • Stevens, K.A.1
  • 47
    • 63949084927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rex, sit: Modeling Tyrannosaurid postures
    • Carpenter K, Larson PL, eds, Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp
    • Stevens KA, Larson PL, Wills ED, Anderson A (2008) Rex, sit: Modeling Tyrannosaurid postures. In: Carpenter K, Larson PL, eds. Tyrannosaurus rex: the Tyrant King. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp 435.
    • (2008) Tyrannosaurus rex: The Tyrant King , pp. 435
    • Stevens, K.A.1    Larson, P.L.2    Wills, E.D.3    Anderson, A.4
  • 48
    • 3042545129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Integrated Approach to Three-Dimensional Data Collection at Dinosaur Tracksites in the Rocky Mountain West
    • Breithaupt BH, Matthews NA, Noble TA (2004) An Integrated Approach to Three-Dimensional Data Collection at Dinosaur Tracksites in the Rocky Mountain West. Ichnos 11: 11-26.
    • (2004) Ichnos , vol.11 , pp. 11-26
    • Breithaupt, B.H.1    Matthews, N.A.2    Noble, T.A.3
  • 49
    • 47949103694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional modelling and analysis of dinosaur trackways
    • Bates KT, Manning PL, Vila B, Hodgetts D (2008) Three dimensional modelling and analysis of dinosaur trackways. Palaeontology 51: 999-1010.
    • (2008) Palaeontology , vol.51 , pp. 999-1010
    • Bates, K.T.1    Manning, P.L.2    Vila, B.3    Hodgetts, D.4
  • 50
    • 39049126269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution LiDAR and photogrammetric survey of the Fumanya dinosaur tracksites (Catalonia): Implications for the conservation and interpretation of geological heritage sites
    • Bates KT, Rarity F, Manning PL, Hodgetts D, Vila B, Oms O, Galobart A, Gawthorpe RL (2008) High-resolution LiDAR and photogrammetric survey of the Fumanya dinosaur tracksites (Catalonia): Implications for the conservation and interpretation of geological heritage sites. Journal of the Geological Society, London 165: 115-127.
    • (2008) Journal of the Geological Society, London , vol.165 , pp. 115-127
    • Bates, K.T.1    Rarity, F.2    Manning, P.L.3    Hodgetts, D.4    Vila, B.5    Oms, O.6    Galobart, A.7    Gawthorpe, R.L.8
  • 51
    • 14844350144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital Outcrop Models: Applications of Terrestrial Scanning LIDAR Technology in stratigraphic modelling
    • Bellian JA, Kerans C, Jennette DC (2005) Digital Outcrop Models: Applications of Terrestrial Scanning LIDAR Technology in stratigraphic modelling. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75: 166-176.
    • (2005) Journal of Sedimentary Research , vol.75 , pp. 166-176
    • Bellian, J.A.1    Kerans, C.2    Jennette, D.C.3
  • 53
    • 22444442306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs
    • O'Connor PM, Claessens LPAM (2005) Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature 436: 253-256.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 253-256
    • O'Connor, P.M.1    Claessens, L.P.A.M.2
  • 54
    • 33947307764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postcranial pneumaticity: An evaluation of soft-tissue inferences on the postcranial skeleton and the reconstruction of pulmonary anatomy in archosaurs
    • O'Connor PM (2006) Postcranial pneumaticity: an evaluation of soft-tissue inferences on the postcranial skeleton and the reconstruction of pulmonary anatomy in archosaurs. Journal of Morphology 267: 1199-1226.
    • (2006) Journal of Morphology , vol.267 , pp. 1199-1226
    • O'Connor, P.M.1
  • 55
    • 0002512690 scopus 로고
    • The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils
    • Thomason JJ, ed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp
    • Witmer L (1995) The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils. In: Thomason JJ, ed. Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp 19-33.
    • (1995) Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology , pp. 19-33
    • Witmer, L.1
  • 56
    • 7044222264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running. II. Extinct taxa
    • Hutchinson JR (2004) Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running. II. Extinct taxa. Journal of Morphology 262: 441-461.
    • (2004) Journal of Morphology , vol.262 , pp. 441-461
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 57
    • 84887213243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis in evolutionary robotic simulations of theropod dinosaur locomotion
    • Bates KT (2007) Sensitivity analysis in evolutionary robotic simulations of theropod dinosaur locomotion. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 Supplement: 45.
    • (2007) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL.EMENT 45
    • Bates, K.T.1
  • 58
    • 33751251081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle architecture and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus)
    • Smith NC, Wilson AM, Jespers KJ, Payne RC (2006) Muscle architecture and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Journal of Anatomy 209: 765-779.
    • (2006) Journal of Anatomy , vol.209 , pp. 765-779
    • Smith, N.C.1    Wilson, A.M.2    Jespers, K.J.3    Payne, R.C.4
  • 59
    • 0442323212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrannosaurus en pointe: Allometry minimized rotational inertia of large carnivorous dinosaurs
    • Henderson DM, Snively E (2004) Tyrannosaurus en pointe: allometry minimized rotational inertia of large carnivorous dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society London (Supplement) 271: 57-60.
    • (2004) Proceedings of the Royal Society London , vol.271 , Issue.SUPPL.EMENT , pp. 57-60
    • Henderson, D.M.1    Snively, E.2
  • 60
    • 0035712461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating body mass from silhouettes: Testing the assumption of elliptical body cross-sections
    • Motani R (2001) Estimating body mass from silhouettes: testing the assumption of elliptical body cross-sections. Paleobiology 27: 735-750.
    • (2001) Paleobiology , vol.27 , pp. 735-750
    • Motani, R.1
  • 62
    • 0004164322 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press. 772 p
    • Romer AS (1956) Osteology of the Reptiles. Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press. 772 p.
    • (1956) Osteology of the Reptiles
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 64
  • 65
    • 0035992579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pelvic and hind limb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex
    • Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR (2002) The pelvic and hind limb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex. Journal of Morphology 253: 207-228.
    • (2002) Journal of Morphology , vol.253 , pp. 207-228
    • Carrano, M.T.1    Hutchinson, J.R.2
  • 66
    • 34548759629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional Variation of Neck Muscles and Their Relation to Feeding Style in Tyrannosauridae and Other Large Theropod Dinosaurs
    • Snively E, Russell AP (2007) Functional Variation of Neck Muscles and Their Relation to Feeding Style in Tyrannosauridae and Other Large Theropod Dinosaurs. The Anatomical Record 290: 934-957.
    • (2007) The Anatomical Record , vol.290 , pp. 934-957
    • Snively, E.1    Russell, A.P.2
  • 67
    • 0025591944 scopus 로고
    • Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of Theropod Locomotion
    • Gatesy SM (1990) Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of Theropod Locomotion. Paleobiology 16: 170-186.
    • (1990) Paleobiology , vol.16 , pp. 170-186
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 68
    • 0002395147 scopus 로고
    • Functional evolution of the hindlimb and tail from basal theropods to birds
    • Thomason JJ, ed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp
    • Gatesy SM (1995) Functional evolution of the hindlimb and tail from basal theropods to birds. In: Thomason JJ, ed. Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp 219-234.
    • (1995) Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology , pp. 219-234
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 69
    • 0002937196 scopus 로고
    • The pelvic musculature of the dinosaur Hypsilophodon (Reptilia: Ornithischia)
    • Peabody Museum, Yale University. 64 p
    • Galton PM (1969) The pelvic musculature of the dinosaur Hypsilophodon (Reptilia: Ornithischia). Postilla, 131 Peabody Museum, Yale University. 64 p.
    • (1969) Postilla , vol.131
    • Galton, P.M.1
  • 70
    • 0034653354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana
    • Dilkes DW (2000) Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana. Trans R Soc Edinb, Earth Sci 90: 87-125.
    • (2000) Trans R Soc Edinb, Earth Sci , vol.90 , pp. 87-125
    • Dilkes, D.W.1
  • 71
    • 85010520696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: Insights from a Nearly Complete Skeleton and High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Analysis of the Skull. Memoir of Society of Vertebrate
    • Brochu CA (2003) Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: Insights from a Nearly Complete Skeleton and High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Analysis of the Skull. Memoir of Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 7: 1-138.
    • (2003) Paleontology , vol.7 , pp. 1-138
    • Brochu, C.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.