A Primary Cause of Partisanship? Nomination Systems and Legislator Ideology

American Journal of Political Science

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 337-351

  Mcghee, Eric ^a   Masket, Seth ^b   Shor, Boris ^c   Rogers, Steven ^d   Mccarty, Nolan ^e  

^a PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^d VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887044167     PISSN: 00925853     EISSN: 15405907     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12070     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Ahler, Douglas J., Jack Citrin, and Gabriel S. Lenz 2013. "Do Open Primaries Help Moderate Candidates? An Experimental Test on the 2012 Primary." Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley.
2. Aldrich, John H. 1983. "A Downsian Spatial Model with Party Activism." American Political Science Review 77(December): 974-90.
3. Alvarez, Michael R., and Jonathan Nagler 2002. "Party System Compactness: Measurement and Consequences." Political Analysis 12(1): 46-62.
4. Alvarez, Michael R., and Betsy Sinclair 2012. "Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: The Effects of Primary Processes." Political Research Quarterly 65: 544-57.
5. Aranson, Peter H., and Peter C. Ordenshook 1972. "Spatial Strategies for Sequential Elections." In Probability Models of Collective Decision Making, ed. R. G. Niemi and H. F. Weisberg Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill, 298-331.
6. Bailey, Delia, and Ferdinand Alimadhi 2007. "ls.mixed: Mixed Effects Linear Model. Kosuke Imai, Gary King, and Olivia Lau, Zelig: Everyone's Statistical Software." http://gking.harvard.edu/zelig.
7. Bishin, Benjamin. 2009. Tyranny of the Minority: The Subconstituency Politics Theory of Representation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
8. Brady, David W., Hahrie Han, and Jeremy C. Pope 2007. "Primary Elections and Candidate Ideology: Out of Step with the Primary Electorate?" Legislative Studies Quarterly 32(1): 79-106.
9. Bullock, Will, and Joshua D. Clinton 2011. "More a Molehill than a Mountain: The Effects of the Blanket Primary on Elected Officials' Behavior from California." Journal of Politics 73(3): 915-30.
10. Cadigan, John, and Eckhard Janeba 2002. "A Citizen-Candidate Model with Sequential Elections." Journal of Theoretical Politics 14(4): 387-407.
11. Chen, Kong-Pin, and Sheng-Zhang Yang 2002. "Strategic Voting in Open Primaries." Public Choice 112(1/2): 1-30.
12. Cherry, Todd L., and Stephan Kroll 2003. "Crashing the Party: An Experimental Investigation of Strategic Voting in Primary Elections." Public Choice 114(3-4): 387-420.
13. Clark, Tom S., and Drew A. Linzer 2012. "Should I Use Fixed or Random Effects?" Unpublished manuscript, Emory University.
14. Cohen, Marty, David Karol, Hans Noel, and John Zaller 2008. The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations before and after Reform. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15. Cooper, Alexandra, and Michael C. Munger 2000. "The (Un)Predictability of Primaries with Many Candidates: Simulation Evidence." Public Choice 103(3-4): 337-55.
16. Cox, Gary W. 1987. "Electoral Equilibria under Alternative Voting Institutions." American Journal of Political Science 31(February): 82-108.
17. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
18. Fiorina, Morris P., Samuel J. Abrams, and Jeremy C. Pope 2005. Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. New York: Pearson Longman.
19. Geer, John G. 1988. "Assessing the Representativeness of Electorates in Presidential Primaries." American Journal of Political Science 32(4): 929-45.
20. Gelman, Andrew, and Jennifer Hill 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. New York: Cambridge University Press.
21. Gerber, Elizabeth R., and Rebecca B. Morton 1998. "Primary Election Systems and Representation." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 14(2): 304-24.
22. Hirano, Shigeo, James M. Snyder Jr., Stephen Ansolabehere, and John Mark Hansen 2008. "Primary Competition and Partisan Polarization in the U.S. Senate." Unpublished manuscript, Columbia University.
23. Ho, Daniel, Kosuke Imai, Gary King, and Elizabeth Stuart 2007. "Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference." Political Analysis 15(3): 199-236.
24. Ho, Daniel, Kosuke Imai, Gary King, and Elizabeth Stuart 2008. "Matchit: Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference." Journal of Statistical Software 171: 481-502.
25. Imai, Kosuke, Gary King, and Olivia Lau 2007. ls: Least Squares Regression for Continuous Dependent Variables. Kosuke Imai, Gary King, and Olivia Lau, Zelig: Everyone's Statistical Software. http://gking.harvard.edu/zelig.
26. Kang, Insun. 2007. "Open Primaries and Crossover Voting." Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
27. Kanthak, Kristin, and Rebecca Morton 2001. "The Effects of Electoral Rules on Congressional Primaries." In Congressional Primaries and the Politics of Representation, ed. Peter F. Galderisi, Marni Ezra, and Michael Lyons Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 116-31.
28. King, Gary, and Langche Zheng 2006. "The Dangers of Extreme Counterfactuals." Political Analysis 14: 131-59.
29. Kousser, Thad. 2010. "Does Partisan Polarization Lead to Policy Gridlock in California?" California Journal of Politics and Policy 2(2), http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cjpp.
30. Kousser, Thad, Jeffrey B. Lewis, and Seth E. Masket 2007. "Ideological Adaptation? The Survival Instinct of Threatened Legislators." Journal of Politics 69(3): 828-43.
31. Kousser, Thad, Justin H. Phillips, and Boris Shor 2013. "Reform and Representation: Assessing California's Top-Two Primary and Redistricting Commission." Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
32. Levendusky, Matthew S., Jeremy C. Pope, and Simon D. Jackman 2008. "Measuring District-Level Partisanship with Implications for the Analysis of U.S. Elections" Journal of Politics 70(3): 736-53.
33. Masket, Seth E. 2007. "It Takes an Outsider: Extralegislative Organization and Partisanship in the California Assembly, 1849-2006." American Journal of Political Science 51(3): 482-97.
34. Masket, Seth E. 2009. No Middle Ground: How Informal Party Organizations Control Nominations and Polarize Legislatures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
35. McCarty, Nolan, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal 2006. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. McGhee, Eric. 2010. Open Primaries. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California.
37. Mowry, George Edwin. 1951. The California Progressives. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
38. Norrander, Barbara. 1989. "Ideological Representativeness of Presidential Primary Voters." American Journal of Political Science 33(3): 570-87.
39. Norrander, Barbara, Keri Stephens, and Jay L. Wendland 2013. "Primary Type, Polarization of State Electorates and the Ideological Composition of Primary Electorates." Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
40. Oak, Mandar P. 2006. "On the Role of Primary System in Candidate Selection." Economics and Politics 18(2): 169-90.
41. Owen, Guillerrom, and Bernard Grofman 2006. "Two-Stage Electoral Competition in Two-Party Contests: Persistent Divergence of Party Positions." Social Choice and Welfare 26: 547-69.
42. Pearson, Kathryn, and Jennifer L. Lawless 2008. "Primary Competition and Polarization in the U.S. House of Representatives." Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota.
43. Poole, Keith T. 2007. "Changing Minds? Not in Congress!" Public Choice 131: 435-51.
44. Ranney, Austin. 1975. Curing the Mischiefs of Faction: Party Reform in America. Jefferson Memorial Lectures. Berkeley: University of California Press.
45. Rogowski, Jon C. 2012. "Primary Systems, Candidate Platforms, and Ideological Extremity." Unpublished manuscript, Washington University in St. Louis.
46. Rosenblum, Nancy L. 2008. On the Side of the Angels: An Appreciation of Parties and Partisanship. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
47. Salvanto, Anthony M., and Martin P. Wattenberg 2002. "Peeking Under the Blanket: A Direct Look at Crossover Voting in the 1998 Primary." In Voting at the Political Faultline: California's Experiment with the Blanket Primary, ed. Bruce Cain and Elisabeth Gerber Berkeley: University of California Press, 124-42.
48. Schattschneider, E. E. 1942. Party Government. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
49. Shor, Boris, and Nolan M. McCarty 2011. "The Ideological Mapping of American Legislatures." American Political Science Review 105(3): 530-51.
50. Sides, John, Jack Citrin, and Jonathan Cohen 2002. "The Causes and Consequences of Crossover Voting in the 1998 California Election." In Voting at the Political Faultline: California's Experiment with the Blanket Primary, ed. Bruce Cain and Elisabeth Gerber Berkeley: University of California Press, 77-106.
51. Southwell, Priscilla L. 1991. "Open versus Closed Primaries: The Effect on Strategic Voting and Candidate Fortunes." Social Science Quarterly 44(4): 789-96.
52. Stoll, Heather, Gary King, and Langche Zheng 2005. "What If: Software for Evaluating Counterfactuals." Journal of Statistical Software 15. http://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php?vol=15.
53. Tausanovitch, Chris, and Christopher Warshaw 2013. "Measuring Constituent Policy Preferences in Congress, State Legislatures, and Cities." Journal of Politics 75(2): 330-42.
54. Theriault, Sean M. 2008. Party Polarization in Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
55. Vocke, William C., Jr. 2010. "Open Primaries: William Vocke Interviews Abel Maldonado, Lieutenant Governor of California." http://www.cceia.org/resources/transcripts/0282.html.
56. Wood, Daniel B. 2010. "California Budget 'Emergency': Bid to Recoup $6 Billion in Pensions." Christian Science Monitor, July 29. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Po, July 29, 2010 http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2010/0729/California-budget-emergency-bid-to-recoup-6-billion-in-pensionslitics/2010/0729/California-budget-emergency-bid-to-recoup-6-billion-in-pensions.
57. Wright, Gerald C., and Brian F. Schaffner 2002. "The Influence of Party: Evidence from the State Legislatures." American Political Science Review 96(2): 367-79.