Does a High Dietary Acid Content Cause Bone Loss, and Can Bone Loss Be Prevented With an Alkaline Diet?

Journal of Clinical Densitometry

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 420-425

  Hanley, David A ^a   Whiting, Susan J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acid ash hypothesis; Acid base balance; Alkaline potassium; Fruits and vegetables

Indexed keywords

ACID; BICARBONATE; CALCIUM; CALCIUM ION; CITRATE POTASSIUM; CITRIC ACID; MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM BICARBONATE; PROTEIN; SODIUM; SODIUM CHLORIDE; VITAMIN D;

ACID BASE BALANCE; ALKALINITY; ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; BONE METABOLISM; BONE TURNOVER; CALCIUM ABSORPTION; CALCIUM BALANCE; CALCIUM EXCRETION; CALCIUM INTAKE; CALCIUM URINE LEVEL; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE; FALL RISK; FOLLOW UP; FRUIT; FRUITARIAN DIET; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NUTRIENT UPTAKE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PHOSPHATE INTAKE; PORTION SIZE; POSTMENOPAUSE; POTASSIUM INTAKE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONTENT; PROTEIN INTAKE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SODIUM INTAKE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); URINARY EXCRETION; VEGETABLE; VEGETARIAN DIET;

ACID-ASH HYPOTHESIS; ACID-BASE BALANCE; ALKALINE POTASSIUM; FRUITS AND VEGETABLES;

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM; ACIDS; ALKALIES; BONE AND BONES; BONE DENSITY; FOOD HABITS; HUMANS; OSTEOPOROSIS; POTASSIUM, DIETARY;

EID: 84887016064     PISSN: 10946950     EISSN: 15590747     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.014     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Dietary reference intakes: sodium, chloride, potassium and sulphate 2005, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
2. Bonjour J.P. Nutritional disturbance in acid-base balance and osteoporosis: a hypothesis that disregards the essential homeostatic role of the kidney. Br J Nutr 2013, 4:1-10.
3. Tucker K.L., Chen H., Hannan M.T., et al. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 69:727-736.
4. Kanis J.A., McCloskey E.V., Johansson H., et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2013, 24(1):23-57. Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).
5. Lin P.H., Ginty F., Appel L.J., et al. The DASH diet and sodium reduction improve markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adults. J Nutr 2003, 133:3130-3136.
6. McTiernan A., Wactawski-Wende J., Wu L.L., et al. Low-fat, increased fruit, vegetable, and grain dietary pattern, fractures, and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89:1864-1876.
7. Shen C.-L., von Bergen V., Chyua M.-C., et al. Fruits and dietary phytochemicals in bone protection. Nutr Res 2012, 32:897-910.
8. Frassetto L.A., Hardcastle A.C., Sebastian A., et al. No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride. J Nutr 2012, 138:419S-422S.
9. Fenton T.R., Lyon A.W., Eliasziw M., et al. Phosphate decreases urine calcium and increases calcium balance: a meta-analysis of the osteoporosis acid-ash diet hypothesis. Nutr J 2009, 8:41.
10. Fenton T.R., Eliasziw M., Lyon A.W., et al. Meta-analysis of the quantity of calcium excretion associated with the net acid excretion of the modern diet under the acid-ash diet hypothesis. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:1159-1166.
11. Fenton T.R., Eliasziw M., Lyon A.W., et al. Meta-analysis of the effect of the acid-ash hypothesis of osteoporosis on calcium balance. J Bone Miner Res 2009, 24:1835-1840.
12. Fenton T.R., Tough S.C., Lyon A.W., et al. Causal assessment of dietary acid load and bone disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis applying Hill's epidemiologic criteria for causality. Nutr J 2011, 10:41.
13. Frassetto L.A., Hardcastle A.C., Sebastian A., et al. No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012, 66:1315-1322.
14. Jehle J., Hulter H.N., Krapf R. Effect of potassium citrate on bone density, mincroarchitecture, and fracture risk in healthy older adults without osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013, 98:207-217.
15. Macdonald H.M., Black A.J., Aucott L., et al. Effect of potassium citrate supplementation or increased fruit and vegetable intake on bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:465-474.