ESI, APCI, and MALDI a Comparison of the Central Analytical Figures of Merit: Sensitivity, Reproducibility, and Speed

Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals, Instrumentation, Practicalities, and Biological Applications: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 441-490

  Covey, Thomas R ^a   Schneider, Bradley B ^a   Javaheri, Hassan ^a   Leblanc, J C Yves ^a   Ivosev, Gordana ^a   Corr, Jay J ^a   Kovarik, Peter ^a  

^a MDS SCIEX   (Canada)

Author keywords

Compound dependency; Detection limits; Flow rate; Ion current stability; Lonization suppression

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886983408     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470588901.ch13     Document Type: Chapter

References (62)

1. WHITEHOUSE, C; DREYER, R.; YAMASHITA, M.; FENN, J. Electrospray interface for liquid chromatography and mass spectrometers. Anal. Chem. 1985, 57(3), 675-679.
2. WILM, M.; MANN, M. Analytical properties of the nanoelectrospray ion source. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 1-8.
3. THOMSON, B. The heated nebulizer LC-MS interface. In Gross, M. L.; Caprioli, R. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 6, Elsevier, San Diego, CA, 2007, pp 366-370.
4. BRUINS, A. P.; COVEY, T. R.; HENION, J. D. Ion spray interface for combined liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2642-2646.
5. COVEY, T. Pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization. In Gross, M. L.; Caprioli, R. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 6, Elsevier, San Diego, CA, 2007, pp 426-435.
6. HORNING, E.; HORNING, M.; CARROLL, D.; DZIDIC, I.; STILLWELL, R. New picogram detection system based on a mass spectrometer with an external ionization source at atmospheric pressure. Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 936-943.
7. THOMSON, B. A.; DANYLEWICH-MAY, L. Design and performance of a new total liquid introduction LC/MS interface. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Boston, 1983.
8. THOMSON, B. Micro and nano electrospray ionization techniques. In Gross, M. L.; Caprioli, R. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 6, Elsevier: San Diego, CA, 2007, 4 3 5-4 4.
9. KARAS, M.; HILLENCAMP, M. Laserdesorption ionization of proteins with molecular mass exceeding 10, 000 daltons. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2299.
10. CORR, J. I.; KOVARIK, P.; SCHNEIDER, B. B.; HENDRIKSE, I.; LOBODA, A.; COVEY, T. R. Design considerations for high speed quantitative mass spectrometry with MALDI ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 17, 1129-1141.
11. SCHNEIDER, B. B.; IAVAHERI, H.; COVEY, T. R. Ion sampling effects under conditions of total solvent consumption. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 20, 1538-1544.
12. SCHNEIDER, B.; BARANOV, V.; IAVAHERI, H.; COVEY, T. Particle discriminator interface for nanoflow ESI-MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 14, 1236-1246.
13. EL-FARAMAWY, A.; MICHAEL, SIU, K. W.; THOMSON, B. A. Efficiency of nano-electrospray ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 1702-1707.
14. CORR, J.; COVEY, T. R.; CHAU, T.; KOVARIK, P.; FISHER, W. MALDI MS/MS on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer: A new technology for high throughput small molecule quantitation. In Proceedings of the ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrom. and Allied Topics 2003.
15. VERENTCHIKOV, A.; SMIRNOV, I.; VESTAL, M. Collisional cooling and ion formation processes in orthogonal MALDI at intermediate gas pressures. In Proceedings of the ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, 1999.
16. DOUGLAS, D.; FRENCH, I. Collisional focusing effects in radio frequency quadrupoles. J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 3, 398-408.
17. THOMSON, B. A.; DOUGLAS, D. J.; CORR, I. J.; HAGER, J. W.; JOLLIFFE, C L. Improved collisionally activated dissociation efficiency and mass resolution on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67(10), 1696-1704.
18. LOCK, C; DYER, E. Characterization of high pressure quadrupole collision cells possessing direct axial fields. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 4 3 2-4 8.
19. HOPFGARTNER, G.; BEAN, K.; HENION, I. Ion spray mass spectrometric detection for liquid chromatrography: A concentration-or a mass-flow-sensitive device. Journal of Chromatography. 1993, 647, 51-61.
20. COVEY, T. In Snyder, A. P. (Ed.), Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, American Chemical Society, Anaheim, CA, April 2-6, 1995, pp. 21-59.
21. COVEY, T. R.; PINTO, D. In Pramanik, B.; Ganguly, A. K.; Gross, M. (Eds.), Applied Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002, Chapter 2, pp. 105-148.
22. VALASKOVIC, G. A.; KELLEHER, N. L. Miniaturized formats for efficient liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based proteomics and therapeutic development. In Lee, M. S.; (Ed.), Integrated Strategies for Drug Discovery Using Mass Spectrometry, lohn Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005, pp. 1-26.
23. SCHNEIDER, B.; Guo, X.; FELL, L.; COVEY, T. Stable gradient nanoflow LC-MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 1545-1551.
24. HARRIS, C. M. Shrinking the LC landscape. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 4A-69A.
25. HOPFGARTNER, G.; BOURGOGNE, E. Quantitative highthroughput analysis of drugs in biological matrices by mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2003, 22, 195-214.
26. LAGERWERF, FIJA M.; VAN DONGEN, William D.; STEENVOORDEN, Ruud I. J. M.; HONING, M.; JONKMAN, I. H. G. Exploring the boundaries of bioanalytical quantitative LC-MS-MS. Trends Anal. Chem. 2000, 79(7), 418-127.
27. KEEVIL, B. G.; TIERNEY, D. P.; COOPER, D. P.; MORRIS, M. R. Rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for routine analysis of cyclosporine A over an extended concentration range. Clin. Chem. 2002, 48(1), 69-76.
28. LEE, M. LC/MS Applications in Drug Development. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002, pp. 115-122.
29. LEE, M.; KERNS, E. H. LC/MS applications in drug development. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1999, 18, 187-279.
30. GOBEY, J.; COLE, M.; JANISZEWSKI, J.; COVEY, T.; CHAU, T.; KOVARIK, P.; CORR, J. Characterization and performance of MALDI on a triple quadropole mass spectrometer for analysis and quantification of small molecules. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77(17), 5643-5654.
31. COVEY, T. R.; LEE, E. D.; HENION, J. D. High-speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs in biological samples. Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 2453-2460.
32. COVEY, T. R.; LEE, E. D.; BRUINS, A. P.; HENION, J. D. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, instrumentation review. Anal. Chem. 1986, 58(14), 1451A-1461A.
33. FOUDA, H.; NOCERINI, M.; SCHNEIDER, R.; GEDUITS, C. Quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: The determination of the renin inhibitor CP-80794 in human serum. J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 1991, 2, 164.
34. GILBERT, J. D.; HAND, E. L.; YUAN, A. S.; OLAH, T. V.; COVEY, T. R. Determination of L-365, 260, a new cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B) antagonist, in plasma by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 21, 63-68.
35. SCHNEIDER, B.; LOCK, C; COVEY, T. AP and vacuum MALDI on a QqLIT instrument. J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 176-182.
36. SLENO, LEKHA; VOLMER, DIETRICH A. Some fundamental and technical aspects of the quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs by matrix-assisted laser desorption/Ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 1928-1936.
37. VANKAMPEN, JEROEN J.A.; BURGERS, PETER C; DEGROOT, RONALD; LUIDER, Theo M. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical compounds by MALDIi-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2006, 7S(15), 5403-5411.
38. HOPFGARTNER, G.; VARESIO, E. New approaches for quantitative analysis in biological Fluids Using mass spectrometric detection. Trends Anal. Chem. 2005, 24, 583-589.
39. BRUINS, A. P. Mass spectrometry with ion sources operating at atmospheric pressure. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1991, 10, 53-77.
40. MYLCHREEST, I.; HAIL, M. Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise. U.S. Patent 5, 171, 990, 1992.
41. TAKADA, Y; SAKAIRI, M.; HIRABAYASHI, A.; OSE, Y; Mass spectrometer with reduced charged droplet noise. U.S. Patent 5, 481, 107, 1996.
42. SCHULTZ, G.; PACE, E.; HENION, J. Comparison of TurboIonSpray to Triversa with ESI chip for small molecule quantitation. In Proceedings of the 54th American Society for Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, 2006, A060082.
43. ERICSON, C; PHUNG, Q.; HORN, PETERS, E.; FITCHETT, J.; FICARRO, S.; SALOMON, A.; BRILL, L.; BROCK, A. An automated noncontact deposition interface for liquid chromatography matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2309-2315.
44. JESSOME, Lori Lee; VOLMER, DIETRICH A. Ion suppression: A major concern in mass spectrometry. LCGC North Am. 2006, 24(4), 2-7.
45. BONFIGLIO, RYAN; KING, RICHARD C; OLAH, TIMOTHY V; MERKLE, KARA; The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model dug compounds. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 1175-1185.
46. KING, R.; BONFIGLIO, R.; FERNANDEZ-METZLER, C; MILLER-STEIN, C; OLAH, T. Mechanistic investigation of ionization suppression in electrospray ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 2000, 11, 942-950.
47. POLSON, C; SARKAR, P.; INCLEDON, B.; RAGUVARAN, V.; GRANT, R. Optimization of protein precipitation based upon effectiveness of protein removal and ionization effect in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 2003, 785, 263-275.
48. FDA 2001 at http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/4252fnl.pdf.
49. BERNERT, J. T, JR.; TURNER, W. E.; PIRKLE, J. L.; SOSNOFF, C. S.; AKINS, J. R.; WALDREP, M. K.; ANN, Q.; COVEY, T. R.; WHITFIELD, W. E.; GUNTER, E. W.; MILLER, B. B.; PATTERSON, D. G., JR.; NEEDHAM, L. L.; HANNON, W. H.; SAMPSON, E. J. Development and validation of sensitive method for determination of serum cotinine in smokers and Nonsmokers by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Clin. Chem. 1997, 43(12), 2281-2291.
50. BUCKNALL, M.; FUNG, K. Y C. Practical quantitative biomedical applications of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 1015-1027.
51. COHEN, L. H.; GUSEV, A. I. Small molecule analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 373, 571-586.
52. Wu, J.; CHATMAN, K.; HARRIS, K.; SIUZDAK, G. An automated MALDI mass spectrometry approach for optimizing cyclosporin extraction and quantitation. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 3767-3771.
53. KRUCHINSKY, A.; LOBODA, A.; SPICER, V.; DWORSCHAK, R.; ENS, W.; STANDING, K. Orthogonal injection of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ions into a time-of-flight spectrometer through a collisional dampening interface. Rap. Convnun. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 12, 508-518.
54. ZENG, L.; KASSEL, D. B. Developments of a fully automated parallel HPLC/mass spectrometry system for the analytical characterization and preparative purification of combinatorial libraries. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4380-4388.
55. SCHNEIDER, B.; COVEY, T. In Gross, M. L.; Caprioli, R. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 6-7-9, Elsevier, San Diego, CA, 2006.
56. COLE, M. 1999. High speed, high capacity analysis of metabolism screens. In LC/MS and Related Techniques Workshop, 47th ASMS Conference, June 1999, Dallas, TX.
57. JANISZEWSKI, J. S.; ROGERS, K. J.; WHALEN, K. M.; COLE, M. J.; LISTON, T. E.; DUCHOSLAV, E.; FOUDA, H. G. A highcapacity LC/MS system for the bioanalysis of samples generated from plate-based metabolic screening. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 1495-1501.
58. ACKERMANN, B.; BERNA, M. J.; MURPHY, A. T. Advances in high throughput quantitative drug discovery bioanalysis. In Lee, M. S. (Ed.), Integrated Strategies 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. for Drug Discovery Using Mass Spectrometry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 315-358.
59. van PELT, C. K.; CORSO, T. N.; SCHULTZ, G. A.; LOWES, S.; HENION, J. A four-column parallel chromatography system for isocratic or gradient LC/MS analyses. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 582-588. www.cohesivetech.com.
60. KOVARIK, P.; LEBLANC, Y.; AIELLO, M.; COVEY, T.; LONDO, T. Ultra high throughput autosampler technology using multiple parallel independent channels. Proceedings of the 54th American Society Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, 2006, A061331.
61. WELCH, C; SAJONZ, P.; BIBA, M.; GOUKER, J.; FAIRCHILD, J. Comparison of multifluidic HPLC instruments for high throughput analyses in support of pharmaceutical process research. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol. 2006, 29, 2185-2200.
62. NIST chemical structure data base, NIST Chemistry WebBook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/); Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. structure data base, ACDLabs/ChemSketch; e-Molecule data structure data base (http://www.emolecules.com/).