Evidence of salmon lice-induced mortality of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Hardangerfjord, Norway

Marine Biology Research

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 279-288

  Skaala, Øystein ^a   Kålås, Steinar ^b   Borgstrøm, Reidar ^c  

^a INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b Rådgivende biologer ^*  (Norway)

^c NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Anadromous brown trout; Hardangerfjord; marine survival; salmon louse

Indexed keywords

FISH; FJORD; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; INSECT; MORTALITY; POPULATION DECLINE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SURVIVAL;

HARDANGERJOKULEN; HORDALAND; NORWAY;

EID: 84886895092     PISSN: 17451000     EISSN: 17451019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2013.810756     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Anon. 2011. Risk assessment environmental impact of Norwegian aquaculture. In Taranger GL, Boxaspen KK, Abdullah SM, Svåsand T, editors. Extracts from Fisken og havet særnummer 3-2010. Institute of Marine Research: Bergen. 52 pages.
2. Berg OK, Jonsson B. 1990. Growth and survival rates of the anadromous trout, Salmo trutta, from the Vardnes River, northern Norway. Biology of Fishes 29:145-54. 10.1007/BF00005031
3. Birkeland K. 1996. Consequences of premature return by sea trout (Salmo trutta) infested with the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer): Migration, growth, and mortality. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:2808-13. 10.1139/f96-231
4. Birkeland K, Jakobsen PJ. 1997. Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infestation as a causal agent of premature return to rivers and estuaries by sea trout, Salmo trutta, juveniles. Environmental Biology of Fishes 49:129-37. 10.1023/A:1007354632039
5. Bjørn PA, Finstad B. 1997. The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on sea trout post-smolts. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 73:60-72.
6. Bjørn PA, Finstad B, Nilsen R, Asplin L, Uglem I, Skaala Ø, et al. 2008. Norwegian national surveillance of salmon lice epidemics on wild Atlantic salmon, sea trout and Arctic char in connection with Norwegian national salmon rivers and fjords. NINA Report 377. Trondheim, Norway: NINA. 33 pages. (in Norwegian)
7. Bjørn PA, Sivertsgard R, Finstad B, Nilsen R, Serra-Llinares RM, Kristoffersen R. 2011a. Area protection may reduce salmon louse infection risk to wild salmonids. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 1:233-44. 10.3354/aei00023
8. Bjørn PA, Nilsen R, Serra Llinares RM, Asplin L, Boxaspen KK, Finstad B, et al. 2011b. Rapport fra Havforskningen Nr 19-2011. Institute of Marine Research: Bergen. 33 pages.
9. Finstad B, Bjorn PA, Grimnes A, Hvidsten NA. 2000. Laboratory and field investigations of salmon lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer)] infestation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts. Aquaculture Research 31:795-803. 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00511.x
10. Ford JS, Myers RA. 2008. A global assessment of salmon aquaculture impacts on wild salmonids. PLOS Biology 6:411-17. 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060033
11. Gargan PG, Forde G, Hazon N, Russell DJF, Todd CD. 2012. Evidence for sea lice-induced marine mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in western Ireland from experimental releases of ranched smolts treated with emamectin benzoate. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69:343-53. 10.1139/f2011-155
12. Gettinby G, Robbins C, Lees F, Heuch PA, Finstad B, Malkenes R, et al. 2011. Use of a mathematical model to describe the epidemiology of Lepeophtheirus salmonis of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Hardangerfjord, Norway. Aquaculture 320:164-70. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.017
13. Grimnes A, Jakobsen PJ. 1996. The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on post-smolt of Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 48:1179-94. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01813.x
14. Heuch PA, Bjørn PA, Finstad B, Holst JC, Asplin L, Nilsen F. 2005. A review of the Norwegian 'National action plan against salmon lice on salmonids': The effect on wild salmonids. Aquaculture 246:79-92. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.12.027
15. Hutchinson P, editor. 1997. Interactions between salmon culture and wild stocks of Atlantic salmon: The scientific and management issues. ICES Marine Science Symposia 205. London: Academic Press. 264 pages.
16. Hvidsten NA, Finstad B, Kroglund F, Johnsen BO, Strand R, Arnekleiv JV, et al. 2007. Does increased abundance of sea lice influence survival of wild Atlantic salmon post-smolt? Journal of Fish Biology 71:1639-48. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01622.x
17. Jackson D, Cotter D, O'Maoiléidigh N, O'Donohoe P, White J, Kane F, et al. 2011. An evaluation of the impact of early infestation with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on the subsequent survival of outwardly migrating Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts. Aquaculture 320:159-63. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.029
18. Jakobsen PJ, Birkeland K, Grimnes A, Nylund A, Ordal K. 1992. Investigations of salmon lice infections on sea trout and salmon smolt in 1992. Report from Zoologisk Museum, Økologisk avdeling, Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen. 38 pages. (in Norwegian)
19. Jonsson B, Jonsson N. 2009. Migratory timing, marine survival and growth of anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta in the River Imsa, Norway. Journal of Fish Biology 74: 621-38. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02152.x
20. Klemetsen A, Amundsen P-A, Dempson JB, Jonsson B, Jonsson N, O'Connell MF, et al. 2003. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.): A review of aspects of their life histories. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12:1-40. 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2003.00010.x
21. Krkošek M, Ford JS, Morton A, Lele S, Myers RA, Lewis MA. 2007. Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon. Science 318:1772-75. 10.1126/science.1148744
22. Krkošek M, Connors BM, Ford H, Peacock S, Mages P, Ford JS, et al. 2011. Fish farms, parasites, and predators: Implications for salmon population dynamics. Ecological Applications 21:897-914. 10.1890/09-1861.1
23. Middlemas SJ, Raffell JA, Hay DW, Hatton-Ellis M, Armstrong JD. 2010. Temporal and spatial patterns of sea lice levels on sea trout in western Scotland in relation to fish farm production cycles. Biology Letters 6:548-51. 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0872
24. Otterå H, Skilbrei O, Skaala Ø, Boxaspen K, Aure J, Taranger GL, et al. 2004. Hardangerfjorden, produksjon av laksefisk og effekter på de ville bestandene av laksefisk. Fisken og havet, nr 3. 36 pages. (in Norwegian)
25. Penston MJ, McBeath AJA, Millar CP. 2011. Densities of planktonic Lepeophtheirus salmonis before and after an Atlantic salmon farm relocation. Aquaculture Environment 1: 225-32. 10.3354/aei00022
26. Poole WR, Wheelan KF, Dillane MG, Cooke DJ, Matthews M. 1996. The performance of sea trout, Salmo trutta L., stocks from the Burrishoole system western Ireland, 1970-1994. Fisheries Management and Ecology 3:73-92. 10.1111/j.1365-2400.1996.tb00131.x
27. Revie C, Dill L, Finstad B, Todd CD. 2009. Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue Working Group Report on Sea Lice, commissioned by the Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue. http://wwf.worldwildlife.org/site/PageNavigator/SalmonSOIForm (accessed 22 October 2012)
28. Skilbrei OT, Wennevik V. 2006. Survival and growth of searanched Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., treated against sea lice before release. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:1317-25. 10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.012
29. Statistics Norway. 2010. http://www.ssb.no/english (accessed 21 October 2012)
30. Sætre R, Aure J, Danielssen DS. 2003. Long-term hydrographic variability patterns off the Norwegian coast and in the Skagerrak. ICES Marine Science Symposia 219:150-59.
31. Tully O, Poole WR, Whelan KF, Merigoux S. 1993. Parameters and possible causes of epizootics of Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer infesting sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) off the west of Ireland. In: Boxshall GA, Defaye D, editors. Pathogens of Wild Farmed Fish: Sea Lice. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, p 202-13.
32. Tully O, Gargan P, Poole WR, Whelan KF. 1999. Spatial and temporal variation in the infestation of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) by the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) in relation to sources of infection in Ireland. Parasitology 119: 41-51. 10.1017/S003118209900445X
33. Tveiten H, Bjørn PA, Johnsen HK, Finstad, B, McKinley RS. 2010.Effects of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on temporal changes in cortisol, sex steroids, growth and reproductive investment in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Journal of Fish Biology 76:2318-41. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02636.x
34. Wagner GN, McKinley RS, Bjørn PA, Finstad B. 2003. Physiolocical impact of sea lice on swimming performance of Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 62:1000-09. 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00091.x
35. Wagner GN, McKinley RS, Bjørn PA, Finstad B. 2004. Short-term freshwater exposure benefits sea lice infected Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 64:1593-604. 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00414.x
36. Wells A, Grierson CE, MacKenzie M, Russon IJ, Reinardy H, Middlemiss C, et al. 2006. The physiological effects of simultaneous, abrupt seawater entry and sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation of wild, sea-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63:2809-21. 10.1139/f06-160
37. Wells A, Grierson CE, Marshall L, MacKenzie M, Russon IJ, Reinardy H, et al. 2007. Physiological consequences of 'premature freshwater return' for wild sea-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) post-smolts infested with sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64:1360-69. 10.1139/f07-107