Canadian cardiovascular society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy: Implementation

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 29, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1346-1360

  Parkash, Ratika ^a   Philippon, François ^b   Shanks, Miriam ^c   Thibault, Bernard ^d   Cox, Jafna ^a   Low, Aaron ^e   Essebag, Vidal ^f   Bashir, Jamil ^g   Moe, Gordon ^h   Birnie, David H ⁱ   Larose, Éric ^b   Yee, Raymond ^j   Swiggum, Elizabeth ^k   Kaul, Padma ^c   Redfearn, Damian ^l   Tang, Anthony S ^k   Exner, Derek V ^m  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b LAVAL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^d MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^e Chinook Regional Hospital   (Canada)

^f MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^g UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^h ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^j UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^k Island Medical Program   (Canada)

^l QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^m UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; INOTROPIC AGENT; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; WARFARIN;

AGING; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; ASSISTED CIRCULATION; ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK; BIVENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE; BRADYCARDIA; CANADA; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY DEVICE; CARDIAC SURGEON; CHARLSON COMORBIDITY INDEX; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COMORBIDITY; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CONSENSUS; CONSULTATION; CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DEVICE INFECTION; DIURETIC THERAPY; DRUG SAFETY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDSYSTOLIC VOLUME; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEART VENTRICLE CONDUCTION; HEMATOMA; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HYDRATION; IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR; INTRAAORTIC BALLOON PUMP; IONIZING RADIATION; KIDNEY FAILURE; KNOWLEDGE; MEDICAL EXPERT; MEDICAL SOCIETY; META ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION CLASS; OPEN HEART SURGERY; PATIENT SELECTION; PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; PNEUMOTHORAX; POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROGNOSIS; PULSE GENERATOR; QUALITY OF LIFE; RADIATION SAFETY; REMOTE MONITORING; REMOTE SENSING; RISK FACTOR; SECOND DEGREE ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; ELECTRODES, IMPLANTED; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; FRAIL ELDERLY; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, INTERVENTIONAL; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PATIENT SELECTION; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIATION, IONIZING; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, LEFT;

EID: 84886845058     PISSN: 0828282X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.09.009     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Guyatt G.H., Oxman A.D., Vist G.E., et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008, 336:924-926.
2. Lindenfeld J., Albert N.M., Boehmer J.P., et al. HFSA 2010 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. JCard Fail 2010, 16:e1-194.
3. Arena R., Myers J., Williams M.A., et al. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 2007, 116:329-343.
4. Cazeau S., Bordachar P., Jauvert G., et al. Echocardiographic modeling of cardiac dyssynchrony before and during multisite stimulation: a prospective study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003, 26(1 Pt 2):137-143.
5. Lozano I., Bocchiardo M., Achtelik M., et al. Impact of biventricular pacing on mortality in a randomized crossover study of patients with heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000, 23(11 Pt 2):1711-1712.
6. Abraham W.T., Fisher W.G., Smith A.L., et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. NEngl J Med 2002, 346:1845-1853.
7. Young J.B., Abraham W.T., Smith A.L., et al. Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced chronic heart failure: the MIRACLE ICD Trial. JAMA 2003, 289:2685-2694.
8. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Lancet 1997, 349:375-380.
9. Olsson L.G., Swedberg K., Clark A.L., Witte K.K., Cleland J.G. Six minute corridor walk test as an outcome measure for the assessment of treatment in randomized, blinded intervention trials of chronic heart failure: a systematic review. Eur Heart J 2005, 26:778-793.
10. McAlister F.A., Tu J.V., Newman A., et al. How many patients with heart failure are eligible for cardiac resynchronization? Insights from two prospective cohorts. Eur Heart J 2006, 27:323-329.
11. Exner D.V., Birnie D.H., Moe G., et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy: evidence and patient selection. Can J Cardiol 2013, 29:182-195.
12. Wells G., Parkash R., Healey J.S., et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2011, 183:421-429.
13. Achilli A., Turreni F., Gasparini M., et al. Efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy in very old patients: the Insync/Insync ICD Italian Registry. Europace 2007, 9:732-738.
14. McAlister F.A., Ezekowitz J., Tonelli M., Armstrong P.W. Renal insufficiency and heart failure: prognostic and therapeutic implications from a prospective cohort study. Circulation 2004, 109:1004-1009.
15. Cannizzaro L.A., Piccini J.P., Patel U.D., Hernandez A.F. Device therapy in heart failure patients with chronic kidney disease. JAm Coll Cardiol 2011, 58:889-896.
16. Adelstein E.C., Shalaby A., Saba S. Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and renal insufficiency. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2010, 33:850-859.
17. Boerrigter G., Costello-Boerrigter L.C., Abraham W.T., et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves renal function in human heart failure with reduced glomerular filtration rate. JCard Fail 2008, 14:539-546.
18. Aggarwal A., Wang Y., Rumsfeld J.S., Curtis J.P., Heidenreich P.A. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcome of patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis referred for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Heart Rhythm 2009, 6:1565-1571.
19. Moss A.J., Hall W.J., Cannom D.S., et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. NEngl J Med 2009, 361:1329-1338.
20. Tang A.S., Wells G.A., Talajic M., et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. NEngl J Med 2010, 363:2385-2395.
21. Ghio S., Freemantle N., Scelsi L., et al. Long-term left ventricular reverse remodelling with cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the CARE-HF trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2009, 11:480-488.
22. Clarke B., Howlett J.G., Parkash R. Arisk score predicting non sudden cardiac death in congestive heart failure. Can J Cardiol 2006, 22(suppl D):185D.
23. Rockwood K., Fox R.A., Stolee P., Robertson D., Beattie B.L. Frailty in elderly people: an evolving concept. CMAJ 1994, 150:489-495.
24. Rockwood K., Song X., MacKnight C., et al. Aglobal clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ 2005, 173:489-495.
25. Charlson M.E., Pompei P., Ales K.L., Mackenzie C.R. Anew method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. JChronic Dis 1987, 40:373-383.
26. Curtis A.B., Worley S.J., Adamson P.B., et al. Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:1585-1593.
27. Ermis C., Seutter R., Zhu A.X., et al. Impact of upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy on ventricular arrhythmia frequency in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. JAm Coll Cardiol 2005, 46:2258-2263.
28. Eldadah Z.A., Rosen B., Hay I., et al. The benefit of upgrading chronically right ventricle-paced heart failure patients to resynchronization therapy demonstrated by strain rate imaging. Heart Rhythm 2006, 3:435-442.
29. Poole J.E., Gleva M.J., Mela T., et al. Complication rates associated with pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements and upgrade procedures: results from the REPLACE registry. Circulation 2010, 122:1553-1561.
30. Mair H., Sachweh J., Meuris B., et al. Surgical epicardial left ventricular lead versus coronary sinus lead placement in biventricular pacing. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005, 27:235-242.
31. Mellert F., Schneider C., Esmailzadeh B., et al. Implantation of left ventricular epicardial leads in cardiosurgical patients with impaired cardiac function-a worthwhile procedure in concomitant surgical interventions?. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012, 60:64-69.
32. Edgerton J.R., Edgerton Z.J., Mack M.J., Hoffman S., Dewey T.M., Herbert M.A. Ventricular epicardial lead placement for resynchronization by determination of paced depolarization intervals: technique and rationale. Ann Thorac Surg 2007, 83:89-92.
33. Birnie D.H., Healey J.S., Wells G.A., et al. Pacemaker or defibrillator surgery without interruption of anticoagulation. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:2084-2093.
34. Ghanbari H., Phard W.S., Al-Ameri H., et al. Meta-analysis of safety and efficacy of uninterrupted warfarin compared to heparin-based bridging therapy during implantation of cardiac rhythm devices. Am J Cardiol 2012, 110:1482-1488.
35. Douketis J.D., Spyropoulos A.C., Spencer F.A., et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012, 141(2 Suppl):e326S-e350S.
36. Goldman L., Caldera D.L., Nussbaum S.R., et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. NEngl J Med 1977, 297:845-850.
37. Williams M. Infection control and prevention in perioperative practice. JPerioper Pract 2008, 18:274-278.
38. Kovoor P., Ricciardello M., Collins L., Uther J.B., Ross D.L. Risk to patients from radiation associated with radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1998, 98:1534-1540.
39. Calkins H., Brugada J., Packer D.L., et al. HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert Consensus Statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2007, 4:816-861.
40. Marinskis G., Bongiorni M.G., Dagres N., Lewalter T., Pison L., Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. X-ray exposure hazards for physicians performing ablation procedures and device implantation: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association survey. Europace 2013, 15:444-446.
41. Dragusin O., Weerasooriya R., Jais P., et al. Evaluation of a radiation protection cabin for invasive electrophysiological procedures. Eur Heart J 2007, 28:183-189.
42. Brambilla M., Occhetta E., Ronconi M., Plebani L., Carriero A., Marino P. Reducing operator radiation exposure during cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2010, 12:1769-1773.
43. Rogers D.P., England F., Lozhkin K., Lowe M.D., Lambiase P.D., Chow A.W. Improving safety in the electrophysiology laboratory using a simple radiation dose reduction strategy: a study of 1007 radiofrequency ablation procedures. Heart 2011, 97:366-370.
44. Natarajan M.K., Paul N., Mercuri M., et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Position Statement on radiation exposure from cardiac imaging and interventional procedures. Can J Cardiol 2013, 29:1361-1368.
45. Freeman J.V., Wang Y., Curtis J.P., Heidenreich P.A., Hlatky M.A. Physician procedure volume and complications of cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Circulation 2012, 125:57-64.
46. Cowburn P.J., Patel H., Pipes R.R., Parker J.D. Contrast nephropathy post cardiac resynchronization therapy: an under-recognized complication with important morbidity. Eur J Heart Fail 2005, 7:899-903.
47. Sharma G., Senguttuvan N.B., Thachil A., et al. Acomparison of lead placement through the subclavian vein technique with fluoroscopy-guided axillary vein technique for permanent pacemaker insertion. Can J Cardiol 2012, 28:542-546.
48. Greenspon A.J., Rhim E.S., Mark G., Desimone J., Ho R.T. Lead-associated endocarditis: the important role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008, 31:548-553.
49. Darouiche R.O., Wall M.J., Itani K.M., et al. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. NEngl J Med 2010, 362:18-26.
50. Worley S.J. Implant venoplasty: dilation of subclavian and coronary veins to facilitate device implantation: indications, frequency, methods, and complications. JCardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008, 19:1004-1007.
51. Maytin M., Epstein L.M., Henrikson C.A. Lead extraction is preferred for lead revisions and system upgrades: when less is more. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010, 3:413-424.
52. Wazni O., Epstein L.M., Carrillo R.G., et al. Lead extraction in the contemporary setting: the LExICon study: an observational retrospective study of consecutive laser lead extractions. JAm Coll Cardiol 2010, 55:579-586.
53. Singh J.P., Klein H.U., Huang D.T., et al. Left ventricular lead position and clinical outcome in the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy (MADIT-CRT) trial. Circulation 2011, 123:1159-1166.
54. Bleeker G.B., Kaandorp T.A., Lamb H.J., et al. Effect of posterolateral scar tissue on clinical and echocardiographic improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2006, 113:969-976.
55. Ypenburg C., Schalij M.J., Bleeker G.B., et al. Impact of viability and scar tissue on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in ischaemic heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 2007, 28:33-41.
56. White J.A., Yee R., Yuan X., et al. Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with intraventricular dyssynchrony. JAm Coll Cardiol 2006, 48:1953-1960.
57. Exner D.V., Auricchio A., Singh J.P. Contemporary and future trends in cardiac resynchronization therapy to enhance response. Heart Rhythm 2012, 9(8 suppl):S27-S35.
58. Khan F.Z., Virdee M.S., Palmer C.R., et al. Targeted left ventricular lead placement to guide cardiac resynchronization therapy: the TARGET study: a randomized, controlled trial. JAm Coll Cardiol 2012, 59:1509-1518.
59. Saba S., Marek J., Schwartzman D., et al. Echocardiography-guided left ventricular lead placement for cardiac resynchronization therapy: results of the speckle tracking assisted resynchronization therapy for electrode region trial. Circ Heart Fail 2013, 6:427-434.
60. Nezafat R., Han Y., Peters D.C., et al. Coronary magnetic resonance vein imaging: imaging contrast, sequence, and timing. Magn Reson Med 2007, 58:1196-1206.
61. Bilchick K.C., Dimaano V., Wu K.C., et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of dyssynchrony and myocardial scar predicts function class improvement following cardiac resynchronization therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008, 1:561-568.
62. Chalil S., Foley P.W., Muyhaldeen S.A., et al. Late gadolinium enhancement-cardiovascular magnetic resonance as a predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2007, 9:1031-1037.
63. Tournoux F., Chan R.C., Manzke R., et al. Integrating functional and anatomical information to guide cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur J Heart Fail 2010, 12:52-57.
64. Gold M.R., Birgersdotter-Green U., Singh J.P., et al. The relationship between ventricular electrical delay and left ventricular remodelling with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2011, 32:2516-2524.
65. Spragg D.D., Dong J., Fetics B.J., et al. Optimal left ventricular endocardial pacing sites for cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. JAm Coll Cardiol 2010, 56:774-781.
66. Gillis A.M., Philippon F., Cassidy M.R., et al. Guidelines for implantable cardioverter defibrillator follow-up in Canada: a consensus statement of the Canadian Working Group on Cardiac Pacing. Can J Cardiol 2003, 19:21-37.
67. Ellenbogen K.A., Huizar J.F. Foreseeing super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a perspective for clinicians. JAm Coll Cardiol 2012, 59:2374-2377.
68. Lecoq G., Leclercq C., Leray E., et al. Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of a positive response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in advanced heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005, 26:1094-1100.
69. Achilli A., Peraldo C., Sassara M., et al. Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the selection of candidates for CRT (SCART) study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006, 29(suppl 2):S11-S19.
70. Yeim S., Bordachar P., Reuter S., et al. Predictors of a positive response to biventricular pacing in patients with severe heart failure and ventricular conduction delay. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007, 30:970-975.
71. Mollema S.A., Bleeker G.B., van der Wall E.E., Schalij M.J., Bax J.J. Usefulness of QRS duration to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2007, 100:1665-1670.
72. Chung E.S., Leon A.R., Tavazzi L., et al. Results of the Predictors of Response to CRT (PROSPECT) trial. Circulation 2008, 117:2608-2616.
73. Buck S., Maass A.H., Nieuwland W., Anthonio R.L., van Veldhuisen D.J., Van Gelder I.C. Impact of interventricular lead distance and the decrease in septal-to-lateral delay on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2008, 10:1313-1319.
74. Rickard J., Bassiouny M., Cronin E.M., et al. Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a non-left bundle branch block morphology. Am J Cardiol 2011, 108:1576-1580.
75. Goldenberg I., Moss A.J., Hall W.J., et al. Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). Circulation 2011, 124:1527-1536.
76. Hsing J.M., Selzman K.A., Leclercq C., et al. Paced left ventricular QRS width and ECG parameters predict outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: PROSPECT-ECG substudy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011, 4:851-857.
77. Fornwalt B.K., Sprague W.W., BeDell P., et al. Agreement is poor among current criteria used to define response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2010, 121:1985-1991.
78. Ypenburg C., van Bommel R.J., Borleffs C.J., et al. Long-term prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy is related to the extent of left ventricular reverse remodeling at midterm follow-up. JAm Coll Cardiol 2009, 53:483-490.
79. Fruhwald F.M., Fahrleitner-Pammer A., Berger R., et al. Early and sustained effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with moderate to severe heart failure and cardiac dyssynchrony. Eur Heart J 2007, 28:1592-1597.
80. Saxon L.A., Hayes D.L., Gilliam F.R., et al. Long-term outcome after ICD and CRT implantation and influence of remote device follow-up: The ALTITUDE Survival Study. Circulation 2010, 122:2359-2367.
81. Wilton S.B., Leung A.A., Ghali W.A., Faris P., Exner D.V. Outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with versus those without atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm 2011, 8:1088-1094.
82. Lakkireddy D., Di B.L., Ryschon K., et al. Radiofrequency ablation of premature ventricular ectopy improves the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy in nonresponders. JAm Coll Cardiol 2012, 60:1531-1539.
83. Boriani G., Biffi M., Muller C.P., et al. Aprospective randomized evaluation of VV delay optimization in CRT-D recipients: echocardiographic observations from the RHYTHM II ICD study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2009, 32(suppl 1):S120-S125.
84. Ritter P., Delnoy P.P., Padeletti L., et al. Arandomized pilot study of optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy in sinus rhythm patients using a peak endocardial acceleration sensor vs. standard methods. Europace 2012, 14:1324-1333.
85. Rao R.K., Kumar U.N., Schafer J., Viloria E., De L.D., Foster E. Reduced ventricular volumes and improved systolic function with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomized trial comparing simultaneous biventricular pacing, sequential biventricular pacing, and left ventricular pacing. Circulation 2007, 115:2136-2144.
86. Abraham W.T., Gras D., Yu C.M., Guzzo L., Gupta M.S. Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of frequent optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Frequent Optimization Study Using the QuickOpt Method (FREEDOM) trial. Am Heart J 2010, 159:944-948.
87. Ellenbogen K.A., Gold M.R., Meyer T.E., et al. Primary results from the SmartDelay determined AV optimization: a comparison to other AV delay methods used in cardiac resynchronization therapy (SMART-AV) trial: a randomized trial comparing empirical, echocardiography-guided, and algorithmic atrioventricular delay programming in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2010, 122:2660-2668.
88. Hsu J.C., Solomon S.D., Bourgoun M., et al. Predictors of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy and associated improvement in clinical outcome: the MADIT-CRT (multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial with cardiac resynchronization therapy) study. JAm Coll Cardiol 2012, 59:2366-2373.
89. Antonio N., Teixeira R., Coelho L., et al. Identification of 'super-responders' to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the importance of symptom duration and left ventricular geometry. Europace 2009, 11:343-349.
90. Cleland J., Freemantle N., Ghio S., et al. Predicting the long-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on mortality from baseline variables and the early response a report from the CARE-HF (Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure) Trial. JAm Coll Cardiol 2008, 52:438-445.
91. Cleland J.G., Daubert J.C., Erdmann E., et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. NEngl J Med 2005, 352:1539-1549.
92. Linde C. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. Europace 2009, 11(suppl 5):v72-v76.
93. Yee R., Verma A., Beardsall M., Fraser J., Philippon F., Exner D.V. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Joint Position Statement on the Use of Remote Monitoring for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Follow-up. Can J Cardiol 2013, 29:644-651.
94. McKelvie R.S., Moe G.W., Cheung A., et al. The 2011 Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure management guidelines update: focus on sleep apnea, renal dysfunction, mechanical circulatory support, and palliative care. Can J Cardiol 2011, 27:319-338.
95. Maisel W.H., Sweeney M.O., Stevenson W.G., Ellison K.E., Epstein L.M. Recalls and safety alerts involving pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generators. JAMA 2001, 286:793-799.
96. Parkash R., Crystal E., Bashir J., et al. Complications associated with revision of Sprint Fidelis leads: report from the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Device Advisory Committee. Circulation 2010, 121:2384-2387.
97. Parkash R., Thibault B., Sterns L., et al. Sprint Fidelis lead fractures in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices: insight from the Resynchronization/Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure (RAFT) study. Circulation 2012, 126:2928-2934.
98. Fein A.S., Wang Y., Curtis J.P., Masoudi F.A., Varosy P.D., Reynolds M.R. Prevalence and predictors of off-label use of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients enrolled in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Implantable Cardiac-Defibrillator Registry. JAm Coll Cardiol 2010, 56:766-773.
99. O'Neill B.J., Simpson C.S. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Access to Care Workshop proceedings and next steps. Can J Cardiol 2010, 26:69-71.
100. Simpson C.S., Healey J.S., Philippon F., et al. Universal access-but when? Treating the right patient at the right time: access to electrophysiology services in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2006, 22:741-746.
101. Bentkover J.D., Dorian P., Thibault B., Gardner M. Economic analysis of a randomized trial of biventricular pacing in Canada. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007, 30:38-43.
102. Nichol G., Kaul P., Huszti E., Bridges J.F. Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Ann Intern Med 2004, 141:343-351.
103. Calvert M.J., Freemantle N., Yao G., et al. Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the CARE-HF trial. Eur Heart J 2005, 26:2681-2688.
104. Feldman A.M., de L.G., Bristow M.R., et al. Cost effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial. JAm Coll Cardiol 2005, 46:2311-2321.
105. Linde C., Mealing S., Hawkins N., Eaton J., Brown B., Daubert J.C. Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with asymptomatic to mild heart failure: insights from the European cohort of the REVERSE (Resynchronization Reverses remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction). Eur Heart J 2011, 32:1631-1639.
106. Noyes K., Veazie P., Hall W.J., et al. Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the MADIT-CRT trial. JCardiovasc Electrophysiol 2013, 24:66-74.
107. Boriani G., Biffi M., Martignani C., et al. Is cardiac resynchronization therapy cost-effective?. Europace 2009, 11(suppl 5):v93-v97.