Is homophobia associated with an implicit same-sex attraction?

Journal of Sex Research

Volumn 50, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 777-785

  MacInnis, Cara C ^a   Hodson, Gordon ^a  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANADA; FEMALE; HOMOPHOBIA; HUMAN; LESBIANISM; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUALITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CANADA; FEMALE; HOMOPHOBIA; HOMOSEXUALITY, FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; MALE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84886697348     PISSN: 00224499     EISSN: 15598519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.690111     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Adams, H., Wright, L., & Lohr, B. (1996). Is homophobia associated with homosexual arousal? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(3), 440-445. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.105.3.440 (Pubitemid 26268713)
2. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3. Barlow, D. H., Sakheim, D. K., & Beck, J. G. (1983). Anxiety increases sexual arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 49-54. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.92.1.49
4. Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Gender differences in erotic plasticity: The female sex-drive as socially flexible and responsive. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 347-374.
5. Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444. doi:10.1111=0022-4537. 00126
6. Byrne, D. E. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York, NY: Academic Press.
7. Chivers, M. L., Rieger, G., Latty, E., & Bailey, J. M. (2004). A sex difference in the specificity of sexual arousal. Psychological Science, 15, 736-744. doi:10.1111=j.0956-7976.2004.00750.x (Pubitemid 39557989)
8. Chivers, M. L., Seto, M. C., & Blanchard, R. (2007). Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors in sexual films. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1108-1121. doi:10.1037/0022-3514. 93.6.1108
9. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1982). Applied multiple regression= correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. Cunningham, W. A., Preacher, K. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity. Psychological Science, 12, 163-170. doi:10.1111=1467-9280.00328 (Pubitemid 33653526)
11. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1998). On the nature of contemporary prejudice: The causes, consequences, and challenges of aversive racism. In J. L. Eberhardt & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Confronting racism: The problem and the response (pp. 3-32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Ferenczi, S. (1956). The nosology of male homosexuality (homoerotism). In E. Jones (Trans.), Sex in psychoanalysis (pp. 296-318). New York, NY: Basic Books. (Original work published 1914)
13. Freud, S. (1961). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (pp. 125-172). London, England: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1905)
14. Gray, N. S., & Snowden, R. J. (2009). The implicit association test as a measure of sexual interest. In D. Thornton & D. R. Laws (Eds.), Cognitive approaches to the assessment of sexual interest in sexual offenders (pp. 101-123). Chichester, England: Wiley.
15. Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.85.2.197 (Pubitemid 37394958)
16. Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17-41. doi:10.1037/a0015575
17. Haddock, G., & Zanna, M. P. (1998). Authoritarianism, values, and the favorability and structure of antigay attitudes. In G. Herek & M. Gregory (Eds.), Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 82-107). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
18. Hartocollis, P. (2005). Origins and evolution of the Oedipus complex as conceptualized by Freud. Psychoanalytic Review, 92, 315-344. doi:10.1521=prev.92.3.315.66544
19. Henry, P. J. (2008). College sophomores in the laboratory redux: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of the nature of prejudice. Psychological Inquiry, 19, 49-71. doi:10.1080/10478400802049936
20. Herek, G. M. (1984). Beyond "homophobia": A social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. In J. P. DeCecco (Ed.), Homophobia: An overview (pp. 1-22). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
21. Herek, G. M. (1987). Can functions be measured? A new perspective on the functional approach to attitudes and females. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 285-303. doi:10.2307=2786814
22. Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451-477. doi:10.1080=00224498809551476 (Pubitemid 18260093)
23. Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22. doi:10.1111=1467-8721.00051
24. Hudson, W. W., & Ricketts, W. A. (1980). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 5, 357-372. doi:10.1300=J082v05n04-02 (Pubitemid 11171589)
25. Jellison, W. A., McConnell, A. R., & Gabriel, S. (2004). Implicit and explicit measures of sexual orientation attitudes: Ingroup preferences and related behaviors and beliefs among gay and straight men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 629-642. doi:10.1177=0146167203262076 (Pubitemid 38545896)
26. Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 336-353. doi:10.1177=0146167296224002
27. Klohnen, E. C., & Luo, S. (2003). Interpersonal attraction and personality: What is attractive-Self similarity, ideal similarity, complementarity, or attachment security? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 709-722. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.709 (Pubitemid 37249680)
28. Lock, J., & Kleis, B. (1998). Origins of homophobia in males: Psychosexual vulnerabilities and defense development. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52(4), 425-436. (Pubitemid 28565683)
29. MacInnis, C. C., & Hodson, G. (in press). Intergroup bias toward "Group X": Evidence of prejudice, dehumanization, avoidance, and discrimination against asexuals. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1368430212442419
30. Mahaffey, A. L., Bryan, A. D., Ito, T. A., & Hutchison, K. E. (2011). In search of the defensive function of sexual prejudice: Exploring antigay bias through shorter and longer lead startle eye blink. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 27-44. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00700.x
31. Maio, G. R., & Haddock, G. G. (2010). The psychology of attitudes and attitude change. London, England: Sage.
32. Meier, B., Robinson, M., Gaither, G., & Heinert, N. (2006). A secret attraction or defensive loathing? Homophobia, defense, and implicit cognition. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 377-394. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.01.007 (Pubitemid 43779139)
33. Nosek, B. A. (2005). Moderators of the relationship between implicit and explicit evaluation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 565-584. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.134. 4.565 (Pubitemid 41759653)
34. Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). The implicit association test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. In J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental processes (pp. 265-292). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
35. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
36. O'Donahue, W., & Caselles, C. E. (1993). Homophobia: Conceptual, definitional, and value issues. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 15, 177-195. doi:10.1007/BF01371377 (Pubitemid 23360418)
37. Rudman, L. A. (2011). Implicit measures for social and personality psychology. London, England: Sage.
38. Snowden, R. J., Wichter, J., & Gray, N. S. (2008). Implicit and explicit measurements of sexual preference in gay and heterosexual men: A comparison of priming techniques and the implicit association task. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 558-565. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9138-z (Pubitemid 351873493)
39. Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 23-45). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
40. Wall, T. D., & Payne, R. (1973). Are deficiency scores deficient? Journal of Applied Psychology, 58, 322-326. doi:10.1037/h0036227
41. Weinberg, G. (1972). Society and the healthy homosexual. Garden City, NY: Anchor Brooks.
42. Whitley, B. E., & Lee, S. E. (2000). The relationship of authoritarianism and related constructs to attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 144-170. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000. tb02309.x
43. Zakrisson, I. (2005). Construction of a short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 863-872. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.026 (Pubitemid 41070251)