Upscaling terrestrial carbon dioxide fluxes in Alaska with satellite remote sensing and support vector regression

Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences

Volumn 118, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1266-1281

  Ueyama, Masahito ^a   Ichii, Kazuhito ^b   Iwata, Hiroki ^c   Euskirchen, Eugénie S ^c   Zona, Donatella ^d,e   Rocha, Adrian V ^f   Harazono, Yoshinobu ^a,c   Iwama, Chie ^a   Nakai, Taro ^c   Oechel, Walter C ^d  

^a Osaka City University   (Japan)

^b FUKUSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^d SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

Alaska; disturbance; eddy covariance; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); support vector regression

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; CARBON BUDGET; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FLUX; CARBON SINK; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; MODIS; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESPIRATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY; UPSCALING;

ALASKA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84886656522     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21698961     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.20095     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Ahrends, H. E., S. Etzold, W. L. Kutsch, R. Stoeckli, R. Bruegger, F. Jeanneret, H. Wanner, N. Buchmann, and, W. Eugster, (2009), Tree phenology and carbon dioxide fluxes: Use of digital photography for process-based interpretation at the ecosystem scale, Clim. Res., 39, 261-274.
2. Alcaraz-Segura, D., E. Chuvieco, H. E. Epstein, E. S. Kasischke, and, A. Trishchenko, (2010), Debating the greening vs. browning of the North American boreal forest: Differences between satellite datasets, Glob. Chang. Biol., 16, 760-770.
3. Amiro, B. D., et al. (2010), Ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North America, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G00K02, doi: 10.1029/2010JG001390.
4. Barber, V. A., G. P. Juday, and, B. P. Finney, (2000), Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress, Nature, 405, 668-673. (Pubitemid 30428649)
5. Beringer, J., F. S. III Chapin, and, C. Copass, (2003), Climate and Flux Data From Alaska Sites, 1998-2000, National Center for Atmospheric Research, ARCSS Data Archive, Boulder, CO.
6. Beringer, J., F. S. III Chapin, C. C. Thompson, and, A. D. McGuire, (2005), Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate, Agric. Forest Meteorol., 131, 143-161. (Pubitemid 41207089)
7. Bond-Lamberty, B., S. D. Peckham, D. E. Ahl, and, S. T. Gower, (2007), Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance, Nature, 450, 89-92. (Pubitemid 350070572)
8. Chang, C. C., and, C. J. Lin, (2011), LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines, ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., 2 (27), 1-27.
9. Chapin, F. S., III, et al. (2005), Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming, Science, 310, 657-660.
10. Chapin, F. S., III, C. L. Fastie, L. A. Viereck, R. A. Ott, P. C. Adams, D. Mann, K. Van Clave, and, J. F. Johnstone, (2006), Successional processes in the Alaskan boreal forest, in Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest, edited by, F. S. Chapin, III, et al., pp. 100-120, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
11. Cristianini, N., and, J. Shawe-Taylor, (2000), An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-Based Learning Methods, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 189.
12. Date, T., M. Ueyama, Y. Harazono, Y. Ota, T. Iwata, and, S. Yamamoto, (2009), Satellite observations of decadal scale CO2 fluxes over black spruce forests in Alaska associated with climate variability, J. Agric. Meteorol., 65, 47-60.
13. Desai, A. R., B. R. Helliker, P. R. Moorcroft, A. E. Andrews, and, J. A. Berry, (2010), Climate controls of interannual variability in regional carbon fluxes from top-down and bottom-up perspectives, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G02011, doi: 10.1029/2009JG001122.
14. Epstein, H. E., M. P. Calef, M. D. Walker, and, F. S. III Chapin, (2004), Detecting changes in arctic tundra plant communities in response to warming over decadal time scales, Global Change Biol., 10, 1325-1334. (Pubitemid 39052123)
15. Euskirchen, E. S., et al. (2006), Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems, Global Change Biol., 12, 731-750.
16. Euskirchen, E. S., A. D. McGuire, F. S. III Chapin, S. Yi, and, C. C. Thompson, (2009), Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change 2003-2100: Implications for climate feedbacks, Ecol. Appl., 19, 1022-1043.
17. Euskirchen, E. S., M. S. Bret-Harte, G. J. Scott, and, G. R. Shaver, (2012), Seasonal patterns of carbon dioxide and water fluxes in three representative tundra ecosystems in northern Alaska, Ecosphere, 3, 1-19.
18. Fleming, M., (1997), A statewide vegetation map of Alaska using phenological classification of AVHRR data. Proc. Second Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Mapping Workshop and the CAVM-North America Workshop, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S. Geological Survey, 25-26.
19. Gamon, J. A., K. F. Huemmrich, R. S. Stone, and, C. E. Tweedie, (2013), Spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity (NDVI) of coastal Alaskan tundra: Decreased vegetation growth following earlier snowmelt, Remote Sens. Environ., 129, 144-153.
20. Giglio, L., G. R. van der Werf, J. T. Randerson, G. J. Collatz, and, P. Kasibhatla, (2006), Global estimation of burned area using MODIS active fire observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 957-974.
21. Goetz, A. J., A. G. Bunn, G. J. Fiske, and, R. A. Houghton, (2006), Satellite-observed photosynthetic trends across boreal North America associated with climate and fire disturbance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 102, 13,521-13,525.
22. Goswami, S., J. A. Gamon, and, C. E. Tweedie, (2011), Surface hydrology of an arctic ecosystem: Multiscale analysis of a flooding and draining experiment using spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00I07, doi: 10.1029/2010JG001346.
23. Goulden, M. L., G. C. Winston, A. M. S. McMillan, M. E. Litvak, E. R. Read, A. V. Rocha, and, R. Elliot, (2006), An eddy covariance mesonet to measure the effect of forest age on land-atmosphere exchange, Global Change Biol., 12, 2146-2162. (Pubitemid 44560725)
24. Goulden, M. L., A. M. S. McMillan, G. C. Winston, A. V. Rocha, K. L. Manies, J. W. Harden, and, B. P. Bond-Lamberty, (2010), Patterns of NPP, GPP, respiration, and NEP during boreal forest succession, Global Change Biol., 17, 855-871.
25. Harazono, Y., M. Mano, A. Miyata, R. C. Zulueta, and, W. C. Oechel, (2003), Inter-annual carbon dioxide uptake of a wet sedge tundra ecosystems in the arctic, Tellus, 55B, 215-231. (Pubitemid 36610967)
26. Harazono, Y., K. Chikamoto, S. Kikkawa, T. Iwata, N. Nishida, M. Ueyama, Y. Kitaya, M. Mano, and, A. Miyata, (2009), Applications of MODIS-visible bands index, greenery ratio to estimate CO2 budget of a rice paddy in Japan, J. Agric. Meteorol., 65, 365-374.
27. Hayes, D. J., A. D. McGuire, D. W. Kicklighter, K. R. Gurney, T. J. Burnside, and, J. M. Milillo, (2011), Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening? Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25, GB3018, doi: 10.1029/2010GB003813.
28. Heinsch, F. A., et al. (2006), Evaluation of remote sensing based terrestrial productivity from MODIS using regional tower eddy flux network observations, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1908-1925.
29. Hinzman, L. D., et al. (2005), Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other arctic regions, Clim. Change, 72, 251-298. (Pubitemid 41551225)
30. Huemmrich, K. F., et al. (2009), Remote sensing of tundra gross ecosystem productivity and light use efficiency under varying temperature and moisture conditions, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 481-489.
31. Huemmrich, K. F., G. Kinoshita, J. A. Gamon, S. Houston, H. Kwon, and, W. C. Oechel, (2010), Tundra carbon balance under varying temperature and moisture regimes, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G00I02, doi: 10.1029/2009JG001237.
32. Ichii, K., W. Wang, H. Hashimoto, F. Yang, P. Votava, A. R. Michaelis, and, R. R. Nemani, (2009), Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California, Agric. Forest Meteorol., 149, 1907-1918.
33. Ide, R., T. Nakaji, T. Motohka, and, H. Oguma, (2011), Advantages of visible-band spectral remote sensing at both satellite and near-surface scales for monitoring the seasonal dynamics of GPP in a Japanese larch forest, J. Agric. Meteorol., 67, 75-84.
34. Iwata, H., Y. Harazono, and, M. Ueyama, (2010), Influence of source/sink distributions on flux-gradient relationships in the roughness sublayer over an open forest canopy under unstable conditions, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 136, 391-405.
35. Iwata, H., M. Ueyama, Y. Harazono, S. Tsuyuzaki, M. Kondo, and, M. Uchida, (2011), Quick recovery of carbon dioxide exchanges in a burned black spruce forest in Interior Alaska, SOLA, 7, 105-108.
36. Iwata, H., Y. Harazono, and, M. Ueyama, (2012), The role of permafrost in water exchange of a black spruce forest in Interior Alaska, Agric. Forest Meteorol., 161, 107-115.
37. Ji, L., B. Wylie, B. Ramachandran, and, C. Jenkerson, (2010), A comparative analysis of three different MODIS NDVI datasets for Alaska and adjacent Canada, Can. J. Rem. Sens., 36, S149-S167.
38. Jung, M., M. Reichstein, and, A. Bondeau, (2009), Towards global empirical upscaling of FLUXNET eddy covariance observations: Validation of a model tree ensemble approach using a biosphere model, Biogeosciences, 6, 2001-2013.
39. Kasischke, E. S., and, M. R. Turetsky, (2006), Recent changes in the fire regimes across the North American boreal region-Spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, L09703, doi: 10.1029/2006GL025677.
40. Kasischke, E. S., N. H. F. French, K. P. O'Neill, D. D. Richter, L. L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and, P. A. Harrell, (2000), Influence of fire on long-term patterns of forest succession in Alaskan boreal forests, in Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, edited by, E. S. Kasischke, and, B. J. Stockes, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc, New York, USA, 214-235.
41. Kasischke, E. S., et al. (2010), Alaska's changing fire regime-Implications for the vulnerability of its boreal forests, Can. J. Forest Res., 40, 1313-1324.
42. Kwon, H.-J., W. C. Oechel, R. C. Zulueta, and, S. J. Hastings, (2006), Effects of climate variability on carbon sequestration among adjacent wet sedge tundra and moist tussock tundra ecosystems, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G03014, doi: 10.1029/2005JG000036.
43. Liu, H., and, J. T. Randerson, (2008), Interannual variability of surface energy exchange depends on stand age in a boreal forest fire chronosequence, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G01006, doi: 10.1029/2007JG000438.
44. Lund, M., et al. (2010), Variability in exchange of CO2 across 12 northern peatland and tundra sites, Global Change Biol., 16, 2436-2448.
45. McFadden, J. P., W. Eugster, and, F. S. III Chapin, (2003), A regional study of the controls on water vapor and CO2 exchange in arctic tundra, Ecology, 84, 2762-2776. (Pubitemid 38261163)
46. McGuire, A. D., et al. (2012), An assessment of the carbon balance of arctic tundra: Comparison among observations, process models, and atmospheric inversions, Biogeoscience, 9, 3185-3204.
47. Myneni, R. B., et al. (2002), Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 214-231. (Pubitemid 35307470)
48. Nakai, T., Y. Kim, R. C. Busey, R. Suzuki, S. Nagai, H. Kobayashi, H. Park, K. Sugiura, and, A. Ito, (2013), Characteristics of evapotranspiration from a permafrost black spruce forest in interior Alaska, Polar Sci., 7, 136-148.
49. Oechel, W. C., S. J. Hastings, G. Vourlitis, M. Jenkins, G. Riechers, and, N. Grulke, (1993), Recent change of Arctic tundra ecosystems from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source, Nature, 361, 520-523. (Pubitemid 23379700)
50. Oechel, W. C., G. L. Vourlitis, and, S. J. Hastings, (1997), Cold season CO2 emission from Arctic soils, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11 (2), 163-172.
51. Oechel, W. C., G. L. Vourlitis, S. J. Hastings, R. C. Zulueta, L. Hinzman, and, D. Kane, (2000), Acclimation of ecosystem CO2 exchange in the Alaskan Arctic in response to decadal climate warming, Nature, 406, 978-981.
52. Onogi, K., et al. (2007), The JRA-25 reanalysis, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn, 85, 369-432. (Pubitemid 47278749)
53. Papale, D., and, R. Valentini, (2003), A new assessment of European forests carbon exchanges by eddy fluxes and artificial neural network spatialization, Global Change Biol., 9, 525-535. (Pubitemid 36536968)
54. Peters, W., et al. (2007), An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 104, 18,925-18,930.
55. Randerson, J. T., et al. (2006), The impact of boreal forest fire on climate warming, Science, 314, 1130-1132. (Pubitemid 44789040)
56. Rocha, A. V., and, G. R. Shaver, (2011a), Burn severity influences postfire CO2 exchange in arctic tundra, Ecol. Appl., 21, 477-489.
57. Rocha, A. V., and, G. R. Shaver, (2011b), Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: The importance and climate implications of burn severity, Global Change Biol., 17, 2831-2841.
58. Saigusa, N., et al. (2010), Impact of meteorological anomalies in the 2003 summer on gross primary productivity in East Asia, Biogeosciences, 7, 641-655.
59. Shulski, M., and, G. Wendler, (2007), The Climate of Alaska, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, pp. 216.
60. Stoy, P. C., M. Williams, M. Disney, A. Prieto-Blanco, B. Huntley, R. Baxter, and, P. Lewis, (2009), Upscaling as ecological information transfer: A simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange, Landsc. Ecol., 24, 971-986.
61. Street, L. E., G. R. Shaver, M. Williams, and, M. T. van Wijk, (2007), What is the relationship between changes in canopy leaf area and changes in photosynthetic CO2 flux in arctic ecosystems?, J. Ecol., 95, 139-150. (Pubitemid 44952305)
62. Ueyama, M., Y. Harazono, R. Okada, A. Nojiri, E. Ohataki, and, A. Miyata, (2006), Controlling factors on the interannual CO2 budget at a subarctic black spruce forest in interior Alaska, Tellus, 58B, 491-501. (Pubitemid 44575822)
63. Ueyama, M., Y. Harazono, Y. Kim, and, N. Tanaka, (2009), Response of carbon cycle to in sub-arctic black spruce forests to climate change: Reduction of a carbon sink related to the sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration, Agric. Forest Meteorol., 149, 582-602.
64. Ueyama, M., Y. Harazono, and, K. Ichii, (2010), Satellite-based modeling of the carbon fluxes in mature black spruce forests in Alaska: A synthesis of the eddy covariance data and satellite remote sensing data, Earth Interactions, 13, 1-27.
65. Verbyla, D., (2008), The greening and browning of Alaska based on 1982-2003 satellite data, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 17, 547-555. (Pubitemid 351819284)
66. Villarreal, S., R. D. Hollister, D. R. Johnson, M. J. Lara, P. J. Webber, and, C. E. Tweedie, (2012), Tundra vegetation change near Barrow, Alaska (1972-2010), Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 1-10.
67. Vourlitis, G. L., Y. Harazono, W. C. Oechel, M. Yoshimoto, and, M. Mano, (2000), Spatial and temporal variations in hectare-scale net CO2 flux, respiration and gross primary production of Arctic tundra ecosystems, Funct. Ecol., 14, 203-214. (Pubitemid 30597078)
68. Vourlitis, G. L., J. Aillie, W. C. Oechel, A. Hope, D. Stow, and, R. Engstrom, (2003), Spatial variation in regional CO2 exchange for the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska over the summer growing season, Global Change Biol., 9, 930-941. (Pubitemid 36803810)
69. Walker, D. A., et al. (1998), Energy and trace-gas fluxes across a soil pH boundary in the Arctic, Nature, 394, 469-472. (Pubitemid 28373955)
70. Wan, Z., Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and, Z.-I. Li, (2002), Validation of the land-surface temperature products retrieved from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 163-180. (Pubitemid 35307467)
71. Welp, L. R., J. T. Randerson, and, H. P. Liu, (2007), The sensitivity of carbon fluxes to spring warming and summer drought depends on plant functional type in boreal forest ecosystems, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 147, 172-185. (Pubitemid 47615200)
72. van der Werf, G. R., J. T. Randerson, L. Giglio, G. J. Collatz, P. S. Kasibhatla, and, A. F. Jr. Arellano, (2006), Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423-3441. (Pubitemid 44272961)
73. Williams, M. L., and, E. B. Rastetter, (1999), Vegetation characteristics and primary productivity along an arctic transect: Implications for scaling-up, J. Ecology, 87, 885-898. (Pubitemid 29523819)
74. Xiao, J., et al. (2010), A continuous measure of gross primary production for the conterminous United States derived from MODIS and AmeriFlux data, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 576-591.
75. Yang, F., M. A. White, A. R. Michaelis, K. Ichii, H. Hashimoto, P. Votava, A.-X. Zhu, and, R. R. Nemani, (2006), Prediction of continental-scale evapotranspiration by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data through support vector machine, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 3452-3461. (Pubitemid 44711686)
76. Yang, F., K. Ichii, M. A. White, H. Hashimoto, A. R. Michaelis, P. Votava, A.-X. Zhu, A. Huete, S. W. Running, and, R. R. Nemani, (2007), Developing a continental-scale measure of gross primary production by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data through support vector machine approach, Remote Sens. Environ., 110, 109-122. (Pubitemid 47077443)
77. Zhan, H., P. Shi, and, C. Chen, (2003), Retrieval of oceanic chlorophyll concentration using support vector machines, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 2947-2951.
78. Zhang, K., J. S. Kimball, K. C. McDonald, J. J. Cassano, and, S. W. Running, (2007), Impacts of large-scale oscillations on pan-Arctic terrestrial net primary production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21403, doi: 10.1029/2007GL031605.
79. Zhao, M., and, S. W. Running, (2010), Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009, Science, 329, 940-943.
80. Zona, D., W. C. Oechel, J. Kochendorfer, K. T. Paw U, A. N. Salyuk, P. C. Olivas, S. F. Oberbauer, and, D. A. Lipson, (2009), Methane fluxes during the initiation of a large-scale water table manipulation experiment in the Alaskan Arctic tundra, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB2013, doi: 10.1029/2009GB003487.
81. Zona, D., D. A. Lipson, R. C. Zulueta, S. F. Oberbauer, and, W. C. Oechel, (2011), Microtopographic controls on ecosystem functioning in the Arctic Coastal Plain. J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00I08, doi: 10.1029/2009JG001241.
82. Zona, D., D. A. Lipson, K. T. Paw U, S. F. Oberbauer, P. Olivas, B. Gioli, and, W. C. Oechel, (2012), Increased CO2 loss from vegetated drained lake tundra ecosystems due to flooding, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, GB2004, doi: 10.1029/2011GB004037.