Candidemia in the critically ill: Initial therapy and outcome in mechanically ventilated patients

BMC Anesthesiology

Volumn 13, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Ferrada, Marcela A ^a   Quartin, Andrew A ^a,b,d   Kett, Daniel H ^a,b   Morris, Michele I ^a,c  

^a Department of Internal Medicine ^*  (United States)

^b Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Azoles; Candidemia; Echinocandins; Intensive care; Mechanical ventilation

Indexed keywords

ECHINOCANDIN; FLUCONAZOLE;

ADULT; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDA GLABRATA; CANDIDA KRUSEI; CANDIDA PARAPSILOSIS; CANDIDA TROPICALIS; CANDIDEMIA; COHORT ANALYSIS; CRITICAL ILLNESS; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIXED INFECTION; MONOTHERAPY; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL; SURVIVAL TIME; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; VENTILATED PATIENT;

EID: 84886573652     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712253     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2253-13-37     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Wisplinghoff H, Seifert H, Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. Current trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies and solid neoplasms in hospitals in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 36(9):1103-1110. 10.1086/374339, 12715303.
2. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007, 20(1):133-163. 10.1128/CMR.00029-06, 1797637, 17223626.
3. Rangel-Frausto MS, Wiblin T, Blumberg HM, Saiman L, Patterson J, Rinaldi M, Pfaller M, Edwards JE, Jarvis W, Dawson J, et al. National epidemiology of mycoses survey (NEMIS): variations in rates of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in seven surgical intensive care units and six neonatal intensive care units. Clin Infect Dis 1999, 29(2):253-258. 10.1086/520194, 10476721.
4. Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pappas PG. Invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2006, 34(3):857-863. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000201897.78123.44, 16505666.
5. Gudlaugsson O, Gillespie S, Lee K, Vande Berg J, Hu J, Messer S, Herwaldt L, Pfaller M, Diekema D. Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 37(9):1172-1177. 10.1086/378745, 14557960.
6. Falagas ME, Apostolou KE, Pappas VD. Attributable mortality of candidemia: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006, 25(7):419-425. 10.1007/s10096-006-0159-2, 16773391.
7. Garnacho-Montero J, Garcia-Garmendia JL, Barrero-Almodovar A, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Perez-Paredes C, Ortiz-Leyba C. Impact of adequate empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis. Crit Care Med 2003, 31(12):2742-2751. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000098031.24329.10, 14668610.
8. Kolleff MH. Appropriate antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia and sepsis: a necessity, not an issue for debate. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29(2):147-149.
9. Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000, 118(1):146-155. 10.1378/chest.118.1.146, 10893372.
10. Parkins MD, Sabuda DM, Elsayed S, Laupland KB. Adequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007, 60(3):613-618. 10.1093/jac/dkm212, 17576697.
11. Morrell M, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. Delaying the empiric treatment of candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49(9):3640-3645. 10.1128/AAC.49.9.3640-3645.2005, 1195428, 16127033.
12. Garey KW, Rege M, Pai MP, Mingo DE, Suda KJ, Turpin RS, Bearden DT. Time to initiation of fluconazole therapy impacts mortality in patients with candidemia: a multi-institutional study. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43(1):25-31. 10.1086/504810, 16758414.
13. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Boyken L, Tendolkar S, Kroeger J, Diekema DJ. Variation in susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of candida glabrata to fluconazole according to patient age and geographic location in the United States, 2001-2007. J Clin Microbiol 2009, 47(10):3185-3190. 10.1128/JCM.00946-09, 2756923, 19656983.
14. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, Benjamin DK, Calandra TF, Edwards JE, Filler SG, Fisher JF, Kullberg BJ, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 48(5):503-535. 10.1086/596757, 19191635.
15. Dranitsaris G, Phillips P, Rotstein C, Puodziunas A, Shafran S, Garber G, Smaill F, Salit I, Miller M, Williams K, et al. Economic analysis of fluconazole versus amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. Pharmacoeconomics 1998, 13(5 Pt 1):509-518.
16. Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, Nucci M, Talwar D, De Waele JJ, Vazquez JA, Dupont BF, Horn DL, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 45(7):883-893. 10.1086/520980, 17806055.
17. Kuse ER, Chetchotisakd P, da Cunha CA, Ruhnke M, Barrios C, Raghunadharao D, Sekhon JS, Freire A, Ramasubramanian V, Demeyer I, et al. Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a phase III randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2007, 369(9572):1519-1527. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60605-9, 17482982.
18. Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, Colombo AL, Thompson-Moya L, Smietana J, Lupinacci R, Sable C, Kartsonis N, Perfect J. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2002, 347(25):2020-2029. 10.1056/NEJMoa021585, 12490683.
19. Reboli AC, Rotstein C, Pappas PG, Chapman SW, Kett DH, Kumar D, Betts R, Wible M, Goldstein BP, Schranz J, et al. Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2007, 356(24):2472-2482. 10.1056/NEJMoa066906, 17568028.
20. Khan AR, Khan S, Zimmerman V, Baddour LM, Tleyjeh IM. Quality and strength of evidence of the infectious diseases society of America clinical practice guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 51(10):1147-1156. 10.1086/656735, 20946067.
21. Lee DH, Vielemeyer O. Analysis of overall level of evidence behind infectious diseases society of America practice guidelines. Arch Intern Med 2011, 171(1):18-22.
22. Horn DL, Fishman JA, Steinbach WJ, Anaissie EJ, Marr KA, Olyaei AJ, Pfaller MA, Weiss MA, Webster KM, Neofytos D. Presentation of the PATH Alliance registry for prospective data collection and analysis of the epidemiology, therapy, and outcomes of invasive fungal infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007, 59(4):407-414. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.06.008, 17888614.
23. Leleu G, Aegerter P, Guidet B. Systemic candidiasis in intensive care units: a multicenter, matched-cohort study. J Crit Care 2002, 17(3):168-175. 10.1053/jcrc.2002.35815, 12297992.
24. Eggimann P, Garbino J, Pittet D. Management of candida species infections in critically ill patients. Lancet Infect Dis 2003, 3(12):772-785. 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00831-4, 14652203.
25. Marriott DJ, Playford EG, Chen S, Slavin M, Nguyen Q, Ellis D, Sorrell TC. Determinants of mortality in non-neutropenic ICU patients with candidaemia. Crit Care 2009, 13(4):R115. 10.1186/cc7964, 2750162, 19594912.
26. Almirante B, Rodriguez D, Park BJ, Cuenca-Estrella M, Planes AM, Almela M, Mensa J, Sanchez F, Ayats J, Gimenez M, et al. Epidemiology and predictors of mortality in cases of candida bloodstream infection: results from population-based surveillance, barcelona, Spain, from 2002 to 2003. J Clin Microbiol 2005, 43(4):1829-1835. 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1829-1835.2005, 1081396, 15815004.
27. Schelenz S. Management of candidiasis in the intensive care unit. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008, 61(Suppl 1):i31-i34.
28. Andes DR, Safdar N, Baddley JW, Playford G, Reboli AC, Rex JH, Sobel JD, Pappas PG, Kullberg BJ. Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: a patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials. Clin Infect Dis 2012, 54(8):1110-1122. 10.1093/cid/cis021, 22412055.
29. Reller ME, Mallonee AB, Kwiatkowski NP, Merz WG. Use of peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization for definitive, rapid identification of five common candida species. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45(11):3802-3803. 10.1128/JCM.01127-07, 2168530, 17804657.
30. Bennett JE, Izumikawa K, Marr KA. Mechanism of increased fluconazole resistance in candida glabrata during prophylaxis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48(5):1773-1777. 10.1128/AAC.48.5.1773-1777.2004, 400565, 15105134.
31. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Moet GJ, Jones RN, Castanheira M. Candida bloodstream infections: comparison of species distribution and resistance to echinocandin and azole antifungal agents in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (2008-2009). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011, 38(1):65-69. 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.016, 21514797.
32. Wagner DP, Knaus WA, Draper EA. Statistical validation of a severity of illness measure. Am J Public Health 1983, 73(8):878-884. 10.2105/AJPH.73.8.878, 1651115, 6408937.
33. Quartin AA, Schein RM, Kett DH, Peduzzi PN. Prior healthcare utilization as a predictor of survival for medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 2000, 28(8):3053-3059. 10.1097/00003246-200008000-00063, 10966295.
34. Zimmerman JE, Kramer AA, McNair DS, Malila FM. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) IV: hospital mortality assessment for today's critically ill patients. Critical Care Med 2006, 34(5):1297-1310.
35. Stevens V, Lodise TP, Tsuji B, Stringham M, Butterfield J, Dodds Ashley E, Brown K, Forrest A, Brown J. The utility of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores for prediction of mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012, 33(6):558-564. 10.1086/665731, 22561710.
36. Johnston JA. Determinants of mortality in patients with severe sepsis. Med Decis Making 2005, 25(4):374-386. 10.1177/0272989X05278933, 16061889.
37. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001, 29(7):1303-1310. 10.1097/00003246-200107000-00002, 11445675.
38. Kett DH, Azoulay E, Echeverria PM, Vincent JL. Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in a intensive care unit study. Crit Care Med 2011, 39(4):665-670. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318206c1ca, 21169817.
39. Kett DH, Shorr AF, Reboli AC, Reisman AL, Biswas P, Schlamm HT. Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candidiasis. Crit Care 2011, 15(5):R253. 10.1186/cc10514, 3334804, 22026929.
40. Cisneros JM, Neth O, Pachon J. Selection bias in andes et al. Clin Infect Dis 2012, 55(6):893-894. 10.1093/cid/cis524, 22711066.