Occurrence of brominated flame retardants in black thermo cups and selected kitchen utensils purchased on the European market

Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A

Volumn 30, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1976-1986

  Samsonek, J ^a   Puype, F ^a  

^a Institu pro testovani a certifikaci   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

brominated flame retardants; chromatography; food contact materials; mass spectrometry; polymer recycling; thermal desorption; waste electric and electronic equipment; waste management

Indexed keywords

BROMINE; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMMERCE; ELECTRIC CONTACTS; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; ELECTRONIC WASTE; ETHERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PLASTIC RECYCLING; POLYPROPYLENES; STYRENE; THERMAL DESORPTION; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHERS; FOOD CONTACT MATERIAL; FOURIER TRANSFORMED INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMER RECYCLING; WASTE ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS; X RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY;

ABS RESINS;

BROMINE; FLAME RETARDANT; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; POLYETHYLENE; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A;

ARTICLE; DEBROMINATION; EXTRACTION; KITCHEN; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOLVATION; X RAY FLUORESCENCE;

ACRYLIC RESINS; BROMINE; BROMINE COMPOUNDS; BUTADIENES; COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS; EUROPE; FLAME RETARDANTS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD PACKAGING; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYETHYLENES; POLYMERS; POLYPROPYLENES; POLYSTYRENES; SPECTROMETRY, X-RAY EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED;

EID: 84886401940     PISSN: 19440049     EISSN: 14645122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.829246     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Chen Y, Li J, Chen L, Chen S, Diao W. 2012. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastics and printed circuit boards (PCBs). Proc Environ Sci. 16:552-559.
2. Covaci A, Grecke AC, Law RJ, Voorspoels S, Kohler M, Heeb NV, Leslie H, Allchin CR, de Boer J. 2006. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in the environment and humans: a review. Environ Sci Technol. 40:3679-3688.
3. Darnerud PA. 2003. Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife. Environ Int. 29:841-853.
4. Dimitrakakis E, Janz A, Bilitewski B, Gidarakos E. 2009. Small WEEE: determining recyclables and hazardous substances in plastics. J Hazard Mater. 161:913-919.
5. Egebäck AL, Sellström U, McLachlan MS. 2012. Decabromodiphenyl ethane and decabromodiphenyl ether in Swedish background air. Chemosphere. 86:264-269.
6. Entwisle J. 2010. Development of a procedure for the determination of selected brominated flame retardants (PBB, PBDE) in plastics by HPLC-ICP-MS. LGC Reference No. LGC/R/2010/39. Available from: http://www.nmschembio.org.uk/PublicationArticle.aspx?m=83&amid=7093
7. European Commission. 1990. Directive (EC) No. 90/128/EEC of 23 February 1990 relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union L. 25:19.
8. European Commission. 2002. Directive (EC) No. 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Off J Eur Union L. 37:19.
9. European Commission. 2004. Directive (EC) No. No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. Off J Eur Union. L338:4EC.
10. European Commision. 2006. Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Off J Eur Union 396:1.
11. European Commission. 2008. European Regulation (EC) No 282/2008 of 27 March 2008 on recycled plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foods and amending Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006. Off J Eur Union L. 86:9.
12. European Commission. 2011a. Regulation (EC) No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Off J Eur Union. L. 39:41.
13. European Commission. 2011b. Directive (EC) No. 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Off J Eur Union L. 179:88.
14. Fernandez MF, Araque P, Kiviranta H, Molina-Molina JM, Rantakokko P, Laine O, Vartiainen T, Olea N. 2006. PBDEs and PBBs in the adipose tissue of women from Spain. Chemosphere. 66:377-383.
15. Giergon J, Grochowalski A, Chrzszcz R. 2010. PBB levels in fish from the Baltic and North seas and in selected food products from Poland. Chemosphere. 78:1272-1278.
16. Hajšlová J, Pulkrabová J, Poustka J, Čajka T, Randák T. 2007. Bromianted flame retardants and related chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in fish from river Elbe and its main tributary Vltava. Chemosphere. 69: 1195-1203.
17. Harju M, Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Boon JP, Tysklind M, Andersson PL. 2007. Quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling on in vitro endocrine effects and metabolic stability involving 26 selected brominated flame retardants. Environ Toxicol Chem. 26:816-826.
18. Hirai Y, Sakai S. 2007. Brominated flame retardants in recycled plastic products. BFR 2007. Paper Presented at: the 4th International Symposium on Brominated Flame Retardants; Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
19. Hosaka A, Watanabe Ch, Tsung S. 2005. Rapid determination of decabromodiphenyl ether in polystyrene by thermal desorption-GC/MS. Anal Sci. 21:1145-1147.
20. Hui-Qin W, Xiao-Lan H, Fang H, Xiao-Shan L. 2007. Determination of polybrominated ethers and polybromobiphenyls in electrical and electronic equipments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chin J Anal Chem. 35:325-329.
21. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). 2008. IEC 62321 Ed.1: "Electrotechnical products - Determination of levels of six regulated substances (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers)", IEC/FDIS 2008. Available from: http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/Artnum_PK/42411
22. Jenssen BM, Sørmo EG, Bæk K, Bytingsvik J, Gaustad H, Ruus A, Skaare JU. 2007. Brominated flame retardants in North-East Atlantic marine ecosystems. Environ Health Perspect. 115:35-41.
23. Kierkegaard A, Sellström U, McLachlan MS. 2009. Environmental analysis of higher brominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenyl ethane. J Chromatogr A. 1216:364-375.
24. Martinho G, Pires A, Saraiva L, Ribeiro R. 2012. Composition of plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) by direct sampling. Waste Manage. 32:1213-1217.
25. Muncke J. 2009. Exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds via the food chain: Is packaging a relevant source? Sci Total Environ. 407:4549-4559.
26. Pöhlein M, Bertran RU, Wolf M, Van Eldrik R. 2005. Rapid identification of RoHS-relevant flame retardants from polymer housings by ultrasonic extraction and RP-HPLC/UV. J Chromatogr A. 1066:111-117.
27. Pöhlein M, Llopis AS, Wolf M, van Eldrik R. 2008. Versatile and fast gas chromatographic determination of frequently used brominated flame retardants in styrenic polymers. J Chromatogr A. 1203:217-228.
28. Puype F, Samsonek J. 2008. Evaluation of the quantitative analysis of PBDEs in plastics by thermal desorption GC-MS for soluble plastics. Dioxin 2008. Organohalogen Compounds. 70:1522-1525.
29. Ricklund N, Kierkegaard A, McLachlan MS. 2008. An international survey of decabromodiphenyl ethane (deBDethane) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) in sewage sludge samples. Chemosphere. 73:1799-1804.
30. Samsonek J, Puype F. 2007. Rapid determination of certain BFRs in plastics by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and thermal desorption GC-MS (TD-GC-MS) for the RoHS directive. Organohalogen Compounds. 69:2789-2792.
31. Schecter A, Haffner D, Colacino J, Patel K, Päpke O, Opel M,Birnbaum L. 2010. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclodecane (HBCD) in composite U.S. food samples. Environ Health Perspect. 118: 357-362.
32. Schlummer M, Brandl M, Mäurer A, van Eldik R. 2005. Analysis of flame retardant additives in polymer fractions of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) by means of HPLC-UV/MS and GPC-HPLC-UV. J Chromatogr A. 1064:39-51.
33. Schlummer M, Gruber L, Mäurer A, Wolz G, van Eldik R. 2007. Characterisation of polymer fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and implications for waste management. Chemosphere. 67:1866-1876.
34. Stapleton HM, Klosterhaus S, Keller A, Ferguson PL, van Bergen S, Cooper E, Webster TF, Blum A. 2011. Identification of flame retardants in polyurethane foam collected from baby products. Environ Sci Technol. 45: 5323-5331.
35. Szymańska JA, Piotrowski JK, Frydrych B. 2000. Hepatotoxicity of tetrabromobisphenol-A: effects of repeated dosage in rats. Toxicology. 142:87-95.
36. Vilaplana F, Karlsson P, Ribes-Greus A, Ivarsson P, Karlsson S. 2008. Analysis of brominated flame retardants in styrenic polymers. Comparison of the extraction efficiency of ultrasonication, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A. 1196-1197:139-146.
37. Wienold J, Recknagel S, Scharf H, Hoppe M, Michaelis M. 2011. Elemental analysis of printed circuit boards considering ROHS regulation. Waste Manag. 31:530-535.
38. Zhang XL, Luo XJ, Chen SJ, Wu JP, Mai BX. 2009. Spatial distribution and vertical profile of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, tetrabromobisphenol A, and decabromodiphenylethane in river sediment from an industrialized region of South China. Environ Pollut. 157:1917-1923.
39. Zhao Y, Yang L, Wang Q. 2007. Pulsed large volume injection gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 18:1375-1386.