메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 327-356

Treatment of Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure

Author keywords

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) industry sponsored, large, national (USA); Acute heart failure (AHF), relatively ignored compared to chronic or congestive heart failure (CHF); Acute heart failure pathophysiology; Acute heart failure, based on specific clinical characteristics presented by European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines; AHF, and pathophysiological abnormality with identifiable trigger or precipitating event; Dyspnea, most common symptom in patients with AHF; Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEI) and cAMP, a ubiquitous signaling molecule increasing inotropy; Pre discharge phase focusing on goals of optimizing chronic oral therapy; Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) important diagnostic tool in selected patients; Treatment of acutely decompensated heart failure

Indexed keywords


EID: 84886154073     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470669402.ch14     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 70449525363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and Management of Acute Heart Failure
    • In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DM, Zipes DP, eds., 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier;
    • Teerlink JR. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Heart Failure. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DM, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2008:583-610.
    • (2008) Braunwald's Heart Disease , pp. 583-610
    • Teerlink, J.R.1
  • 3
  • 4
    • 84886114671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Clinician's Guide for Diagnosis and Treatment
    • eds., London: Taylor and Francis, LTD;
    • O'Connor CM, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Adams KF, eds. Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Clinician's Guide for Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Taylor and Francis, LTD; 2005.
    • (2005)
    • O'Connor, C.M.1    Stough, W.G.2    Gheorghiade, M.3    Adams, K.F.4
  • 5
    • 60449094498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.
    • Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009. 119:e21-181.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.1    Adams, R.2    Carnethon, M.3
  • 6
    • 20544453277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology.
    • Swedberg K, Cleland J, Dargie H et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 2005; 26: 1115-1140.
    • (2005) Eur Heart J , vol.26 , pp. 1115-1140
    • Swedberg, K.1    Cleland, J.2    Dargie, H.3
  • 7
    • 53249090182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM).
    • Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J, 2008; 29: 2388-2442.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2388-2442
    • Dickstein, K.1    Cohen-Solal, A.2    Filippatos, G.3
  • 8
    • 20044379730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology.
    • Nieminen MS, Bohm M, Cowie MR et al. Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 2005; 26: 384-416.
    • (2005) Eur Heart J , vol.26 , pp. 384-416
    • Nieminen, M.S.1    Bohm, M.2    Cowie, M.R.3
  • 9
    • 0037901406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure.
    • Nohria A, Tsang SW, Fang JC et al. Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure. JAm Coll Cardiol, 2003; 41: 1797-1804.
    • (2003) JAm Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 1797-1804
    • Nohria, A.1    Tsang, S.W.2    Fang, J.C.3
  • 10
    • 63849177462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.
    • 2009
    • Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH et al.2009 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. JAm Coll Cardiol, 2009;53:e1-e90.
    • (2009) JAm Coll Cardiol , vol.53
    • Hunt, S.A.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Chin, M.H.3
  • 11
    • 33644765719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in in-hospital management and outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure: analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE).
    • Galvao M, Kalman J, DeMarco T et al. Gender differences in in-hospital management and outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure: analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). J Card Fail, 2006; 12: 100-107.
    • (2006) J Card Fail , vol.12 , pp. 100-107
    • Galvao, M.1    Kalman, J.2    DeMarco, T.3
  • 12
    • 84995363390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Euro-Heart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population.
    • Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K et al. Euro-Heart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J, 2006; 27: 2725-2736.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 2725-2736
    • Nieminen, M.S.1    Brutsaert, D.2    Dickstein, K.3
  • 13
    • 19544384688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute heart failure: clinical presentation, one-year mortality and prognostic factors.
    • Rudiger A, Harjola VP, Muller A et al. Acute heart failure: clinical presentation, one-year mortality and prognostic factors. Eur J Heart Fail, 2005; 7: 662-670.
    • (2005) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.7 , pp. 662-670
    • Rudiger, A.1    Harjola, V.P.2    Muller, A.3
  • 14
    • 33646722654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationwide survey on acute heart failure in cardiology ward services in Italy.
    • Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Lucci D et al. Nationwide survey on acute heart failure in cardiology ward services in Italy. Eur Heart J, 2006; 27: 1207-1215.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 1207-1215
    • Tavazzi, L.1    Maggioni, A.P.2    Lucci, D.3
  • 15
    • 84886137500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee. Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE® ) Core Module Q1 2006 Final Cumulative National Benchmark Report: Scios, Inc.; 2006.
    • ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee. Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE® ) Core Module Q1 2006 Final Cumulative National Benchmark Report: Scios, Inc.; 2006.
  • 16
    • 0038651271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, quality of care, and outcomes of elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure.
    • Rathore SS, Foody JM, Wang Y et al. Race, quality of care, and outcomes of elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. Jama, 2003; 289: 2517-2524.
    • (2003) Jama , vol.289 , pp. 2517-2524
    • Rathore, S.S.1    Foody, J.M.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 17
    • 84886119785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the natural history and improving quality of care for African-Americans hospitalized with heart failure: A report from OPTIMIZE-HF.
    • Yancy C, Stough WG, Abraham WT, Greenberg B, She L, Fonarow GC. Defining the natural history and improving quality of care for African-Americans hospitalized with heart failure: A report from OPTIMIZE-HF. J Card Fail 2005. 11:S190.
    • (2005) J Card Fail , vol.11
    • Yancy, C.1    Stough, W.G.2    Abraham, W.T.3    Greenberg, B.4    She, L.5    Fonarow, G.C.6
  • 18
    • 0037336371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EuroHeart Failure survey programme-a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis.
    • Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F et al. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme-a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J, 2003; 24: 442-463.
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 442-463
    • Cleland, J.G.1    Swedberg, K.2    Follath, F.3
  • 19
    • 10344229427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure.
    • Felker GM, Leimberger JD, Califf RM et al. Risk stratification after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail, 2004; 10: 460-466.
    • (2004) J Card Fail , vol.10 , pp. 460-466
    • Felker, G.M.1    Leimberger, J.D.2    Califf, R.M.3
  • 20
    • 33750731595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure.
    • Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM et al. Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. Jama, 2006; 296: 2217-2226.
    • (2006) Jama , vol.296 , pp. 2217-2226
    • Gheorghiade, M.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Albert, N.M.3
  • 21
    • 0037067839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and determinants of survival in patients newly hospitalized for heart failure: a population-based study.
    • Jong P, Vowinckel E, Liu PP, Gong Y, Tu JV. Prognosis and determinants of survival in patients newly hospitalized for heart failure: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med, 2002; 162: 1689-1694.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1689-1694
    • Jong, P.1    Vowinckel, E.2    Liu, P.P.3    Gong, Y.4    Tu, J.V.5
  • 22
    • 0344420330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model.
    • Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, Liu PP, Naimark D, Tu JV. Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model. Jama, 2003; 290: 2581-2587.
    • (2003) Jama , vol.290 , pp. 2581-2587
    • Lee, D.S.1    Austin, P.C.2    Rouleau, J.L.3    Liu, P.P.4    Naimark, D.5    Tu, J.V.6
  • 23
    • 16244362022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: observations from the IMPACT-HF registry.
    • O'Connor CM, Stough WG, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: observations from the IMPACT-HF registry. J Card Fail, 2005; 11: 200-205.
    • (2005) J Card Fail , vol.11 , pp. 200-205
    • O'Connor, C.M.1    Stough, W.G.2    Gallup, D.S.3    Hasselblad, V.4    Gheorghiade, M.5
  • 24
    • 30444441774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical profile, contemporary management and one-year mortality in patients with severe acute heart failure syndromes: The EFICA study.
    • Zannad F, Mebazaa A, Juilliere Y, et al. Clinical profile, contemporary management and one-year mortality in patients with severe acute heart failure syndromes: The EFICA study. Eur J Heart Fail, 2006; 8: 697-705.
    • (2006) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.8 , pp. 697-705
    • Zannad, F.1    Mebazaa, A.2    Juilliere, Y.3
  • 25
    • 33644878033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research.
    • Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G et al. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation, 2005; 112: 3958-3968.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3958-3968
    • Gheorghiade, M.1    Zannad, F.2    Sopko, G.3
  • 26
    • 12844281204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis
    • Fonarow GC, Adams KF, Jr., Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis. Jama 2005. 293:572-580.
    • (2005) Jama , vol.293 , pp. 572-580
    • Fonarow, G.C.1    Adams Jr., K.F.2    Abraham, W.T.3    Yancy, C.W.4    Boscardin, W.J.5
  • 27
    • 0037425535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic
    • Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC, Jr., Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. Jama 2003. 289:194-202.
    • (2003) Jama , vol.289 , pp. 194-202
    • Redfield, M.M.1    Jacobsen, S.J.2    Burnett Jr., J.C.3    Mahoney, D.W.4    Bailey, K.R.5    Rodeheffer, R.J.6
  • 28
    • 3843094224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diastolic heart failure-abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle.
    • Zile MR, Baicu CF, Gaasch WH. Diastolic heart failure-abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle. N Engl J Med, 2004; 350: 1953-1959.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1953-1959
    • Zile, M.R.1    Baicu, C.F.2    Gaasch, W.H.3
  • 29
    • 34547542423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of renal dysfunction and its impact on outcome in 118,465 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure: a report from the ADHERE database.
    • Heywood JT, Fonarow GC, Costanzo MR, Mathur VS, Wigneswaran JR, Wynne J. High prevalence of renal dysfunction and its impact on outcome in 118,465 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure: a report from the ADHERE database. J Card Fail, 2007; 13: 422-430.
    • (2007) J Card Fail , vol.13 , pp. 422-430
    • Heywood, J.T.1    Fonarow, G.C.2    Costanzo, M.R.3    Mathur, V.S.4    Wigneswaran, J.R.5    Wynne, J.6
  • 30
    • 59649087169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased central venous pressure is associated with impaired renal function and mortality in a broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular disease.
    • Damman K, van Deursen VM, Navis G, Voors AA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hillege HL. Increased central venous pressure is associated with impaired renal function and mortality in a broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 53: 582-588.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 582-588
    • Damman, K.1    Van Deursen, V.M.2    Navis, G.3    Voors, A.A.4    Van Veldhuisen, D.J.5    Hillege, H.L.6
  • 31
    • 59649118099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced decompensated heart failure.
    • Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Francis GS et al. Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 53: 589-596.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 589-596
    • Mullens, W.1    Abrahams, Z.2    Francis, G.S.3
  • 32
    • 29544447206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema.
    • Ware LB, Matthay MA. Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med, 2005; 353: 2788-2796.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2788-2796
    • Ware, L.B.1    Matthay, M.A.2
  • 33
    • 43549083514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure.
    • Peacock WFt, DeMarco T, Fonarow GC et al. Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med, 2008; 358: 2117-2126.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2117-2126
    • Peacock W.F.T1    DeMarco, T.2    Fonarow, G.C.3
  • 34
    • 0037299618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurohormonal prediction of mortality following admission for decompensated heart failure.
    • Aronson D, Burger AJ. Neurohormonal prediction of mortality following admission for decompensated heart failure. Am J Cardiol, 2003; 91: 245-248.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.91 , pp. 245-248
    • Aronson, D.1    Burger, A.J.2
  • 35
    • 29144462578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of acute decompensated heart failure in Argentina: lessons learned from 5 registries during the last decade.
    • Perna ER, Barbagelata A, Grinfeld L et al. Overview of acute decompensated heart failure in Argentina: lessons learned from 5 registries during the last decade. Am Heart J, 2006; 151: 84-91.
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , pp. 84-91
    • Perna, E.R.1    Barbagelata, A.2    Grinfeld, L.3
  • 36
    • 33749187123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
    • Heart Failure Society of America.
    • Heart Failure Society of America. Evaluation and management of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail 2006. 12:e86-e103.
    • (2006) J Card Fail , vol.12
  • 37
    • 0037130155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure.
    • Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med, 2002; 347: 161-167.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 161-167
    • Maisel, A.S.1    Krishnaswamy, P.2    Nowak, R.M.3
  • 38
    • 30744458817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study.
    • Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J, 2006; 27: 330-337.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 330-337
    • Januzzi, J.L.1    Van Kimmenade, R.2    Lainchbury, J.3
  • 39
    • 1442265589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea.
    • Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K et al. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med, 2004; 350: 647-654.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 647-654
    • Mueller, C.1    Scholer, A.2    Laule-Kilian, K.3
  • 40
    • 34547692626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of plasma biomarkers in acute heart failure. Serial changes and independent prognostic value of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin-T.
    • Metra M, Nodari S, Parrinello G et al. The role of plasma biomarkers in acute heart failure. Serial changes and independent prognostic value of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin-T. Eur J Heart Fail, 2007; 9: 776-786.
    • (2007) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.9 , pp. 776-786
    • Metra, M.1    Nodari, S.2    Parrinello, G.3
  • 41
    • 0035804283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension.
    • Gandhi SK, Powers JC, Nomeir AM et al. The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associated with hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2001; 344: 17-22.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 17-22
    • Gandhi, S.K.1    Powers, J.C.2    Nomeir, A.M.3
  • 42
    • 26044478155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
    • Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Stevenson LW et al. Impact of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Jama, 2005; 294: 1664-1670.
    • (2005) Jama , vol.294 , pp. 1664-1670
    • Shah, M.R.1    Hasselblad, V.2    Stevenson, L.W.3
  • 43
    • 26044460566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial.
    • Binanay C, Califf RM, Hasselblad V et al. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. Jama, 2005; 294: 1625-1633.
    • (2005) Jama , vol.294 , pp. 1625-1633
    • Binanay, C.1    Califf, R.M.2    Hasselblad, V.3
  • 44
    • 25144434821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of randomized clinical trials in acute heart failure syndromes.
    • Teerlink JR. Overview of randomized clinical trials in acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005. 96:59G-67G.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96
    • Teerlink, J.R.1
  • 45
    • 70349275776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the use of continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the early treatment of patients presenting to the emergency department with severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: the 3CPO trial.
    • Gray AJ, Goodacre S, Newby DE et al. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the use of continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the early treatment of patients presenting to the emergency department with severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: the 3CPO trial. Health Technol Assess, 2009; 13: 1-106.
    • (2009) Health Technol Assess , vol.13 , pp. 1-106
    • Gray, A.J.1    Goodacre, S.2    Newby, D.E.3
  • 46
    • 0036095631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concomitant beta-blocker therapy is associated with a lower occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with decompensated heart failure.
    • Aronson D, Burger AJ. Concomitant beta-blocker therapy is associated with a lower occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail, 2002; 8: 79-85.
    • (2002) J Card Fail , vol.8 , pp. 79-85
    • Aronson, D.1    Burger, A.J.2
  • 47
    • 33744967948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betablocker use and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients.
    • Butler J, Young JB, Abraham WT et al. Betablocker use and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006; 47: 2462-2469.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 2462-2469
    • Butler, J.1    Young, J.B.2    Abraham, W.T.3
  • 48
    • 0032492071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of high-dose isosorbide dinitrate plus low-dose furosemide versus high-dose furosemide plus low-dose isosorbide dinitrate in severe pulmonary oedema.
    • Cotter G, Metzkor E, Kaluski E et al. Randomised trial of high-dose isosorbide dinitrate plus low-dose furosemide versus high-dose furosemide plus low-dose isosorbide dinitrate in severe pulmonary oedema. Lancet, 1998; 351: 389-393.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 389-393
    • Cotter, G.1    Metzkor, E.2    Kaluski, E.3
  • 49
    • 0037181511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial
    • VMAC Investigators.
    • VMAC Investigators. Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 2002; 287: 1531-1540.
    • (2002) Jama , vol.287 , pp. 1531-1540
  • 50
    • 0347593910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects on left ventricular filling pressure of intravenous nesiritide and high-dose nitroglycerin in patients with decompensated heart failure.
    • Elkayam U, Akhter MW, Singh H, Khan S, Usman A. Comparison of effects on left ventricular filling pressure of intravenous nesiritide and high-dose nitroglycerin in patients with decompensated heart failure. Am J Cardiol, 2004; 93: 237-240.
    • (2004) Am J Cardiol , vol.93 , pp. 237-240
    • Elkayam, U.1    Akhter, M.W.2    Singh, H.3    Khan, S.4    Usman, A.5
  • 51
    • 0037094214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurohormonal activation rapidly decreases after intravenous therapy with diuretics and vasodilators for class IV heart failure.
    • Johnson W, Omland T, Hall C et al. Neurohormonal activation rapidly decreases after intravenous therapy with diuretics and vasodilators for class IV heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 39: 1623-1629.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1623-1629
    • Johnson, W.1    Omland, T.2    Hall, C.3
  • 52
    • 0020070495 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sodium nitroprusside on mortality in acute myocardial infarction.
    • Durrer JD, Lie KI, van Capelle FJ, Durrer D. Effect of sodium nitroprusside on mortality in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med, 1982; 306: 1121-1128.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.306 , pp. 1121-1128
    • Durrer, J.D.1    Lie, K.I.2    Van Capelle, F.J.3    Durrer, D.4
  • 53
    • 0020026722 scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term infusion of sodium nitroprusside on mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure: results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study.
    • Cohn JN, Franciosa JA, Francis GS et al. Effect of short-term infusion of sodium nitroprusside on mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure: results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study. N Engl J Med, 1982; 306: 1129-1135.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.306 , pp. 1129-1135
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Franciosa, J.A.2    Francis, G.S.3
  • 54
    • 46249114127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium nitroprusside for advanced low-output heart failure.
    • Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Francis GS et al. Sodium nitroprusside for advanced low-output heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 52: 200-207.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 200-207
    • Mullens, W.1    Abrahams, Z.2    Francis, G.S.3
  • 55
    • 33749079898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death associated with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure.
    • Aaronson KD, Sackner-Bernstein J. Risk of death associated with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Jama, 2006; 296: 1465-1466.
    • (2006) Jama , vol.296 , pp. 1465-1466
    • Aaronson, K.D.1    Sackner-Bernstein, J.2
  • 56
    • 17144392493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term risk of death after treatment with nesiritide for decompensated heart failure: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    • Sackner-Bernstein JD, Kowalski M, Fox M, Aaron-son K. Short-term risk of death after treatment with nesiritide for decompensated heart failure: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Jama, 2005; 293: 1900-1905.
    • (2005) Jama , vol.293 , pp. 1900-1905
    • Sackner-Bernstein, J.D.1    Kowalski, M.2    Fox, M.3    Aaron-son, K.4
  • 57
    • 16344377117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure.
    • Sackner-Bernstein JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson KD. Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Circulation, 2005; 111: 1487-1491.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 1487-1491
    • Sackner-Bernstein, J.D.1    Skopicki, H.A.2    Aaronson, K.D.3
  • 58
    • 16344371647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nesiritide and worsening of renal function: the emperor's new clothes?
    • Teerlink JR, Massie BM. Nesiritide and worsening of renal function: the emperor's new clothes? Circulation, 2005; 111: 1459-1461.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 1459-1461
    • Teerlink, J.R.1    Massie, B.M.2
  • 59
    • 4043171309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure meeting: SHAPE, BRING-UP 2 VAS, COLA II, FOSIDIAL, BETACAR, CASINO and meta-analysis of cardiac resynchronisation therapy.
    • Coletta AP, Cleland JG, Freemantle N, Clark AL. Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure meeting: SHAPE, BRING-UP 2 VAS, COLA II, FOSIDIAL, BETACAR, CASINO and meta-analysis of cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Eur J Heart Fail, 2004; 6: 673-676.
    • (2004) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.6 , pp. 673-676
    • Coletta, A.P.1    Cleland, J.G.2    Freemantle, N.3    Clark, A.L.4
  • 60
    • 0037142946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial.
    • Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet, 2002; 360: 196-202.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 196-202
    • Follath, F.1    Cleland, J.G.2    Just, H.3
  • 61
    • 15944372322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: low-dose dopamine increases urine output but does not prevent renal dysfunction or death.
    • Friedrich JO, Adhikari N, Herridge MS, Beyene J. Meta-analysis: low-dose dopamine increases urine output but does not prevent renal dysfunction or death. Ann Intern Med, 2005; 142: 510-524.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.142 , pp. 510-524
    • Friedrich, J.O.1    Adhikari, N.2    Herridge, M.S.3    Beyene, J.4
  • 62
    • 0037010006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol.
    • Metra M, Nodari S, D'Aloia A et al. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 40: 1248-1258.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 1248-1258
    • Metra, M.1    Nodari, S.2    D'Aloia, A.3
  • 63
    • 0037181515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • et al. Shortterm intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.
    • Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF, Jr. et al. Shortterm intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 2002; 287: 1541-1547.
    • (2002) Jama , vol.287 , pp. 1541-1547
    • Cuffe, M.S.1    Califf, R.M.2    Adams Jr., K.F.3
  • 64
    • 0037454137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure etiology and response to milrinone in decompensated heart failure: results from the OPTIME-CHF study.
    • Felker GM, Benza RL, Chandler AB et al. Heart failure etiology and response to milrinone in decompensated heart failure: results from the OPTIME-CHF study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003; 41: 997-1003.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 997-1003
    • Felker, G.M.1    Benza, R.L.2    Chandler, A.B.3
  • 65
    • 29444454634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association: REPAIR-AMI, ASTAMI, JELIS, MEGA, REVIVE-II, SURVIVE, and PROACTIVE.
    • Cleland JG, Freemantle N, Coletta AP, Clark AL. Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association: REPAIR-AMI, ASTAMI, JELIS, MEGA, REVIVE-II, SURVIVE, and PROACTIVE. Eur J Heart Fail, 2006; 8: 105-110.
    • (2006) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.8 , pp. 105-110
    • Cleland, J.G.1    Freemantle, N.2    Coletta, A.P.3    Clark, A.L.4
  • 66
    • 33846811342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure.
    • Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT et al. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 49: 675-683.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 675-683
    • Costanzo, M.R.1    Guglin, M.E.2    Saltzberg, M.T.3
  • 67
    • 24944563849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure).
    • Hunt SA. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005. 46:e1-82.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46
    • Hunt, S.A.1
  • 68
    • 2342424462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: results of the Initiation Management Predischarge: Process for Assessment of Carvedilol Therapy in Heart Failure (IMPACT-HF) trial.
    • Gattis WA, O'Connor CM, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M. Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: results of the Initiation Management Predischarge: Process for Assessment of Carvedilol Therapy in Heart Failure (IMPACT-HF) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 43: 1534-1541.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1534-1541
    • Gattis, W.A.1    O'Connor, C.M.2    Gallup, D.S.3    Hasselblad, V.4    Gheorghiade, M.5
  • 69
    • 33845330923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol use at discharge in patients hospitalized for heart failure is associated with improved survival: An analysis from Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF).
    • Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM et al. Carvedilol use at discharge in patients hospitalized for heart failure is associated with improved survival: An analysis from Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Am Heart J 2007;153: 82 e81-82 e11.
    • (2007) Am Heart J , vol.153 , Issue.82
    • Fonarow, G.C.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Albert, N.M.3
  • 70
    • 1542610656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive discharge planning with postdischarge support for older patients with congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis.
    • Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, Singa RM, Shep-perd S, Rubin HR. Comprehensive discharge planning with postdischarge support for older patients with congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis. Jama, 2004; 291: 1358-1367.
    • (2004) Jama , vol.291 , pp. 1358-1367
    • Phillips, C.O.1    Wright, S.M.2    Kern, D.E.3    Singa, R.M.4    Shep-perd, S.5    Rubin, H.R.6
  • 71
    • 33845316420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging therapies for the management of decompensated heart failure: from bench to bedside.
    • deGoma EM, Vagelos RH, Fowler MB, Ashley EA. Emerging therapies for the management of decompensated heart failure: from bench to bedside. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006; 48: 2397-2409.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 2397-2409
    • DeGoma, E.M.1    Vagelos, R.H.2    Fowler, M.B.3    Ashley, E.A.4
  • 72
    • 33846225206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 1-2 dose-escalating study evaluating the safety and tolerability of istaroxime and specific effects on electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced systolic function.
    • Ghali JK, Smith WB, Torre-Amione G et al. A phase 1-2 dose-escalating study evaluating the safety and tolerability of istaroxime and specific effects on electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced systolic function. Am J Cardiol 2007. 99:47A-56A.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.99
    • Ghali, J.K.1    Smith, W.B.2    Torre-Amione, G.3
  • 73
    • 44449084777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and neurohormonal effects of istaroxime, a novel intravenous inotropic and lusitropic agent: a randomized controlled trial in patients hospitalized with heart failure.
    • Gheorghiade M, Blair JE, Filippatos GS et al. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and neurohormonal effects of istaroxime, a novel intravenous inotropic and lusitropic agent: a randomized controlled trial in patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAm Coll Cardiol, 2008; 51: 2276-2285.
    • (2008) JAm Coll Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 2276-2285
    • Gheorghiade, M.1    Blair, J.E.2    Filippatos, G.S.3
  • 74
    • 37549012800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective cardiac myosin activator, CK-1827452, increases left ventricular systolic function by increasing ejection time: Results of a first-in-human study of a unique and novel mechanism.
    • Teerlink JR, Malik FI, Clarke CP et al. The selective cardiac myosin activator, CK-1827452, increases left ventricular systolic function by increasing ejection time: Results of a first-in-human study of a unique and novel mechanism. J Card Fail 2006. 12:763.
    • (2006) J Card Fail , vol.12 , pp. 763
    • Teerlink, J.R.1    Malik, F.I.2    Clarke, C.P.3
  • 75
    • 70449112931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel approach to improve cardiac performance: cardiac myosin activators.
    • Teerlink JR. A novel approach to improve cardiac performance: cardiac myosin activators. Heart Fail Rev 2009.
    • (2009) Heart Fail Rev
    • Teerlink, J.R.1
  • 76
    • 28844443940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the renal natriuretic peptide urodilatin (ularitide) in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose trial.
    • Mitrovic V, Luss H, Nitsche K, et al. Effects of the renal natriuretic peptide urodilatin (ularitide) in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose trial. Am Heart J 2005. 150:1239.e1231-1239.e1238.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.150
    • Mitrovic, V.1    Luss, H.2    Nitsche, K.3
  • 77
    • 33845342902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemo-dynamic and clinical effects of ularitide in decompensated heart failure.
    • Mitrovic V, Seferovic PM, Simeunovic D et al. Haemo-dynamic and clinical effects of ularitide in decompensated heart failure. Eur Heart J, 2006; 27: 2823-2832.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 2823-2832
    • Mitrovic, V.1    Seferovic, P.M.2    Simeunovic, D.3
  • 78
    • 77953465594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AlbuBNP (Cardeva), a Novel Recombinant Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Serum Albumin Fusion Protein Has Prolonged Renal Enhancing Properties When Compared to Human BNP.
    • Chen HH, Martin FL, Cataliotti A, Schirger JA, Burnett JC. AlbuBNP (Cardeva), a Novel Recombinant Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Serum Albumin Fusion Protein Has Prolonged Renal Enhancing Properties When Compared to Human BNP. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007. 13:S145.
    • (2007) Journal of Cardiac Failure , vol.13
    • Chen, H.H.1    Martin, F.L.2    Cataliotti, A.3    Schirger, J.A.4    Burnett, J.C.5
  • 80
    • 33748091739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxin-a pleiotropic hormone and its emerging role for experimental and clinical therapeutics.
    • Dschietzig T, Bartsch C, Baumann G, Stangl K. Relaxin-a pleiotropic hormone and its emerging role for experimental and clinical therapeutics. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2006; 112: 38-56.
    • (2006) Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.112 , pp. 38-56
    • Dschietzig, T.1    Bartsch, C.2    Baumann, G.3    Stangl, K.4
  • 81
    • 65249190276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study.
    • Teerlink JR, Metra M, Felker GM et al. Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study. Lancet, 2009; 373: 1429-1439.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 1429-1439
    • Teerlink, J.R.1    Metra, M.2    Felker, G.M.3
  • 82
    • 0037133628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BG9719 (CVT-124), an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, protects against the decline in renal function observed with diuretic therapy.
    • Gottlieb SS, Brater DC, Thomas I et al. BG9719 (CVT-124), an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, protects against the decline in renal function observed with diuretic therapy. Circulation, 2002; 105: 1348-1353.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Gottlieb, S.S.1    Brater, D.C.2    Thomas, I.3
  • 83
    • 34848892574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effects of KW-3902, an Adenosine A1-Receptor Antagonist,on Diuresis and Renal Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Renal Impairment or Diuretic Resistance.
    • Givertz MM, Massie BM, Fields TK, Pearson LL, Dittrich HC. The Effects of KW-3902, an Adenosine A1-Receptor Antagonist,on Diuresis and Renal Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Renal Impairment or Diuretic Resistance. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007; 50: 1551-1560.
    • (2007) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.50 , pp. 1551-1560
    • Givertz, M.M.1    Massie, B.M.2    Fields, T.K.3    Pearson, L.L.4    Dittrich, H.C.5
  • 84
    • 52949105070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PROTECT pilot study: a randomized, placebocontrolled, dose-finding study of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist rolofylline in patients with acute heart failure and renal impairment.
    • Cotter G, Dittrich HC, Weatherley BD et al. The PROTECT pilot study: a randomized, placebocontrolled, dose-finding study of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist rolofylline in patients with acute heart failure and renal impairment. J Card Fail 2008. 14:631-640.
    • (2008) J Card Fail , vol.14 , pp. 631-640
    • Cotter, G.1    Dittrich, H.C.2    Weatherley, B.D.3
  • 85
    • 47149107422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of tolvaptan in acute decompensated heart failure.
    • Ho JE, Teerlink JR. Role of tolvaptan in acute decompensated heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2008; 6: 601-608.
    • (2008) Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther , vol.6 , pp. 601-608
    • Ho, J.E.1    Teerlink, J.R.2
  • 86
    • 33947719178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • et al. Short-term clinical effects of tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized for heart failure: the EVEREST Clinical Status Trials.
    • Gheorghiade M, Konstam MA, Burnett JC, Jr. et al. Short-term clinical effects of tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized for heart failure: the EVEREST Clinical Status Trials. Jama, 2007; 297: 1332-1343.
    • (2007) Jama , vol.297 , pp. 1332-1343
    • Gheorghiade, M.1    Konstam, M.A.2    Burnett Jr., J.C.3
  • 87
    • 33947713810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: the EVEREST Outcome Trial.
    • Konstam MA, Gheorghiade M, Burnett JC, Jr. et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: the EVEREST Outcome Trial. Jama, 2007; 297: 1319-1331.
    • (2007) Jama , vol.297 , pp. 1319-1331
    • Konstam, M.A.1    Gheorghiade, M.2    Burnett Jr., J.C.3
  • 88
    • 70349464874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tolvaptan on dyspnoea relief from the EVEREST trials.
    • Pang PS, Konstam MA, Krasa HB et al. Effects of tolvaptan on dyspnoea relief from the EVEREST trials. Eur Heart J 2009.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J
    • Pang, P.S.1    Konstam, M.A.2    Krasa, H.B.3
  • 89
    • 35848944656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tezosentan on symptoms and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: the VERITAS randomized controlled trials.
    • McMurray JJ, Teerlink JR, Cotter G et al. Effects of tezosentan on symptoms and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: the VERITAS randomized controlled trials. Jama, 2007; 298: 2009-2019.
    • (2007) Jama , vol.298 , pp. 2009-2019
    • McMurray, J.J.1    Teerlink, J.R.2    Cotter, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.