Effects of Contrast Agents in Susceptibility Weighted Imaging

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI: Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 487-515

  Deistung, Andreas ^a   Reichenbach, Jürgen R ^a  

^a JENA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Contrast agents' effects in SWI contrast agents in magnetic resonance, application to SWI; Gd based blood pool agents for use with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), gadofosveset trisodium; SWI contrast alteration, by paramagnetic agents blood oxygenation modulation, tumor characterization, insights into tumor vascularization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886149164     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470905203.ch26     Document Type: Chapter

References (94)

1. Koenig SH, Prodell AG, Kusch P. The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Phys. Rev. 1952;88:191-199.
2. Weinmann HJ, Brasch RC, Press WR, Wesbey GE. Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 1984;142:619-624.
3. Volkov A. Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, September 29, 2009. http://www.cc.utah.edu/~av6a51/mri.htm. 4. Bertini I, Luchinat C. NMR of Paramagnetic Substances. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1996;150,306 (special issue). 5. Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ, Lauffer RB. Gadolinium(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: structure, dynamics, and applications. Chem. Rev. 1999;99:2293-2352.
4. Bertini I, Luchinat C. NMR of Paramagnetic Substances. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1996;150,306 (special issue).
5. Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ, Lauffer RB. Gadolinium(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: structure, dynamics, and applications. Chem. Rev. 1999;99:2293-2352.
6. Rohrer M, Bauer H, Mintorovitch J, Requardt M, Weinmann HJ. Comparison of magnetic properties of MRI contrast media solutions at different magnetic field strengths. Invest. Radiol. 2005;40:715-724.
7. Burtea C, Laurent S, Elst LV, Muller RN. Contrast agents: magnetic resonance. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 2008;185(Pt 1): 135-165.
8. Raymond KN, Pierre VC. Next generation, high relaxivity gadolinium MRI agents. Bioconjugate Chem. 2005;16:3-8.
9. Bloembergen N. Proton relaxation times in paramagnetic solutions. J. Chem. Phys. 1957;27:572-573.
10. Solomon I. Relaxation processes in a system of two spins. Phys. Rev. 1955;99:559-565.
11. R. Muller. Contrast agents in magnetic resonance: operating mechanisms. In: Young IR, editor. Methods in Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy, Vol. 1,Wiley, 2000, pp. 698-704.
12. Nicolle GM, Tóth E, Schmitt-Willich H, Radüchel B, Merbach AE. The impact of rigidity and water exchange on the relaxivity of a dendritic MRI contrast agent. Chem. Eur. J. 2002;8:1040-1048.
13. Toth E, Pubanz D, Vauthey S, Helm, L, Merbach AE. The role of water exchange in attaining maximum relaxivities for dendrimeric MRI contrast agents. Chem. Eur. J. 1996;2:1607-1615.
14. Wiener EC, Brechbiel MW, Brothers H, Magin RL, Gansow OA, Tomalia DA, Lauterbur PC. Dendrimer-based metal chelates: a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Magn. Reson. Med. 1994;31:1-8.
15. Trattnig S, Pinker K, Ba-Ssalamah A, Nöbauer-Huhmann IM. The optimal use of contrast agents at high field MRI. Eur. Radiol. 2006;16:1280-1287.
16. SehgalV, Delproposto Z, Haacke EM, Tong KA,Wycliffe N, Kido DK, XuY, Neelavalli J, Haddar D, Reichenbach JR. Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility-weighted imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:439-450.
17. Ladd ME. High-field-strength magnetic resonance: potential and limits. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;18:139-152.
18. Sedlacik J, Rauscher A, Reichenbach JR. Obtaining blood oxygenation levels from MR signal behavior in the presence of single venous vessels. Magn. Reson. Med. 2007;58:1035-1044.
19. Deistung A, Rauscher A, Sedlacik J, Stadler J, Witoszynskyj S, Reichenbach JR. Susceptibility weighted imaging at ultra high magnetic field strengths: theoretical considerations and experimental results. Magn. Reson. Med. 2008;60:1155-1168.
20. Silbernagl S, Despopoulos A. Blut. In: Silbernagl S, Despopoulos A,editors. Taschenatlas der Physiologie, 5th edn, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 2001, p. 88.
21. DailyMed, September 29, 2009. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=10794.
22. Weinmann HJ. Magnevist® Monograph, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994, pp. 5-14.
23. Josephson L, Bigler J, White D. The magnetic properties of some materials affectingMRimages. Magn. Reson. Med. 1991;22:204-208; discussion 213-215.
24. Spees WM, Yablonskiy DA, Oswood MC, Ackerman JJ. Water proton MR properties of human blood at 1.5 Tesla: magnetic susceptibility, T1, T2, T2*, and non-Lorentzian signal behavior. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001;45:533-542.
25. Weisskoff RM, Kiihne S. MRI susceptometry: image-based measurements of absolute susceptibility of MR contrast agents and human blood. Magn. Reson. Med. 1992;24:375-383.
26. Lin W, Mukherjee P, An H, Yu Y, Wang Y, Vo K, Lee B, Kido D, Haacke E. Improving highresolution MR BOLD venographic imaging using a T1 reducing contrast agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:118-123.
27. Barth M, Nöbauer-Huhmann I, Reichenbach J, Mlynarik V, Schöggl A, Matula C, Trattnig S. High-resolution 3D contrast-enhanced BOLD MR-venography (CE-MRV) of brain tumors at 3 tesla: first clinical experience and comparison with 1.5 Tesla. Invest. Radiol. 2003;38:409-414.
28. Noebauer-Huhmann IM, Pinker K, Barth M, MlynarikV, Ba-Ssalamah A, SaringerWF,Weber M, Benesch T, Witoszynskyj S, Rauscher A, Reichenbach JR, Trattnig S. Contrast-enhanced, highresolution, susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: dose-dependent optimization at 3 tesla and 1.5 tesla in healthy volunteers. Invest. Radiol. 2006;41:249-255.
29. Pinker K, Noebauer-Huhmann IM, Stavrou I, Hoeftberger R, Szomolanyi P,Weber M, Stadlbauer A, Grabner G, Knosp E, Trattnig S. High-field, high-resolution, susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: improved image quality by addition of contrast agent and higher field strength in patients with brain tumors. Neuroradiology 2008;50:9-16.
30. Lauffer RB, Parmelee DJ, Dunham SU, Ouellet HS, Dolan RP,Witte S, McMurry TJ,Walovitch RC. MS-325: albumin-targeted contrast agent for MR angiography. Radiology 1998;207:529-538.
31. Bogdanov AA,Weissleder R, FrankHW, Bogdanova AV, Nossif N, Schaffer BK, Tsai E, Papisov MI, Brady TJ. A new macromolecule as a contrast agent for MR angiography: preparation, properties, and animal studies. Radiology 1993;187:701-706.
32. McLachlan SJ, Morris MR, Lucas MA, Fisco RA, Eakins MN, Fowler DR, Scheetz RB, Olukotun AY. Phase I clinical evaluation of a new iron oxide MR contrast agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1994;4:301-307.
33. Wang YX, Hussain SM, Krestin GP. Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur. Radiol. 2001;11:2319-2331.
34. Bolan PJ, Yacoub E, Garwood M, Ugurbil K, Harel N. In vivo micro-MRI of intracortical neurovasculature. Neuroimage 2006;32:62-69.
35. Hamans BC, Barth M, Leenders WP, Heerschap A. Contrast enhanced susceptibility weighted imaging (CE-SWI) of the mouse brain using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO). Z. Med Phys. 2006;16:269-274.
36. Lee J, Hirano Y, Fukunaga M, Silva AC, Duyn JH. On the contribution of deoxy-hemoglobin to MRI gray-white matter phase contrast at high field. Neuroimage, 2010;49(1): 193-198.
37. Silvennoinen MJ, Clingman CS, Golay X, Kauppinen RA, van Zijl PC. Comparison of the dependence of blood R2 and R2* on oxygen saturation at 1.5 and 4.7 Tesla. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003;49:47-60.
38. Zhao JM, Clingman CS, Närväinen MJ, Kauppinen RA, van Zijl PC. Oxygenation and hematocrit dependence of transverse relaxation rates of blood at 3T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2007;58:592-597.
39. Li D, Wang Y, Waight DJ. Blood oxygen saturation assessment in vivo using T2* estimation. Magn. Reson. Med. 1998;39:685-690.
40. Alexander SC, Smith TC, Strobel G, Stephen GW, Wollman H. Cerebral carbohydrate metabolism of man during respiratory and metabolic alkalosis. J. Appl. Physiol. 1968;24:66-72.
41. Kety SS, Schmidt CF. The effects of altered arterial tensions of carbon dioxide and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men. J. Clin. Invest. 1948;27:484-492.
42. Wollman H, Smith TC, StephenGW, Colton ET, Gleaton HE, Alexander SC. Effects of extremes of respiratory and metabolic alkalosis on cerebral blood flow in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 1968;24:60-65.
43. van Rijen PC, Luyten PR, van der Sprenkel JW, Kraaier V, van Huffelen AC, Tulleken CA, den Hollander JA. 1H and 31P NMR measurement of cerebral lactate, high-energy phosphate levels, and pH in humans during voluntary hyperventilation: associated EEG, capnographic, and Doppler findings. Magn. Reson. Med. 1989;10:182-193.
44. de Boorder MJ, Hendrikse J, van der Grond J. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements of cerebral autoregulation with a breath-hold challenge: a feasibility study. Stroke 2004;35:1350-1354.
45. Ge Y, Haacke E, Grossman RI. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) of cerebral blood oxygenation during voluntary hyperventilation and apnea. In: Proceedings 15th Scientific Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Berlin, 2007 (abstract 2300).
46. Zaharchuk G, Martin AJ, Dillon WP. Noninvasive imaging of quantitative cerebral blood flow changes during 100% oxygen inhalation using arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008;29:663-667.
47. Bulte DP, Chiarelli PA,Wise RG, Jezzard P. Cerebral perfusion response to hyperoxia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2007;27:69-75.
48. Rauscher A, Sedlacik J, Barth M, Haacke EM, Reichenbach JR. Noninvasive assessment of vascular architecture and function during modulated blood oxygenation using susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 2005;54:87-95.
49. Sedlacik J, Kutschbach C, Rauscher A, Deistung A, Reichenbach JR. Investigation of the influence of carbon dioxide concentrations on cerebral physiology by susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI). Neuroimage 2008;43:36-43.
50. Grau C, Horsman MR, Overgaard J. Improving the radiation response in a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma by normobaric oxygen or carbogen breathing. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1992;22:415-419.
51. Dische S. What have we learnt from hyperbaric oxygen? Radiother. Oncol. 1991;20(Suppl. 1): 71-74.
52. Robinson SP, Howe FA, Griffiths JR. Noninvasive monitoring of carbogen-induced changes in tumor blood flow and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995;33:855-859.
53. Robinson SP, Howe FA, Rodrigues LM, Stubbs M, Griffiths JR. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques for monitoring changes in tumor oxygenation and blood flow. Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 1998;8:197-207.
54. Howe FA, Robinson SP, Rodrigues LM, Griffiths JR. Flow and oxygenation dependent (FLOOD) contrast MR imaging to monitor the response of rat tumors to carbogen breathing. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;17:1307-1318.
55. Fan X, River JN, Zamora M, Al-Hallaq HA, Karczmar GS. Effect of carbogen on tumor oxygenation: combined fluorine-19 and proton MRI measurements. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002;1202-1209.
56. Martin L, Lartigau E, Weeger P, Lambin P, Ridant AML, Lusinchi A, Wibault P, Eschwege F, Luboinski B, Guichard M. Changes in the oxygenation of head and neck tumors during carbogen breathing. Radiother. Oncol. 1993;27:123-130.
57. Kotas M, Schmitt P, Jakob PM, Flentje M. Monitoring of tumor oxygenation changes in head-andneck carcinoma patients breathing a hyperoxic hypercapnic gas mixture with a noninvasive MRI technique. Strahlenther. Onkol. 2009;185:19-26.
58. Rauscher A, Sedlacik J, Fitzek C,Walter B, Hochstetter A, Kalff R, KaiserWA, Reichenbach JR. High resolution susceptibility weighted MR-imaging of brain tumors during the application of a gaseous agent. Röfo 2005;177:1065-9.
59. Kesavadas C, Thomas B, Misra S, Saini J. Attenuation of cerebral veins in susceptibility-weighted MR imaging performed with the patient under general anesthesia. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008;29:e71.
60. Sedlacik J, Löbel U, Broniscer A, Patay Z, Hillenbrand C. Attenuation of cerebral venous contrast in susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in pediatric patients under general anesthesia. In: Proceedings 17th Scientific Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Honolulu, 2009 (abstract 3502).
61. Okazawa H, Yamauchi H, Sugimoto K, Toyoda H, Kishibe Y, Takahashi M. Effects of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen metabolism: a positron emission tomography study with healthy volunteers. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21:1472-1479.
62. Vorstrup S, Henriksen L, Paulson OB. Effect of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flowand cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. J. Clin. Invest. 1984;74:1634-1639.
63. Schytz HW,Wienecke T, Jensen LT, Selb J, Boas DA, Ashina M. Changes in cerebral blood flow after acetazolamide: an experimental study comparing near-infrared spectroscopy and SPECT. Eur. J. Neurol. 2009;16:461-467.
64. Griffiths PD, Gaines P, Cleveland T, Beard J, Venables G,Wilkinson ID. Assessment of cerebral haemodynamics and vascular reserve in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion: an integrated MR method. Neuroradiology 2005;47:175-182.
65. Lassen NA. Is central chemoreceptor sensitive to intracellular rather than extracellular pH? Clin. Physiol. 1990;10:311-319.
66. Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol. Rev. 1999;51:83-133.
67. Cameron OG, Modell JG, Hariharan M. Caffeine and human cerebral blood flow: a positron emission tomography study. Life Sci. 1990;47:1141-1146.
68. Field AS, Laurienti PJ, Yen YF, Burdette JH, Moody DM. Dietary caffeine consumption and withdrawal: confounding variables in quantitative cerebral perfusion studies? Radiology 2003;227:129-135.
69. Lunt MJ, Ragab S, Birch AA, Schley D, Jenkinson DF. Comparison of caffeine-induced changes in cerebral blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood velocity shows that caffeine reduces middle cerebral artery diameter. Physiol. Meas. 2004;25:467-474.
70. Dager SR, Layton ME, Strauss W, Richards TL, Heide A, Friedman SD, Artru AA, Hayes CE, Posse S. Human brain metabolic response to caffeine and the effects of tolerance. Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:229-237.
71. Haacke EM, Hu C, Parrish T, Xu Y. Whole brain stress test using caffeine: effects on fMRI and SWI at 3T. In: Proceedings 11th Scientific Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Toronto, Vol. 11, 2003 (abstract 1731).
72. Sedlacik J, Helm K, Rauscher A, Stadler J, Mentzel HJ, Reichenbach JR. Investigations on the effect of caffeine on cerebral venous vessel contrast by using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) at 1.5, 3 and 7 T. Neuroimage 2008;40:11-18.
73. Urso R, Blardi P, Giorgi G. A short introduction to pharmacokinetics. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2002;6:33-44.
74. Liu TT, Behzadi Y, Restom K, Uludag K, Lu K, Buracas GT, Dubowitz DJ, Buxton RB. Caffeine alters the temporal dynamics of the visual BOLD response. Neuroimage 2004;23:1402-1413.
75. Cohen ER, Ugurbil K, Kim SG. Effect of basal conditions on the magnitude and dynamics of the blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI response. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2002;22:1042-1053.
76. Behzadi Y, Liu TT. Caffeine reduces the initial dip in the visual BOLD response at 3 T. Neuroimage 2006;32:9-15.
77. Liau J, Perthen JE, Liu TT. Caffeine reduces the activation extent and contrast-to-noise ratio of the functional cerebral blood flow response but not the BOLD response. Neuroimage 2008;42:296-305.
78. Chen Y, Parrish TB. Caffeine's effects on cerebrovascular reactivity and coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism. Neuroimage 2009;44:647-652.
79. Perthen JE, Lansing AE, Liau J, Liu TT, Buxton RB. Caffeine-induced uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism: a calibrated BOLD fMRI study. Neuroimage 2008;40:237-247.
80. Ribot EJ, Thiaudière E, Roulland R, Brugières P, Rahmouni A, Voisin P, Franconi JM, Miraux S. Application of MRI phase-difference mapping to assessment of vascular concentrations of BMS agent in mice. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging 2008;3:53-60.
81. Liu Y, Pu Y, Fox PT, Gao JH. Quantification of dynamic changes in cerebral venous oxygenation with MR phase imaging at 1.9 T. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999;41:407-411.
82. Haacke EM, Lai S, Yablonskiy D, Lin W. In vivo validation of the BOLD mechanism: a review of signal changes in gradient echo functional MRI. Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. 1995;6:153-163.
83. Ito H, Kanno I, Kato C, Sasaki T, Ishii K, Ouchi Y, Iida A, Okazawa H, Hayashida K, Tsuyuguchi N, Ishii K, Kuwabara Y, Senda M. Database of normal human cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen measured by positron emission tomography with 15O-labelled carbon dioxide or water, carbon monoxide and oxygen: a multicentre study in Japan. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2004;31:635-643.
84. Salomir R, Denis De Senneville B, Moonen CTW. A fast calculation method for magnetic field inhomogeneity due to an arbitrary distribution of bulk susceptibility. Concepts Magn. Reson. B 2003;19B:26-34.
85. Marques JP, Bowtell R. Application of a Fourier-based method for rapid calculation of field inhomogeneity due to spatial variation of magnetic susceptibility. Concepts Magn. Reson.B 2005; 25B: 65-78.
86. de Rochefort L, Brown R, Prince MR, Wang Y. Quantitative MR susceptibility mapping using piece-wise constant regularized inversion of the magnetic field. Magn. Reson. Med. 2008;60:1003-1009.
87. Mittal S,Wu Z, Neelavalli J, Haacke EM. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 2. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2009;30:232-252.
88. Barnes S, Manova E, Haacke E. Angiography and venography in a single SWI acquisition. In: Proceedings 16th Scientific Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Toronto 2008 (abstract 2231).
89. Bulte JW, Brooks RA, Moskowitz BM, Bryant LH, Frank JA. Relaxometry and magnetometry of the MR contrast agent MION-46L. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999;42:379-384.
90. Simon GH, Bauer J, Saborovski O, Fu Y, Corot C, Wendland MF, Daldrup-Link HE. T1 and T2 relaxivity of intracellular and extracellular USPIO at 1.5T and 3T clinical MR scanning. Eur. Radiol. 2006;16:738-745.
91. Medcyclopaedia, September 29, 2009. http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_ i/m/mr_contrast_medium.aspx. GE Medical Healthcare/MedicalDiagnostics/Medcyclopaedia.com.
92. Kaisti KK, Långsjö JW, Aalto S, Oikonen V, Sipilä H, Teräs M, Hinkka S, Metsähonkala L, Scheinin H. Effects of sevoflurane, propofol, and adjunct nitrous oxide on regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and blood volume in humans. Anesthesiology 2003;99:603-613.
93. Långsjö JW, Kaisti KK, Aalto S, Hinkka S, Aantaa R, Oikonen V, Sipilä H, Kurki T, Silvanto M, Scheinin H. Effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine on regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and blood volume in humans. Anesthesiology 2003;99:614-623.
94. DailyMed, September 29, 2009. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=8966.