Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 193-222

  Ju, Ganping ^a   Challener, William ^a   Peng, Yingguo ^a   Seigler, Mike ^a   Gage, Ed ^a  

^a SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

HAMR media tribology; HAMR recording; Heat assisted magnetic recording

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886011953     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118096833.ch10     Document Type: Chapter

References (77)

1. H. N. Bertram , Theory of Magnetic Recording . Cambridge, NY : Cambridge University Press , 1994 .
2. M. Plumer , J. van Ek , and D. Weller , eds. The Physics of Ultra-High Density Magnetic Recording . Berlin, Germany : Springer , 2001 .
3. A. Lyberatos and K. Y. Guslienko , Thermal stability of the magnetization following thermomagnetic writing in perpendicular media . J. Appl. Phys. 94 , 1119-1129 ( 2003 ).
4. J.-U. Thiele , K. R. Coffey , M. F. Toney , J. A. Hedstrom , and A. J. Kellock , Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe 55-x Ni x Pt 45 L1 0 films . J. Appl. Phys. 91 , 6595-6600 ( 2002 ).
5. W. Srituravanich , L. Pan , Y. Wang , C. Sun , D. B. Bogy , and X. Zhang , Flying plasmonic lens in the near field for high-speed nanolithography . Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 , 733-737 ( 2008 ).
6. R. D. Grober , R. J. Schoelkopf , and D. E. Prober , Optical antenna: towards a unity efficiency near-field optical probe . Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 , 1354-1356 ( 1997 ).
7. T. Matsumoto , T. Shimano , H. Saga , H. Sukeda , and M. Kiguchi , Highly efficient probe with a wedge-shaped metallic plate for high density near-field optical recording . J. Appl. Phys. 95 , 3901-3906 ( 2004 ).
8. T. Matsumoto , K. Nakamura , T. Nishida , H. Hieda , A. Kikitsu , K. Naito , and T. Koda , Thermally assisted magnetic recording on a bit-patterned medium by using a near-field optical head with a beaked metallic plate . Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 , 031108-031103 ( 2008 ).
9. A. Hartschuh , E. J. S á nchez , X. S. Xie , and L. Novotny , High-resolution near-field Raman microscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes . Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 , 095503 ( 2003 ).
10. X. Shi , R. L. Thornton , and L. Hesselink , A nano-aperture with 1000 × power throughput enhancement for Very Small Aperture Laser system (VSAL) , in Proc. SPIE , p. 320 ( 2002 ).
11. T. E. Schlesinger , T. Rausch , A. Itagi , J. Zhu , J. A. Bain , and D. D. Stancil , An integrated read/write head for hybrid recording . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 , 1821-1824 ( 2002 ).
12. K. ş endur , C. Peng , and W. Challener , Near-field radiation from a ridge waveguide transducer in the vicinity of a solid immersion lens . Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 , 043901 / 043901-043904 ( 2005 ).
13. X. Shi , L. Hesselink , and R. L. Thornton , Ultrahigh light transmission through a C-shaped nanoaperture . Opt. Lett. 28 , 1320-1322 ( 2003 ).
14. W. A. Challener , E. Gage , A. Itagi , and C. Peng , Optical transducers for near field recording . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 , 6632-6642 ( 2006 ).
15. M. Moskovits , Surface-enhanced spectroscopy . Rev. Mod. Phys. 57 , 783-826 ( 1985 ).
16. C. Peng and W. Challener , Input-grating couplers for narrow Gaussian beam: influence of groove depth . Opt. Express 12 , 6481-6490 ( 2004 ).
17. C. Peng , Apparatus and method for coupling light to a thin film optical waveguide, U.S. Patent 7792402 ( 2008 ).
18. M. Hirata , M. Oumi , K. Nakajima , and T. Ohkubo , Near-field optical flying head with protruding aperture and its fabrication . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 , 3519-3523 ( 2005 ).
19. S. M. Mansfield and G. S. Kino , Solid immersion microscope . Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 , 2615-2616 ( 1990 ).
20. M. Shinoda , K. Saito , T. Kondo , T. Ishimoto , and A. Nakaoki , High-density near-field readout over 50 GB capacity using solid immersion lens with high refractive index . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 , 1101-1104 ( 2003 ).
21. K. Ueyanagi and T. Tomono , Proposal of a near-field optical head using a new solid immersion mirror . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 , 888-891 ( 2000 ).
22. Y.-S. Kim , S.-J. Lee , Y.-J. Kim , N.-C. Park , and Y.-P. Park , Design of a super-paraboloidal solid immersion mirror for near-field recording . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43 , 5756-5760 ( 2004 ).
23. W. Challener , C. Mihalcea , C. Peng , and K. Pelhos , Miniature planar solid immersion mirror with focused spot less than a quarter wavelength . Opt. Express 13 , 7189-7197 ( 2005 ).
24. F. Tawa , S. Hasegawa , and W. Odajima , Optical head with a butted-grating structure that generates a subwavelength spot for laser-assisted magnetic recording . J. Appl. Phys. 101 , 09H503 / 501-503 ( 2007 ).
25. T. Ishi , J. Fujikata , and K. Ohashi , Large optical transmission through a single Subwavelength hole associated with a sharp-apex grating . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 , L170-L172 ( 2005 ).
26. M. A. Seigler , W. A. Challener , E. Gage , N. Gokemeijer , B. Lu , K. Pelhos , C. Peng , R. E. Rottmayer , X. Yang , H. Zhou , X. Zhu , and T. Rausch , Heat assisted magnetic recording with a fully integrated. Recording head , in ODS 2007 ( 2007 ).
27. T. Rausch , C. D. Mihalcea , K. Pelhos , C. Peng , E. C. Gage , K. Mountfield , M. A. Seigler , and W. A. Challener , Spin stand characterization of dielectric optical waveguides fabricated on AlTiC sliders for heat assisted magnetic recording , in Proc. SPIE-Optical Data Storage 2004 , pp. 40-46 ( 2004 ).
28. D. Weller and A. Moser , Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording . IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 , 4423 ( 1999 ).
29. Y. Peng , J.-G. Zhu , and D. E. Laughlin , L1 0 FePt-MgO perpendicular thin film deposited by alternating sputtering at elevated temperature . J. Appl. Phys. 99 , 08F907 ( 2006 ).
30. D. Weller et al., High K u materials approach to 100 Gbits/in 2 . IEEE Trans. Magn. 36 , 10-15 ( 2000 ).
31. T. Klemmer , D. Hoydick , H. Okumura , B. Zhang , and W. A. Soffa , Magnetic hardening and coercivity mechanisms in L1 0 ordered FePd ferromagnets . Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia . 33 , 1793-1805 ( 1995 ).
32. J. Sayama , K. Mizutani , T. Asahi , and T. Osaka , Thin films of SmCo 5 with very high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy . Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 , 5640 ( 2004 ).
33. Y. K. Takahashi , T. Ohkubo , and K. Hono , Microstructure and magnetic properties of SmCo 5 thin films deposited on Cu and Pt underlayers . J. Appl. Phys. 100 , 053913 ( 2006 ).
34. J. Sayama , K. Mizutani , T. Asahi , J. Ariake , K. Ouchi , S. Matsunuma , and T. Osaka , Magnetic properties and microstructure of SmCo 5 thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy . J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 287 , 239 ( 2005 ).
35. G. A. Bettero and R. Sinclair , (Pt/Co/Pt)/X multilayer films with high Kerr rotations and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropies . Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 , 3337-3339 ( 1994 ).
36. J. M. MacLaren and R. H. Victora , Theoretical predictions of interface anisotropy in the presence of interdiffusion . J. Appl. Phys. 76 , 6069-6074 ( 1994 ).
37. Y. Kawada , Y. Ueno , and K. Shibata , Magnetic properties, microstructure, and read-write performance of CoSiO 2-Pt granular multilayer perpendicular recording media . IEEE Trans. Magn. 40 , 2489-2491 ( 2004 ).
38. Y. Kawada , Y. Ueno , and K. Shibata , Co-Pt multilayers perpendicular magnetic recording media with thin Pt layer and high perpendicular anisotropy . IEEE Trans. Magn. 38 , 2045-2047 ( 2002 ).
39. J. J. M. Ruigrok , R. Coehoorn , S. R. Cumpson , and H. W. V. Kesteren , Disk recording beyond 100 Gb/in. 2 : hybrid recording? J. Appl. Phys. 87 , 5398 ( 2000 ).
40. H. Nemoto , H. Saga , H. Sukeda , and M. Takahashi , Exchange-coupled magnetic bilayer media for thermomagnetic writing and flux detection . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1 , 1841-1842 ( 1999 ).
41. H. Katayama , S. Sawamura , Y. Ogimoto , J. Nakajima , K. Kojima , and K. Ohta , New magnetic recording method using laser assisted read/write technologies . J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 23 , 233 ( 1999 ).
42. J. J. M. Ruigrok , Limits of conventional and thermally-assisted recording . J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 25 , 313 ( 2001 ).
43. V. Guo , B. Lu , X. W. Wu , G. Ju , and D. Weller , A survey of anisotropy measurement techniques and study of thickness effect on interfacial and volume anisotropies in Co/Pt multilayer media . J. Appl. Phys. 99 , 08E918 ( 2006 ).
44. W. Shockley , Theory of ordering for the copper gold alloy system . J. Chem. Phys. 6 , 130-144 ( 1938 ).
45. J. S. Chen , B. C. Lim , J. F. Hu , B. Liu , and G. M. Chow , High coercivity L1 0 FePt films with perpendicular anisotropy deposited on glass substrate at reduced temperature . Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 , 042508 ( 2007 ).
46. J. S. Chen , B. C. Lim , J. F. Hu , B. Liu , G. M. Chow , and G. Ju , Low temperature deposited L1 0 FePt-C (001) films with high coercivity and small grain size . Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 , 132506 ( 2007 ).
47. T. Maeda , T. Kai , A. Kikitsu , T. Nagase , and J. Akiyama , Reduction of ordering temperature of an FePt-ordered alloy by addition of Cu . Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 , 2147 ( 2002 ).
48. C. L. Platt , K. W. Wierman , E. B. Svedberg , R. V. D. Veerdonk , J. K. Howard , A. G. Roy , and D. E. Laughlin , L1 0 ordering and microstructure of FePt thin films with Cu, Ag, and Au additive . J. Appl. Phys. 92 , 6104 ( 2002 ).
49. D. Ravelosona , C. Chappert , V. Mathet , and H. Bermas , Chemical order induced by ion irradiation in FePt (001) films . Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 , 236 ( 2000 ).
50. T. Shima , T. Moriguchi , S. Mitani , and K. Takanashi , Chemical order induced by ion irradiation in FePt films . Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 , 288 ( 2002 ).
51. T. Suzuki , K. Harada , N. Honda , and K. Ouchi , Preparation of ordered Fe-Pt thin films for perpendicular magnetic recording media . J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 193 , 85-88 ( 1999 ).
52. Y. N. Hsu , S. Jeong , D. N. Lambeth , and D. Laughlin , Effects of Ag underlayers on the microstructure and magnetic properties of epitaxial FePt thin films . J. Appl. Phys. 89 , 7068 ( 2001 ).
53. M. L. Yan , R. F. Sabirianov , Y. F. Xu , X. Z. Li , and D. J. Sellmyer , L1 0 ordered FePt:C composite films with (001) texture . IEEE Trans. Magn. 40 , 2470 ( 2004 ).
54. K. Kang , Z. G. Zhang , C. Papusoi , and T. Suzuki , Composite nanogranular films of FePt-MgO with (001) orientation onto glass substrates . Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 , 404 ( 2004 ).
55. A. Perumal , Y. K. Takahashi , and K. Hono , L1 0 FePt-C nanogranular perpendicular anisotropy films with narrow size distribution . Appl. Phys. Express 1 , 101301 ( 2008 ).
56. E. Yang and D. E. Laughlin , L1 0 FePt-oxide columnar perpendicular media with high coercivity and small grain size . J. Appl. Phys. 104 , 023904 ( 2008 ).
57. M Kryder , EC Gage , TW McDaniel , WA Challener , RE Rottmayer , G Ju , Y-T Hsia , and MF Erden , Heat assisted magnetic recording , in Proc. IEEE 96 , pp. 1810-1835 ( 2008 ).
58. D. Karns et al., Design and characterization of a media thermal stack for confining lateral thermal heat flow , in Intermag 2008 ( 2008 ).
59. J.-U. Thiele , S. Maat , and E. E. Fullerton , FeRh/FePt exchange spring films for thermally assisted magnetic recording media . Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 , 2859-2861 ( 2003 ).
60. J.-U. Thiele , S. Maat , E. E. Fullerton , and J. L. Robertson , Magnetic and structural properties of FePt-FeRh exchange spring films for thermally assisted magnetic recording media . IEEE Trans. Magn. 40 , 2537 ( 2004 ).
61. K. R. Coffey , J.-U. Thiele , and D. Weller , " Thermal spring " magnetic recording media for writing using magnetic and thermal gradients, U.S. Patent 6881497 ( 2005 ).
62. A. Kikitsu , T. Kai , T. Nagase , and J.-I. Akiyama , A concept of exchange-coupled recording medium for heat-assisted magnetic recording . J. Appl. Phys. 97 , 10P701 ( 2005 ).
63. H. Chiba , Y. Oshikubo , K. Watanabe , T. Tokairin , and E. Yamakawa , Synthesis of Tri-functional PFPE lubricants and its spreading characteristics on a hard disk surface , in Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Micro-Nanomechatronics and Human Science , pp. 261-264 ( 2004 ).
64. J. Zhang , R. Ji , J. W. Xu , J. K. P. Ng , B. X. Xu , H. X. Yuan , and S. N. Piramanayagam , Lubrication for heat-assisted magnetic recording media . IEEE Trans. Magn. 42 , 2546-2548 ( 2006 ).
65. M. S. Lim and A. Gellman , Kinetics of laser induced desorption and decomposition of Fomblin Zdol on carbon overcoats . Tribol. Int. 38 , 554-561 ( 2005 ).
66. W. Peng , Y. T. Hsia , S. Kursat , and T. McDaniel , Thermo-magneto-mechanical analysis of head-disk interface in heat assisted magnetic recording . Tribol. Int. 38 , 588-593 ( 2005 ).
67. L. Li , C. L. Platt , and Y. T. Hsia , Head disc interface design , in United States Patent Application ( 2006 ).
68. L. Wu , Modelling and simulation of the lubricant depletion process induced by laser heating in heat-assisted magnetic recording system . Nanotechnology 18 , 215702 ( 2007 ).
69. M. A. Seigler , W. A. Challener , E. Gage , N. Gokemeijer , G. Ju , B. Lu , K. Pelhos , C. Peng , R. E. Rottmayer , X. Yang , H. Zhou , and T. Rausch , Integrated heat assisted magnetic recording head: design and recording demonstration . IEEE Trans. Magn. 44 , 119-124 ( 2008 ).
70. T. Klemmer , Y. Peng , X. Wu , and G. Ju , Materials processing for high anisotropy L1 0 granular media . IEEE Trans. Magn. 45 , 845-849 (2009).
71. W. A. Challener , C. Peng , A. V. Itagi , D. Karns , W. Peng , Y. Peng , X. Yang , X. Zhu , N. J. Gokemeijer , Y. T. Hsia , G. Ju , R. E. Rottmayer , M. A. Seigler , and E. C. Gage , Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer . Nat Photon. 3 , 303-303 ( 2009 ).
72. B. C. Stipe , T. C. Strand , C. C. Poon , H. Balamane , T. D. Boone , J. A. Katine , J.-L. Li , V. Rawat , H. Nemoto , A. Hirotsune , O. Hellwig , R. Ruiz , E. Dobisz , D. S. Kercher , N. Robertson , T. R. Albrecht , and B. D. Terris , Magnetic recording at 1.5 Pb m-2 using an integrated plasmonic antenna . Nat. Photon. 4 , 484-488 (2010).
73. T. W. McDaniel , Ultimate limits to thermally assisted magnetic recording . J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17 , R315-R332 ( 2005 ).
74. E. Gage et al., An integrated recording head for heat assisted magnetic recording, presented at ISOM Conference, Singapore , October 2007, paper We-H-05 ( 2007 ).
75. K. ş endur and W. Challener , Patterned medium for heat assisted magnetic recording . Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 , 032503-032503 ( 2009 ).
76. Y. Peng , G. Ju , X. Wu , X. Zhu , T. Klemmer , D. Karns , D. Buechel , L. Li , E. Gage , M. Seigler , W. A. Challener , Y-T. Hsia , and R. Hempstead , High anisotropy L10 media development for heat assisted magnetic recording, in 19th Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC2008), Singapore, 2008 .
77. Y. Peng et al., Heat assisted magnetic recording on high anisotropy nanocomposite media, in NANO'08 , August 18-21, 2008, pp. 603-604 .