Why does ingroup identification shield people from death anxiety? the role of perceived collective continuity and group entitativity

Social Psychology

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 320-328

  Herrera, Marina ^a   Sani, Fabio ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Collective continuity; Group entitativity; Group identification; Mortality salience; Self esteem

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885992477     PISSN: 18649335     EISSN: 21512590     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000128     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Simon, L. (1997). Suppression, accessibility of death-related thoughts, and cultural worldview defense: Exploring the psychodynamics of terror management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 5-18.
3. Becker, E. (1973). The denial of death. NewYork, NY: Free Press.
4. Bentler, P.M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
5. Burke, B. L., Martens, A., & Faucher, E. H. (2010). Two decades of terror management theory: A meta-analysis of mortality salience research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 155-195.
6. Campbell, D.T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3, 14-25.
7. Castano, E., & Dechesne, M. (2005). On defeating death: Group reification and social identification as immortality strategies. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 16, pp. 221-255). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
8. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V.Y., & Bourguignon, D. (2003). We are one and I like it: The impact of group entitativity on group identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 735-754.
9. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., Paladino, M. P., & Sacchi, S. (2002). I belong, therefore, I exist: Ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 135-143.
10. Dechesne, M., Janssen, J., & van Knippenberg, A. (2000). Derogation and distancing as terror management strategies: The moderating role of need for closure and permeability of group boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 923-932.
11. Dechesne, M., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Ransom, S., Sheldon, K. M., van Knippenberg, A., & Janssen, J. (2003). Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 722-737.
12. Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410-436.
13. Edwards, J. R., & Lambert, L. S. (2007). Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis. Psychological Methods, 12, 1-22.
14. Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., & Fankhanel, T. (2008). The role of control motivation in mortality salience effects on ingroup support and defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 524-541.
15. Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., Fischer, P., Koranyi, N., Berger, N., & Fleischmann, B. (2007). Mortality salience and the desire for offspring. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 753-762.
16. Gailliot, M.T., Stillman, T. F., Schmeichel, B. J. Maner, J. K., & Plant, E. A. (2008). Mortality salience increases adherence to salient norms and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 993-1003.
17. Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Simon, L., & Breus, M.J. (1994). Role of consciousness and accessibility of deathrelated thoughts in mortality salience effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 627-637.
18. Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Rosenblatt, A. (1992). Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 913-922.
19. Harmon-Jones, E., Simon, L., Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & McGregor, H. (1997). Terror management theory and self-esteem: Evidence that increased self-esteem reduces mortality salience effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 24-36.
20. Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2000). Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 113-127.
21. Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2010). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. In E. P. Bucy & R. Lance Holbert (Eds.), The sourcebook for political communication research: Methods, measures, and analytical techniques (pp. 434-465). New York, NY: Routledge.
22. Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
23. Jonas, E., Schimel, J., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (2002). The Scrooge effect: Evidence that mortality salience increases prosocial attitudes and behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1342-1353.
24. Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford.
25. Kruglanski, A.W., Webster, D. M., & Klem, A. (1993). Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 861-876.
26. Landau, M., Greenberg, J., Sullivan, D., Routledge, C., & Arndt, J. (2009). The protective identity: Evidence that mortality salience heightens the clarity and coherence of the self-concept. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 796-807.
27. Landau, M. J., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., ⋯ Cook, A. (2004). Deliver us from evil: The effects of mortality salience and reminders of 9/11 on support for President George W. Bush. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1136-1150.
28. Lickel, B., Hamilton, D. L., Wieczorkowska, G., Lewis, A., Sherman, S. J., & Uhles, A.N. (2000). Varieties of groups and the perception of group entitativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 223-246.
29. Lifton, R. J. (1983). The broken connection: On death and the continuity of life. New York, NY: Basic Books.
30. McGregor, H., Lieberman, J., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., Simon, L., & Pyszczynski, T. (1998). Terror management and aggression: Evidence that mortality salience motivates aggression against worldview-threatening others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 590-605.
31. Proulx, T., & Heine, S. J. (2006). Death and black diamonds: Meaning, mortality and the meaning maintenance model. Psychological Inquiry, 17, 309-318.
32. Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Solomon, S. (2000). Proximal and distal defense: A new perspective on unconscious motivation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 156-160.
33. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
34. Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York, NY: Basic Books.
35. Rosenblatt, A., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Lyon, D. (1989). Evidence for Terror Management Theory: 1. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural-values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 681-690.
36. Routledge, C., & Arndt, J. (2008). Self-sacrifice as self-defense: Mortality salience increases efforts to affirm a symbolic immortal self at the expense of the physical self. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 531-541.
37. Sani, F., Bowe, M., & Herrera, M. (2008a). Perceived collective continuity and social well-being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 365-374.
38. Sani, F., Bowe, M., & Herrera, M. (2008b). Perceived collective continuity: Seeing groups as temporally enduring entities. In F. Sani (Ed.), Self-continuity: Individual and collective perspectives (pp. 159-172). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
39. Sani, F., Bowe, M., Herrera, M., Manna, C., Cossa, T., Miao, X., & Zhou, Y. (2007). Perceived collective continuity: Seeing groups as entities that move through time. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 1118-1134.
40. Sani, F., Herrera, M., & Bowe, M. (2009). Perceived collective continuity and ingroup identification as defense against death awareness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 242-245.
41. Schmeichel, B., Gailliot, M., Filardo, E., McGregor, I., Gitter, S., & Baumeister, R. (2009). Terror management theory and selfesteem revisited: The roles of implicit and explicit self-esteem in mortality salience effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1077-1087.
42. Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290-312). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
43. Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Findler, L., & Mikuliner, M. (2002). The effects of mortality salience on relationships strivings and beliefs: The moderation role of attachment style. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 419-441.
44. Van den Bos, K. (2009). Making sense of life: The existential self trying to deal with personal uncertainty. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 197-217.
45. Wakimoto, R. (2011). Reconstruction of the subjective temporal distance of past interpersonal experiences after mortality salience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 687-700.
46. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded form. Des Moines, IO: University of Iowa Press.
47. Wisman, A., & Goldenberg, J.L. (2005). From the grave to the cradle: Evidence that mortality salience engenders a desire for offspring. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 46-61.