Nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile protects hamsters against challenge with historic and epidemic strains of toxigenic BI/NAP1/027 C. difficile

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 57, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 5266-5270

  Nagaro, Kristin J ^a   Phillips, S Tyler ^b   Cheknis, Adam K ^a   Sambol, Susan P ^a,b   Zukowski, Walter E ^a   Johnson, Stuart ^a,b   Gerding, Dale N ^a,b  

^a HINES VA HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; HAMSTER; MALE; NONHUMAN; NONTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTRICTION MAPPING;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CLINDAMYCIN; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CRICETINAE; CROSS PROTECTION; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; IMMUNITY, HETEROLOGOUS; MALE; MESOCRICETUS; SPORES, BACTERIAL;

EID: 84885915939     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: 10986596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00580-13     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, Oughton M, Libman MD, Michaud S, Bourgault AM, Nguyen T, Frenette C, Kelly M, Vibien A, Brassard P, Fenn S, Dewar K, Hudson TJ, Horn R, René P, Monczak Y, Dascal A. 2005. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N. Engl. J. Med. 353:2442-2449.
2. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, Owens RC, Kazakova SV, Sambol SP, Johnson S, Gerding DN. 2005. An epidemic, toxin genevariant strain of Clostridium difficile. N. Engl. J. Med. 353:2433-2441.
3. Pépin J, Valiquette L, Cossette B. 2005. Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 173:1037-1042.
4. Petrella LA, Sambol SP, Cheknis A, Nagaro K, Kean Y, Sears PS, Babakhani F, Johnson S, Gerding DN. 2012. Decreased cure and increased recurrence rate for Clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic C. difficile BI strain. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55:351-357.
5. Shim JK, Johnson S, Samore MH, Bliss DZ, Gerding DN. 1998. Primary symptomless colonisation by Clostridium difficile and decreased risk of subsequent diarrhoea. Lancet 351:633-636.
6. Seal D, Borriello SP, Barclay FE, Welch A, Piper M, Bonnycastle M. 1987. Treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhoea by administration of a non-toxigenic strain. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 6:51-53.
7. Villano SA, Seiberling M, Tatarowicz W, Monnot-Chase E, Gerding DN. 2012. Evaluation of an oral suspension of VP20621, spores of nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile strain M3, in healthy subjects. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:5224-5229.
8. Sambol SP, Merrigan MM, Tang JK, Johnson S, Gerding DN. 2002. Colonization for the prevention of Clostridium difficile disease in hamsters. J. Infect. Dis. 186:1781-1789.
9. Razaq N, Sambol S, Nagaro K, Zukowski W, Cheknis A, Johnson S, Gerding DN. 2007. Infection of hamsters with historical and epidemic BI types of Clostridium difficile. J. Infect. Dis. 196:1813-1819.
10. Nagaro KJ, Cheknis AK, Sambol SP, Zukowski WE, Gerding DN. 2006. Non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile (CD) protects hamsters against his-toric and epidemic toxigenic BI strains. Abstr. Fifth Int. Meet. Mol. Biol. Pathogenesis Clostridia, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
11. Wilson KJ, Kennedy MJ, Fekety FR. 1982. Use of sodium taurocholate to enhance spore recovery on a medium selective for Clostridium difficile. J. Clin. Microbiol. 15:443-446.
12. Clabots CR, Johnson S, Bettin K, Mathie PA, Mulligan ME, Schaberg DR, Peterson LR, Gerding DN. 1993. Development of a rapid and efficient restriction endonuclease analysis typing system for Clostridium difficile and correlation with other typing systems. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1870-1875.
13. Warny M, Pépin J, Fang A, Killgore G, Thompson A, Brazier J, Frost E, McDonald LC. 2005. Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet 366:1079-1084.
14. MacCannell DR, Louie TJ, Gregson DB, Laverdiere M, Labbe AC, Laing F, Henwick S. 2006. Molecular analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 isolates from eastern and western Canada. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:2147-2152.
15. Lim PL, Ling ML, Lee HY, Koh TH, Tan AL, Kuijper EJ, Goh SS, Low BS, Ang LP, Harmanus C, Lin RT, Krishnan P, James L, Lee CE, Lim PL, Ling ML, Lee HY, Koh TH, Tan AL, Kuijper EJ, Goh SS, Low BS, Ang LP, Harmanus C, Lin RT, Krishnan P, James L, Lee CE. 2011. Isolation of the first three cases of Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027 in Singapore. Singapore Med. J. 52:361-364.
16. Kuijper EJ, Barbut F, Brazier JS, Kleinkauf N, Eckmanns T, Lambert ML, Drudy D, Fitzpatrick F, Wiuff C, Brown DJ, Coia JE, Pituch H, Reichert P, Even J, Mossong J, Widmer AF, Olsen KE, Allerberger F, Notermans DW, Delmée M, Coignard B, Wilcox M, Patel B, Frei R, Nagy E, Bouza E, Marin M, Akerlund T, Virolainen-Julkunen A, Lyytikäinen O, Kotila S, Ingebretsen A, Smyth B, Rooney P, Poxton IR, Monnet DL 2008. Update of Clostridium difficile infection due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe, 2008. Euro Surveill. 13(31):pii-18942. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId-18942.
17. Richards M, Knox J, Elliott B, Mackin K, Lyras D, Waring LJ, Riley TV. 2011. Severe infection with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 acquired in Melbourne, Australia. Med. J. Aust. 194:369-371.
18. Clements AC, Magalhães RJ, Tatem AJ, Paterson DL, Riley TV. 2010. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027: assessing the risks of further worldwide spread. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10:395-404.
19. Belmares J, Johnson S, Parada JP, Olson MM, Clabots CR, Bettin KM, Peterson LR, Gerding DN. 2009. Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile over the course of 10 years in a tertiary care hospital. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49:1141-1147.
20. Stabler RA, Gerding DN, Songer JG, Drudy D, Brazier JS, Trinh HT, Witney AA, Hinds J, Wren BW. 2006. Comparative phylogenomics of Clostridium difficile reveals clade specificity and microevolution of hypervirulent strains. J. Bacteriol. 188:7297-7305.
21. Stabler RA, He M, Dawson L, Martin M, Valiente E, Corton C, Lawley TD, Sebaihia M, Quail MA, Rose G, Gerding DN, Gibert M, Popoff MR, Parkhill J, Dougan G, Wren BW. 2009. Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. Genome Biol. 10:R102. doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-9-r102. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
22. Wilson KH, Sheagren JN. 1983. Antagonism of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by nontoxigenic C. difficile. J. Infect. Dis. 147:733-736.
23. Borriello SP, Barclay FE. 1985. Protection of hamsters against Clostridium difficile ileocaecitis by prior colonisation with non-pathogenic strains. J. Med. Microbiol. 19:339-350.
24. Vedantam G, Merrigan MM, Gerding DN. 2006. Hypervirulent epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile have altered host cell adherence and protein expression. Abstr. Fifth Int. Meet. Mol. Biol. Pathogenesis Clostridia, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
25. Schwan C, Stecher B, Tzivelekidis T, van Ham M, Rohde M, Hardt W-D, Wehland J, Aktories K. 2009. Clostridium difficile toxin CDT induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria. PLoS Pathog. 5:e1000626. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat .1000626.
26. Sambol SP, Tang JK, Merrigan MM, Johnson S, Gerding DN. 2001. Infection of hamsters with epidemiologically important strains of Clostridium difficile. J. Infect. Dis. 183:1760-1766.
27. ViroPharma. 2013. Treatment with VP20621 (non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile; NTCD) in a phase 2 study resulted in high rates of colonization and statistically significant reductions in recurrence of C. difficile infection. Press release. ViroPharma, Exton, PA.