Characterizing freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Models of an episodic phenomenon

Movement Disorders

Volumn 28, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1509-1519

  Nieuwboer, Alice ^a   Giladi, Nir ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Executive function; Freezing of gait; Gait; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; LEVODOPA;

CATECHOLAMINE DEPLETION; CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION; COGNITIVE RESERVE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISEASE MODEL; DISEASE SEVERITY; FREEZING; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; NEUROLOGIC GAIT DISORDER; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELF EVALUATION; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FREEZING OF GAIT; GAIT; PARKINSON'S DISEASE;

FREEZING REACTION, CATALEPTIC; GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 84885805290     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.25683     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Redmond L, Suddick K. The lived experience of freezing in people with Parkinson's: an interpretive phenomenological approach. Int J Ther Rehab 2012;19:169-177.
2. Giladi N, McDermott MP, Fahn S, et al. Freezing of gait in PD: prospective assessment in the DATATOP cohort. Neurology 2001;56:1712-1721.
3. Tan DM, McGinley JL, Danoudis ME, Iansek R, Morris ME. Freezing of gait and activity limitations in people with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:1159-1165.
4. Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG. The Sydney multicentre study of Parkinson's disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord 2008;23:837-844.
5. Factor SA. The clinical spectrum of freezing of gait in atypical parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2008;23(SUPPL 2):S431-S438.
6. Giladi N, Kao R, Fahn S. Freezing phenomenon in patients with parkinsonian syndromes. Mov Disord 1997;12:302-305.
7. Nieuwboer A, Giladi N. The challenge of evaluating freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. Br J Neurosurg 2008;22(SUPPL 1):S16-S18.
8. Plotnik M, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Bilateral coordination of walking and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2008;27:1999-2006.
9. Chee R, Murphy A, Danoudis M, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Iansek R. Gait freezing in Parkinson's disease and the stride length sequence effect interaction. Brain 2009;132(PT 8):2151-2160.
10. Nieuwboer A, Vercruysse S, Feys P, Levin O, Spildooren J, Swinnen S. Upper limb movement interruptions are correlated to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2009;29:1422-1430.
11. Almeida QJ, Lebold CA. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a perceptual cause for a motor impairment? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:513-518.
12. Delval A, Snijders AH, Weerdesteyn V, et al. Objective detection of subtle freezing of gait episodes in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010;25:1684-1693.
13. Lebold CA, Almeida QJ. Evaluating the contributions of dynamic flow to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease [serial online]. Parkinsons Dis 2010;2010:732508.
14. Spildooren J, Vercruysse S, Desloovere K, Vandenberghe W, Kerckhofs E, Nieuwboer A. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: the impact of dual-tasking and turning. Mov Disord 2010;25:2563-2570.
15. Cohen RG, Chao A, Nutt JG, Horak FB. Freezing of gait is associated with a mismatch between motor imagery and motor execution in narrow doorways, not with failure to judge doorway passability. Neuropsychologia 2011;49:3981-3988.
16. Nanhoe-Mahabier W, Snijders AH, Delval A, et al. Walking patterns in Parkinson's disease with and without freezing of gait. Neuroscience 2011;182:217-224.
17. Okada Y, Fukumoto T, Takatori K, Nagino K, Hiraoka K. Variable initial swing side and prolonged double limb support represent abnormalities of the first three steps of gait initiation in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait [serial online]. Front Neurol 2011;2:85.
18. Danoudis M, Iansek R, Simpson P. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: further insights into pathophysiological mechanisms. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:543-547.
19. Peterson DS, Plotnik M, Hausdorff JM, Earhart GM. Evidence for a relationship between bilateral coordination during complex gait tasks and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:1022-1026.
20. Vercruysse S, Spildooren J, Heremans E, et al. Abnormalities and cue dependence of rhythmical upper-limb movements in Parkinson patients with freezing of gait. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2012;26:636-645.
21. Vercruysse S, Spildooren J, Heremans E, et al. Freezing in Parkinson's disease: a spatiotemporal motor disorder beyond gait. Mov Disord 2012;27:254-263.
22. Bhatt H, Pieruccini-Faria F, Almeida QJ. Dynamics of turning sharpness influences freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013;19:181-185.
23. Frazzitta G, Pezzoli G, Bertotti G, Maestri R. Asymmetry and freezing of gait in parkinsonian patients. J Neurol 2013;260:71-76.
24. Nanhoe-Mahabier W, Snijders AH, Delval A, et al. Split-belt locomotion in Parkinson's disease with and without freezing of gait. Neuroscience 2013;236:110-116.
25. Spildooren J, Vercruysse S, Heremans E, et al. Head-pelvis coupling is increased during turning in patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait. Mov Disord 2013;28:619-625.
26. Amboni M, Cozzolino A, Longo K, Picillo M, Barone P. Freezing of gait and executive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:395-400.
27. Maidan I, Plotnik M, Mirelman A, Weiss A, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Heart rate changes during freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010;25:2346-2354.
28. Tan T, Almeida QJ, Rahimi F. Proprioceptive deficits in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait. Neuroscience 2011;192:746-752.
29. Vandenbossche J, Deroost N, Soetens E, et al. Freezing of gait in Parkinson disease is associated with impaired conflict resolution. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2011;25:765-773.
30. Knobl P, Kielstra L, Almeida Q. The relationship between motor planning and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012;83:98-101.
31. Lord S, Archibald N, Mosimann U, Burn D, Rochester L. Dorsal rather than ventral visual pathways discriminate freezing status in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:1094-1096.
32. Nantel J, McDonald JC, Tan S, Bronte-Stewart H. Deficits in visuospatial processing contribute to quantitative measures of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2012;221:151-156.
33. Vandenbossche J, Deroost N, Soetens E, et al. Conflict and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: support for a response control deficit. Neuroscience 2012;206:144-154.
34. Vercruysse S, Devos H, Munks L, et al. Explaining freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: motor and cognitive determinants. Mov Disord 2012;27:1644-1651.
35. Vandenbossche J, Deroost N, Soetens E, et al. Impaired implicit sequence learning in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait. Neuropsychology 2013;27:28-36.
36. Snijders AH, Leunissen I, Bakker M, et al. Gait-related cerebral alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait. Brain 2011;134(PT 1):59-72.
37. Thevathasan W, Pogosyan A, Hyam JA, et al. A block to pre-prepared movement in gait freezing, relieved by pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation. Brain 2011;134(PT 7):2085-2095.
38. Imamura K, Okayasu N, Nagatsu T. Cerebral blood flow and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2012;126:210-218.
39. Kostic VS, Agosta F, Pievani M, et al. Pattern of brain tissue loss associated with freezing of gait in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2012;78:409-416.
40. Tessitore A, Amboni M, Esposito F, et al. Resting-state brain connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:781-787.
41. Tessitore A, Amboni M, Cirillo G, et al. Regional gray matter atrophy in patients with Parkinson disease and freezing of gait. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1804-1809.
42. Shine JM, Matar E, Ward PB, et al. Differential neural activation patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait in response to concurrent cognitive and motor load [serial online]. PLoS One 2013;8:e52602.
43. Snijders AH, Haaxma CA, Hagen YJ, Munneke M, Bloem BR. Freezer or non-freezer: clinical assessment of freezing of gait. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:149-154.
44. Giladi N. Medical treatment of freezing of gait. Mov Disord 2008;23(SUPPL 2):S482-S488.
45. Espay AJ, Fasano A, van Nuenen BF, Payne MM, Snijders AH, Bloem BR. "On" state freezing of gait in Parkinson disease: a paradoxical levodopa-induced complication. Neurology 2012;78:454-457.
46. Ferraye MU, Ardouin C, Lhommee E, et al. Levodopa-resistant freezing of gait and executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Eur Neurol 2013;69:281-288.
47. Macht M, Kaussner Y, Moller JC, et al. Predictors of freezing in Parkinson's disease: a survey of 6, 620 patients. Mov Disord 2007;22:953-956.
48. Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. The role of mental function in the pathogenesis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2006;248:173-176.
49. Factor SA, Steenland NK, Higgins DS. Postural instability/gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease has distinct subtypes: an exploratory analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:564-568.
50. Herman T, Rosenberg-Katz K, Jacob Y, et al. White matter hyperintensities in Parkinson's disease: do they explain the disparity between the postural instability gait difficulty and tremor dominant subtypes [serial online]? PLoS One 2013;8:e55193.
51. Ziegler K, Schroeteler F, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Fietzek UM. A new rating instrument to assess festination and freezing of gait in Parkinsonian patients. Mov Disord 2010;25:1012-1018.
52. Cremers J, Phan Ba R, Delvaux V, Garraux G. Construction and validation of the Dynamic Parkinson Gait Scale (DYPAGS). Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:759-764.
53. Morris TR, Cho C, Dilda V, Shine JM, Naismith SL, Lewis SJ, Moore ST. A comparison of clinical and objective measures of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:572-577.
54. Nutt JG, Bloem BR, Giladi N, Hallett M, Horak FB, Nieuwboer A. Freezing of gait: moving forward on a mysterious clinical phenomenon. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:734-744.
55. Hausdorff JM, Balash J, Gildai N. Time series analysis of leg movement during freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: akinesia, rhyme or reason? Physica A Stat Mechanics Appl 2003;321:565-570.
56. Tripoliti EE, Tzallas AT, Tsipouras MG, et al. Automatic detection of freezing of gait events in patients with Parkinson's disease. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2013;110:12-26.
57. Mancini M, Priest KC, Nutt JG, Horak FB. Quantifying freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease during the instrumented timed up and go test. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012;2012:1198-1201.
58. Bachlin M, Plotnik M, Roggen D, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM, Troster G. A wearable system to assist walking of Parkinson s disease patients. Methods Inf Med 2010;49:88-95.
59. Giladi N, Nieuwboer A. Understanding and treating freezing of gait in Parkinsonism, proposed working definition and setting the stage. Mov Disord 2008;23(SUPPL 2):S423-S425.
60. Hausdorff JM, Ashkenazy Y, Peng CK, Ivanov PC, Stanley HE, Goldberger AL. When human walking becomes random walking: fractal analysis and modeling of gait rhythm fluctuations. Physica A 2001;302(1-4):138-147.
61. Moore ST, MacDougall HG, Ondo WG. Ambulatory monitoring of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Methods 2008;167:340-348.
62. Schaafsma JD, Balash Y, Gurevich T, Bartels AL, Hausdorff JM, Giladi N. Characterization of freezing of gait subtypes and the response of each to levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2003;10:391-398.
63. Plotnik M, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Is freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease a result of multiple gait impairments? Implications for treatment [serial online]. Parkinsons Dis 2012;2012:459321.
64. Beek PJ, Peper CE, Stegeman DF. Dynamical models of movement coordination. Hum Mov Sci 1995;14:573-608.
65. Nieuwboer A, Dom R, De Weerdt W, Desloovere K, Fieuws S, Broens-Kaucsik E. Abnormalities of the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait at the onset of freezing in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2001;16:1066-1075.
66. Hausdorff JM, Schaafsma JD, Balash Y, Bartels AL, Gurevich T, Giladi N. Impaired regulation of stride variability in Parkinson's disease subjects with freezing of gait. Exp Brain Res 2003;149:187-194.
67. Plotnik M, Giladi N, Balash Y, Peretz C, Hausdorff JM. Is freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease related to asymmetric motor function? Ann Neurol 2005;57:656-663.
68. Moreau C, Defebvre L, Bleuse S, et al. Externally provoked freezing of gait in open runways in advanced Parkinson's disease results from motor and mental collapse. J Neural Transm 2008;115:1431-1436.
69. Nantel J, de Solages C, Bronte-Stewart H. Repetitive stepping in place identifies and measures freezing episodes in subjects with Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 2011;34:329-333.
70. Williams AJ, Peterson DS, Earhart GM. Gait coordination in Parkinson disease: effects of step length and cadence manipulations. Gait Posture 2013;38:340-344.
71. Stegemoller EL, Simuni T, MacKinnon C. Effect of movement frequency on repetitive finger movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009;24:1162-1169.
72. Spildooren J, Vercruysse S, Meyns P, et al. Turning and unilateral cueing in Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait. Neuroscience 2012;207:298-306.
73. Kang SY, Wasaka T, Shamim EA, et al. Characteristics of the sequence effect in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010;25:2148-2155.
74. Lewis SJG, Barker RA. A pathophysiological model of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15:333-338.
75. DeLong MR, Wichmann T. Circuits and circuit disorders of the basal ganglia. Arch Neurol 2007;64:20-24.
76. Shine JM, Naismith SL, Lewis SJ. The differential yet concurrent contributions of motor, cognitive and affective disturbance to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013;115:542-545.
77. Cowie D, Limousin P, Peters A, Hariz M, Day BL. Doorway-provoked freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:492-499.
78. Shine JM, Matar E, Bolitho SJ, et al. Modeling freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease with a virtual reality paradigm. Gait Posture 2013;38:104-108.
79. Shine JM, Matar E, Ward PB, et al. Exploring the cortical and subcortical functional magnetic resonance imaging changes associated with freezing in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2013;136:1204-1215.
80. Snijders AH, Toni I, Ruzicka E, Bloem BR. Bicycling breaks the ice for freezers of gait. Mov Disord 2011;26:367-371.
81. Vandenbossche J, Deroost N, Soetens E, et al. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control [serial online]. Front Hum Neurosci 2012;6:356.
82. D'Ostilio K, Garraux G. Brain mechanisms underlying automatic and unconscious control of motor action [serial online]. Front Hum Neurosci 2012;6:265.
83. Shine JM, Naismith SL, Palavra NC, et al. Attentional set-shifting deficits correlate with the severity of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013;19:388-390.
84. Naismith SL, Shine JM, Lewis SJG. The specific contribution of set-shifting to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010;25:1000-1004.
85. Aron JL, Paulus MP. Location, location: using functional magnetic resonance imaging to pinpoint brain differences relevant to stimulant use. Addiction 2007;102(SUPPL 1):33-43.
86. Coxon JP, Van Impe A, Wenderoth N, Swinnen SP. Aging and inhibitory control of action: cortico-subthalamic connection strength predicts stopping performance. J Neurosci 2012;32:8401-8412.
87. Frank MJ, Scheres A, Sherman SJ. Understanding decision-making deficits in neurological conditions: insights from models of natural action selection. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007;362:1641-1654.
88. Heremans E, Nieuwboer A, Spildooren J, et al. Cognitive aspects of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a challenge for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm 2013;120:543-557.
89. Jacobs JV, Nutt JG, Carlson-Kuhta P, Stephens M, Horak FB. Knee trembling during freezing of gait represents multiple anticipatory postural adjustments. Exp Neurol 2009;215:334-341.
90. Rocchi L, Carlson-Kuhta P, Chiari L, Burchiel KJ, Hogarth P, Horak FB. Effects of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus on step initiation in Parkinson disease: laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg 2012;117:1141-1149.
91. King LA, St George RJ, Carlson-Kuhta P, Nutt JG, Horak FB. Preparation for compensatory forward stepping in Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91:1332-1338.
92. Thevathasan W, Pogosyan A, Hyam JA, et al. A block to pre-prepared movement in gait freezing, relieved by pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation. Brain 2011;134(PT 7):2085-2095.
93. Thevathasan W, Pogosyan A, Hyam JA, et al. Alpha oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus correlate with gait performance in parkinsonism. Brain 2012;135:148-160.
94. Vercruysse S, Spildooren J, Heremans E, Wenderoth N, Swinnen SP, Vandenberghe W, Nieuwboer A. The neural correlates of upper limb motor blocks in Parkinson's disease and their relation to freezing of gait [published online ahead of print 16 July 2013]. Cereb Cortex 2013.
95. Handojoseno AM, Shine JM, Nguyen TN, Tran Y, Lewis SJ, Nguyen HT. The detection of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease patients using EEG signals based on wavelet decomposition. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012;2012:69-72