메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 567-579

Regulatory Aspects of Anticholinesterase Pesticides

Author keywords

Anticholinesterase pesticides and regulatory aspects; Pesticides for crop and human protection; Risk assessment and management framework of pesticides within European Union

Indexed keywords


EID: 84885702407     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470640500.ch41     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 67349116342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure based waiving: the application of the toxicological threshold of concern (TTC) to inhalation exposure for aerosol ingredients in consumer products
    • Carthew P, Clapp C, Gutsell S (2009). Exposure based waiving: the application of the toxicological threshold of concern (TTC) to inhalation exposure for aerosol ingredients in consumer products. Food Chem Toxicol 47:1287-1295.
    • (2009) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.47 , pp. 1287-1295
    • Carthew, P.1    Clapp, C.2    Gutsell, S.3
  • 2
    • 33646700871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case definition for acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases reportable to the National Public Health Surveillance System
    • CDC, Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Available at
    • CDC (2005). Case definition for acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases reportable to the National Public Health Surveillance System. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ pesticides/pdfs/casedef2003_revAPR2005.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 4
    • 84885699472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Council Directive 98/24/EC of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work. Available at
    • EC (1998). Council Directive 98/24/EC of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work. Available at http://europa.eu/eur-lex/ pri/en/oj/dat/1998/l_131/l_13119980505en00110023.pdf
    • (1998)
  • 5
    • 84885814737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, York, UK, on 6-8 September 1999. Available at, Doc. 2734/SANCO/99: Minimum Data Requirements for Establishing Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) Including Import Tolerances
    • EC (1999). Doc. 2734/SANCO/99: Minimum Data Requirements for Establishing Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) Including Import Tolerances. Recommendations from the Scientific Workshop held at the Pesticides Safety Directorate, York, UK, on 6-8 September 1999. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/ food/plant/protection/resources/min_data_en.pdf
    • (1999) Recommendations from the Scientific Workshop held at the Pesticides Safety Directorate
  • 6
    • 84885696423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E.C European Commission - D.G S.A.N.C.O 7199/V.I/99 rev. 5. Guidance for the Setting of an Acute Reference Dose (A.RfD). Draft Guidance Document. Available at
    • EC (2001). European Commission - DG SANCO 7199/VI/99 rev. 5. Guidance for the Setting of an Acute Reference Dose (ARfD). Draft Guidance Document. Available at http:// ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/resources99_vi_99.pdf
    • (2001)
  • 7
    • 84885373682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law.Available at
    • EC (2002). Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ pri/en/oj/dat/2002/l_031/l_03120020201en00010024.pdf
    • (2002) establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety
  • 8
    • 84873394496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive
    • 91/414/EEC. Available at, ECRegulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on
    • EC (2005). Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=OJ:L:2005:070:0001:0016:en:PDF
    • (2005)
  • 10
    • 84885750079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/ 769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/ EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Available at
    • EC (2006b). Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/ 769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/ EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Available at http:// eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:396:0001:0849:EN:PDF
    • (2006)
  • 11
    • 84885755122 scopus 로고
    • EECCouncil Directive (EEC) 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. Available at
    • EEC (1991). Council Directive (EEC) 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. Available at http://europa.eu/eur-lex/en/consleg/ pdf/1991/en_1991L0414_do_001.pdf
    • (1991)
  • 12
    • 84871377765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
    • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) http://www.efsa.europa.eu
  • 13
    • 25644458733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Core Assessment Group. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper
    • FAO, Pesticide residues in food-2007, 191. Available at
    • FAO (2007). Pesticide residues in food-2007. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Core Assessment Group. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 191. Available at http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/en/
    • (2007)
  • 14
    • 84885697451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO/WHO, eport of the Joint Meeting of FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group ofPesticideResidues
    • Pesticide residues in food-1998R, Rome, Italy 21-30 September 1998
    • FAO/WHO(1999). Pesticide residues in food-1998. Report of the Joint Meeting of FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group ofPesticideResidues.Rome, Italy 21-30 September 1998.
    • (1999)
  • 15
    • 84885703153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fenner-Crisp PA
    • In: Krieger RI (Ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Principles, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego
    • Fenner-Crisp PA (2001). Risk Assessment and Risk Management: The Regulatory Process. In: Krieger RI (Ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Vol. 1, Principles, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 681-689.
    • (2001) Risk Assessment and Risk Management: The Regulatory Process , vol.1 , pp. 681-689
  • 16
    • 0032419355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute poisoning from pesticides: human and economic costs
    • Garcia DE (1998). Acute poisoning from pesticides: human and economic costs. Rev Panam Salud Publica 4(6):383-387.
    • (1998) Rev Panam Salud Publica , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 383-387
    • Garcia, D.E.1
  • 17
    • 38649085051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide poisoning
    • Goal A and Aggarwal P (2007). Pesticide poisoning. Natl Med J India 20(4):182-191.
    • (2007) Natl Med J India , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 182-191
    • Goal, A.1    Aggarwal, P.2
  • 18
    • 84885812832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCS Risk assessment terminology
    • IPCS, Part 2. IPCS glossary of key exposure assessment terminology, (IPCS Harmonization Project Document No. 1. Available at
    • IPCS (2004). IPCS Risk assessment terminology. Part 2. IPCS glossary of key exposure assessment terminology. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS Harmonization Project Document No. 1. Available at http://www.who.int/ipcs/methods/harmonization/ areas/ipcsterminologrts1and2.pdf
    • (2004) Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety
  • 19
    • 84885760031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty and Data Quality in Exposure Assessment
    • (IPCS Harmonization Project Document No. 6) Available at, IPCS
    • IPCS (2008). Uncertainty and Data Quality in Exposure Assessment. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS Harmonization Project Document No. 6) Available at http://www.who.int/ipcs/ publications/methods/harmonization/exposure_assessment.pdf
    • (2008) Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety
  • 21
    • 0021794307 scopus 로고
    • Health problems of pesticide usage in the Third World
    • Jeyaratnam J (1985). Health problems of pesticide usage in the Third World. Br J Ind 42:505-506.
    • (1985) Br J Ind , vol.42 , pp. 505-506
    • Jeyaratnam, J.1
  • 22
    • 84885829662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JMPR, Summary Report from the 2007 Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). Available at
    • JMPR (2007). Summary Report from the 2007 Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). Available at http:// www.who.int/ipcs/food/jmpr/summaries/summary_2007.pdf
    • (2007)
  • 23
    • 84885744721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Wypych G, (Ed.) Handbook of Solvents. Toronto- New York: William Andrew Publishing, pp. 1251-1265
    • Kalliokoski P and Savolainen K (2001). Solvent uses with exposure risks. In: Wypych G, (Ed.) Handbook of Solvents. Toronto- New York: William Andrew Publishing, pp. 1251-1265.
    • (2001) Solvent uses with exposure risks
    • Kalliokoski, P.1    Savolainen, K.2
  • 24
    • 0027417039 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of sprayers and plant handlers to mevinphos in Finnish greenhouses
    • Kangas J, Laitinen S, Jauhiainen A and Savolainen K (1993). Exposure of sprayers and plant handlers to mevinphos in Finnish greenhouses. Am J Ind Hyg 54:150-157.
    • (1993) Am J Ind Hyg , vol.54 , pp. 150-157
    • Kangas, J.1    Laitinen, S.2    Jauhiainen, A.3    Savolainen, K.4
  • 25
    • 0003587667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons
    • 7th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Klaassen CD (Ed.) (2007). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 7th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (2007)
    • Klaassen, C.D.1
  • 26
    • 26444572796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The threshold of toxicological concern concept in risk assessment
    • Kroes R, Kleiner J and Renwick A (2005). The threshold of toxicological concern concept in risk assessment. Toxicol Sci. 86(2):226-230.
    • (2005) Toxicol Sci , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-230
    • Kroes, R.1    Kleiner, J.2    Renwick, A.3
  • 28
    • 0025879328 scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of ethylenethiourea and kidney morphology in rats after continuous oral exposure to nabam or ethylenethiourea
    • Kurttio P, Savolainen K, Naukkarinen A, Kosma V-M, Tuomisto L, Penttilä I and Jolkkonen J (1991). Urinary excretion of ethylenethiourea and kidney morphology in rats after continuous oral exposure to nabam or ethylenethiourea. Arch Toxicol 65:381-385.
    • (1991) Arch Toxicol , vol.65 , pp. 381-385
    • Kurttio, P.1    Savolainen, K.2    Naukkarinen, A.3    Kosma, V.-M.4    Tuomisto, L.5    Penttilä, I.6    Jolkkonen, J.7
  • 29
    • 0026603583 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of ethylenethiourea using thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Kurttio P, Auriola S, Vartiainen T, Savolainen K (1992). Measurement of ethylenethiourea using thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Anal Toxicol 16:85-87.
    • (1992) J Anal Toxicol , vol.16 , pp. 85-87
    • Kurttio, P.1    Auriola, S.2    Vartiainen, T.3    Savolainen, K.4
  • 31
    • 2342513481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opportunities and obstacles to collaboration between the developing and developed countries in the field of occupational health
    • Rantanen J, Lehtinen S and Savolainen K (2004). The opportunities and obstacles to collaboration between the developing and developed countries in the field of occupational health. Toxicology 198:63-74.
    • (2004) Toxicology , vol.198 , pp. 63-74
    • Rantanen, J.1    Lehtinen, S.2    Savolainen, K.3
  • 32
    • 67349118727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the threshold of toxicological concern approach for the safety evaluation of calendula flower (Calendula officinalis) petals and extracts used in cosmetic and personal care products
    • Re TA, Mooney D, Antignac E, Dufour E, Bark I, Srinivasan V, Nohynek G (2009). Application of the threshold of toxicological concern approach for the safety evaluation of calendula flower (Calendula officinalis) petals and extracts used in cosmetic and personal care products. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47(6):1246-1254.
    • (2009) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 1246-1254
    • Re, T.A.1    Mooney, D.2    Antignac, E.3    Dufour, E.4    Bark, I.5    Srinivasan, V.6    Nohynek, G.7
  • 33
    • 0012341195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Krieger RI (Ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Agents. 2nd edn, Vol. 2. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 1013-1014
    • Savolainen K (2001). Understanding the toxic actions of organophosphates. In: Krieger RI (Ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Agents. 2nd edn, Vol. 2. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 1013-1014.
    • (2001) Understanding the toxic actions of organophosphates
    • Savolainen, K.1
  • 35
    • 84885773516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL)
    • Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=153&langId=en&intPageI
  • 37
    • 33847073359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organophosphate exposures in the United States: a longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers
    • Sudakin and Power LE (2007) Organophosphate exposures in the United States: a longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers. J Toxicol Environ Health A 70(2):141-147.
    • (2007) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-147
    • Sudakin Power, L.E.1
  • 38
    • 84885796539 scopus 로고
    • WHO Safe Use of Pesticide. WHO expert committee on insecticides, Twentieth Report, Geneva
    • WHO (1973). Safe Use of Pesticide. WHO expert committee on insecticides, Twentieth Report, Geneva. World Health Organization. Tech. Rep. ser. no. 513.
    • (1973) World Health Organization. Tech. Rep. ser. , pp. 513
  • 40
    • 84885771828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO The use of DDT in malaria vector control. WHO position statement
    • Available at
    • WHO (2007). The use of DDT in malaria vector control. WHO position statement. World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/ipcs/capacity_building/who_statement.pdf
    • (2007) World Health Organization
  • 41
    • 84885815858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO-UNEP Sound management of pesticides and diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning
    • Available at
    • WHO-UNEP (2006). Sound management of pesticides and diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning. A resource tool. Available at http://www.who.int/whopes/recommendations/IPCSPesticide_ok.pdf
    • (2006) A resource tool


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.