Organophosphate exposures in the united states: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 141-147

  Sudakin, Daniel L ^a   Power, Laura E ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; DATA ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTOXICATION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; POISON CENTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HUMANS; INSECTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; POISON CONTROL CENTERS; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;

EID: 33847073359     PISSN: 15287394     EISSN: 10872620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15287390600755224     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akgur, S. A., Ozturk, P., Sozmen, E. Y., Delen, Y., Tanyalcin, T., and Ege, B. 1999. Paraoxonase and acetylcholinesterase activities in humans exposed to organophosphorous compounds. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 58:469-474.
2. Akgur, S., Ozturk, P., Yemiscigil, A., Ege, B. 2003. Rapid communication: postmortem distribution of organophosphate insecticides in human autopsy tissues following suicide. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 66:2187-2191.
3. American Association of Poison Control Centers. n.d. Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Available at http://www.aapcc.org/tessbro/tessbro.pdf. Accessed 2 December 2005.
4. American Association of Poison Control Centers. 2001. Instructions for the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS), Effective November 1, 2001, Required Definitions and Fields for TESS 2002. Unpublished.
5. Associated Press. 1998. EPA examines popular pesticides. Telegraph-Herald April 5. Washington, DC.
6. Banks, K. E., Hunter, D. H., and Wachal, D. J. 2005. Diazinon in surface waters before and after a federally-mandated ban. Sci. Total Environ. 350:86-93.
7. Bell, J. W., Veltri, J. C., and Page, B. C. 2002. Human exposures to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide insect repellents reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1993-1997. Int. J. Toxicol. 21:341-352.
8. Belson, M., Kieszak, S., Watson, W., Blindauer, K. M., Phan, K., Backer, L., and Rubin, C. 2003. Childhood pesticide exposures on the Texas-Mexico border: Clinical manifestations and poison center use. Am. J. Public Health 93:1310-1315.
9. Bradberry, S. M., Cage, S. A., Proudfoot, A. T., and Vale, J. A. 2005. Poisoning due to pyrethroids. Toxicol. Rev. 24:93-106.
10. Bresnitz, E. A., Gittleman, J. L., Shic, F., Temple, B., and Henretig, F. 1999. A national survey of regional poison control centers' management of occupational exposure calls. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 41:93-99.
11. Calvert, G. M., Plate, D. K., Das, R., Rosales, R., Shafey, O., Thomsen, C., Male, D., Beckman, J., Arvizu, E., and Lackovic, M. 2004. Acute occupational pesticide-related illness in the US, 1998-1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR-pesticides program. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:14-23.
12. Carlock, L. L., Chen, W. L., Gordon, E. B., Killeen, J. C., Manley, A., Meyer, L. S., Mullin, L. S., Pendino, K. J., Percy, A., Sargent, D. E., Seaman, L. R., Svanborg, N. K., Stanton, R. H., Tellone, C. I., and Van Goethem, D. L. 1999. Regulating and assessing risks of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides: Divergent approaches and interpretations. J. Toxicol. Environ Health B 2:105-160.
13. Clegg, D. J., and van Gemert, M. 1999. Expert panel report of human studies on chlorpyrifos and/or other organophosphate exposures. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 2:257-279.
14. Eddleston, M. 2000. Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world. Q. J. Med. 93:715-731.
15. Eddleston, M., Eyer, P., Worek, F., Mohamed, F., Senarathna, L., von Meyer, L., Juszczak, E., Hittarage, A., Azhar, S., Dissanayake, W., Sheriff, M. H., Szinicz, L., Dawson, A. H., and Buckley, N. A. 2005. Differences between organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning: A prospective cohort study. Lancet 366:1452-1459.
16. Eddleston, M., Karalliedde, L., Buckley, N., Fernando, R., Hutchinson, G., Isbister, G., Konradsen, F., Murray, D., Piola, J. C., Senanayake, N., Sheriff, R., Singh, S., Siwach, S. B., and Smit, L. 2002. Pesticide poisoning in the developing world - A minimum pesticides list. Lancet 360:1163-1167.
17. Fialka, J. J. 1999. EPA recommends increased controls on an insecticide. Wall Street Journal, October 28.
18. Getler W. 1998. Scrutiny of pesticides comes none too soon. USA Today, March 24.
19. Goldman, L. R. 1998. Chemicals and children's environment: what we don't know about risks. Environ. Health Perspect. 106(suppl. 3):875-880.
20. Gunnell, D., and Eddleston, M. 2003. Suicide by intentional ingestion of pesticides: A continuing tragedy in developing countries. Int. J. Epidemiol. 32:902-909.
21. Hamilton, R. J., and Goldfrank, L. R. 1997. Poison center data and the Pollyanna phenomenon. Clin. Toxicol. 35:21-23.
22. Horowitz, B. Z., Giffin, S., and Thomsen, C. L. 2002. Pesticide-related illness: Are poison centers reporting to the state health department? Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 44:49-51.
23. Johnson, S. L. 1997. Implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act. Food Drug Law J. 52:525-529.
24. Karalliedde, L., and Meredith, T. 2001. Socio-economics, health issues and pesticides. In Organophosphates and health, eds. L. Karalliedde, L. Feldman, J. Henry, and T. C. Marrs, pp. 37-59). London: Imperial College Press.
25. Kiely, T., Donaldson, D., and Grube, A. 2004. Pesticides industry sales and usage: 2000 and 2001 market estimates, pp. 1-33. Washington, DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs Biological and Economic Analysis Division.
26. Kirrane, B. M. and Hoffman, R. S. 2005. Pesticide exposure at schools and acute illnesses. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 294:2431.
27. Konradsen, F., van der Hoek, W., Cole, D. C., Hutchinson, G., Daisley, H., Singh, S., and Eddleston, M. 2003. Reducing acute poisoning in developing countries - Options for restricting the availability of pesticides. Toxicology 192:249-261.
28. Litovitz, T. L., Felberg, L., White, S., and Klein-Schwartz, W.. 1996 1995 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 14:487-537.
29. Litovitz, T. L., Smilkstein, M.; Felberg, L., Klein-Schwartz, W., Berlin, R., and Morgan, J. L. 1997. 1996 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 15:447-500.
30. Litovitz, T. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., Dyer, K. S., Shannon, M., Lee, S., and Powers, M. 1998. 1997 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 16:443-497.
31. Litovitz, T. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., Caravati, E. M., Youniss, J., Crouch, B., and Lee, S. 1999. 1998 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 17:435-487.
32. Litovitz, T. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., White, S., Cobaugh, D.J., Youniss, J., Drab, A., and Benson, B. E. 2000. 1999 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 18:517-574.
33. Litovitz, T. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., White, S., Cobaugh, D. J., Youniss, J., Omslaer, J. C., Drab, A., and Benson, B. E. 2001. 2000 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 19:337-395.
34. Litovitz, T. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., Rodgers, G. C., Jr., Cobaugh, D. J., Youniss, J., Omslaer, J. C., May, M. E., Woolf, A. D., and Benson, B. E. 2002. 2001 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20:391-452.
35. Piola, J. C., and Prada, D. B. 1999. The influence of regulatory steps in the morbidity and mortality due to thallium and parathion in Rosario, Argentina. Acta Toxicol. Argentina 7:41-43.
36. Pope, C. N. 1999. Organophosphorus pesticides: Do they all have the same mechanism of toxicity? J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 2:161-181.
37. Roberts, D. M., Karunarathna, A., Buckley, N. A., Manuweera, G., Sheriff, M. H., and Eddleston, M. 2003. Influence of pesticide regulation on acute poisoning deaths in Sri Lanka. Bull World Health Org. 81:789-798.
38. Schardein, J. L., and Scialli, A. R. 1999. The legislation of toxicologic safety factors: The Food Quality Protection Act with chlorpyrifos as a test case. Reprod. Toxicol. 13:1-14.
39. Shurdut, B. A., Barraj, L., and Francis, M. 1998. Aggregate exposures under the Food Quality Protection Act: An approach using chlorpyrifos. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28:165-177.
40. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999a. Implementing the Food Quality Protection Act: Progress report. EPA 735-R-99001. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/fqpa/fqpareport.pdf
41. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999b. Chlorpyrifos: HED preliminary risk assessment for the reregistration eligibility decision (red) document. October. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/op/chlorpyrifos/ hedassessment.pdf
42. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Chlorpyrifos revised risk assessment and agreement with registrants. June http://www.epa.gov/ pesticides/op/chlorpyrifos/agreement.pdf
43. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Diazinon revised risk assessment and agreement with registrants. January http://www.epa.gov/ oppsrrd1/op/diazinon/agreement.pdf
44. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002a. Organophosphate pesticides: Revised cumulative risk assessment. Available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/rra-op
45. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002b. Interim reregistration eligibility decision for chlorpyrifos. EPA 738-R-01-007. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/chlorpyrifos_ired.pdf
46. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Interim reregistration eligibility decision: Diazinon. EPA738-R-04-006. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/diazinon_ired.pdf
47. Watson, W. A., Litovitz, T. L., Rodgers, G.C., Jr., Klein-Schwartz, W., Youniss, J., Rose, S. R., Borys, D., and May, M. E. 2003. 2002 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 21:353-421.
48. Watson, W. A., Litovitz, T. L., Klein-Schwartz, W., Rodgers, G.C., Jr., Youniss, J., Reid, N., Rouse, W. G., Rembert, R. S., and Borys, D. 2004. 2003 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 22:335-404.
49. Watson, W. A., Litovitz, T. L., Belson, M. G., Funk Wolkin, A. B., Patel, M., Schier, J. G., Reid, N. E., Kilbourne, E., and Rubin, C. 2005a. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS): Risk assessment and realtime toxicovigilance across United States poison centers. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207(2 suppl):604-610.
50. Watson, W. A., Litovitz, T. L., Rodgers, G. C., Jr., Klein-Schwartz, W., Reid, N., Youniss, J., Flanagan, A., and Wruk, K. M. 2005b. 2004 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 23:589-666.
51. Weston, D. P., Holmes, R. W., You, J., and Lydy, M. J. 2005. Aquatic toxicity due to residential use of pyrethroid insecticides. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:9778-9784.