The effect of leptin, caffeine/ephedrine, and their combination upon visceral fat mass and weight loss

Obesity

Volumn 21, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 1991-1996

  Liu, Ann G ^a   Smith, Steven R ^b   Fujioka, Ken ^c   Greenway, Frank L ^a  

^a PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b FLORIDA HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c SCRIPPS CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; EPHEDRINE; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RECOMBINANT LEPTIN; RECOMBINANT METHIONYL HUMAN FC LEPTIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY COMPOSITION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DROWSINESS; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ERYTHEMA; FAT MASS; FEMALE; HEART PALPITATION; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OBESITY; PARALLEL DESIGN; PULSE RATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SIDE EFFECT; THORAX PAIN; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WEIGHT CHANGE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY WEIGHT; CAFFEINE; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG COMBINATIONS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EPHEDRINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT; LEPTIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; WEIGHT LOSS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84885389662     PISSN: 19307381     EISSN: 1930739X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/oby.20416     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Wolfe RR,. The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84: 475-482.
2. Allison DB, Zannolli R, Faith MS, et al. Weight loss increases and fat loss decreases all-cause mortality rate: results from two independent cohort studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: 603-611.
3. Greenway FL,. The safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical and herbal caffeine and ephedrine use as a weight loss agent. Obes Rev 2001; 2: 199-211.
4. Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC, et al. Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2003; 289: 1537-1545.
5. Montague CT, Farooqi IS, Whitehead JP, et al. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature 1997; 387: 903-908.
6. Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, et al. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 879-884.
7. Farooqi IS, Matarese G, Lord GM, et al. Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency. J Clin Invest 2002; 110: 1093-1103.
8. Heymsfield SB, Greenberg AS, Fujioka K, et al. Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. JAMA 1999; 282: 1568-1575.
9. Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, Pennert K, Rybo E, Sjostrom L,. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 289: 1257-1261.
10. Despres JP, Lemieux I,. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2006; 444: 881-887.
11. Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2007; 116: 39-48.
12. Smith SR, Lovejoy JC, Greenway F, et al. Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity. Metabolism 2001; 50: 425-435.
13. Zelissen PM, Stenlof K, Lean ME, et al. Effect of three treatment schedules of recombinant methionyl human leptin on body weight in obese adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005; 7: 755-761.
14. Hukshorn CJ, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Farid AR, Smith FJ, Campfield LA,. Weekly subcutaneous pegylated recombinant native human leptin (PEG-OB) administration in obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4003-4009.
15. Mittendorfer B, Horowitz JF, DePaoli AM, McCamish MA, Patterson BW, Klein S,. Recombinant human leptin treatment does not improve insulin action in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60: 1474-1477.
16. Moon HS, Matarese G, Brennan AM, et al. Efficacy of metreleptin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: cellular and molecular pathways underlying leptin tolerance. Diabetes 2011; 60: 1647-1656.
17. Ravussin E, Smith SR, Mitchell JA, et al. Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17: 1736-1743.
18. Food and Drug Administration. Final rule declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated because they present an unreasonable risk. Final rule. Fed Regist 2004; 69: 6787-6854.
19. Astrup A, Breum L, Toubro S, Hein P, Quaade F,. The effect and safety of an ephedrine/caffeine compound compared to ephedrine, caffeine and placebo in obese subjects on an energy restricted diet. A double blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16: 269-277.
20. Hallas J, Bjerrum L, Stovring H, Andersen M,. Use of a prescribed ephedrine/caffeine combination and the risk of serious cardiovascular events: a registry-based case-crossover study. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168: 966-973.