The interaction of persistent pain and post-traumatic re-experiencing: A qualitative study in torture survivors

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 546-555

  Taylor, Bethany ^a   Carswell, Kenneth ^b   Williams, Amanda C De C ^c  

^a ST PANCRAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b CAMDEN AND ISLINGTON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

pain; PTSD; refugees; torture

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACKACHE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMOTION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; MEMORY; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PHENOMENOLOGY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PURPOSIVE SAMPLE; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; RATING SCALE; SYMPTOM; TORTURE; TORTURE SURVIVOR;

PAIN; PTSD; REFUGEES; TORTURE;

ADULT; CHRONIC PAIN; CRIME VICTIMS; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SURVIVORS; TORTURE;

EID: 84885299429     PISSN: 08853924     EISSN: 18736513     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.10.281     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. E.M. Hay, and K.M. Dunn Prognosis of low back pain in primary care BMJ 339 2009 816 817
2. A.C. McFarlane, M. Atchison, E. Rafalowicz, and P. Papay Physical symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder J Psychosom Res 38 1994 715 726
3. O.V. Rasmussen Medical aspects of torture Dan Med Bull 37 1990 1 88
4. A.B. Thomsen, J. Eriksen, and K. Smidt-Nielsen Chronic pain in torture survivors Forensic Sci Int 1088 2000 155 163
5. A.C. Williams, C.R. Peña, and A.S.C. Rice Persistent pain in survivors of torture: a cohort study J Pain Symptom Manage 40 2002 715 722
6. Human Rights Web. Convention against torture. Available from http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html. Accessed October 12, 2012.
7. Amnesty International. Available from www.amnesty.org.uk. Accessed October 12, 2012.
8. J. Quiroga, and J.M. Jaranson Politically motivated torture and its survivors: a desk study review of the literature Torture 15 2005 1 111
9. Amris K, Williams AC. Chronic pain in survivors of torture. Pain Clin Upd 2007;XV. Available from http://www.iasp-pain.org/AM/AMTemplate.cfm?Section= Home&CONTENTID=4707&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm. Accessed October 12, 2012.
10. N. Patel, and C. Granville-Chapman Clinical guidelines for the health assessment and documentation of torture 2010 Medical Foundation with the Department of Health (UK) London
11. G.J.G. Asmundson, K.D. Wright, and B.B. Stein Pain and PTSD symptoms in female veterans Eur J Pain 8 2004 345 350
12. J.C. Beckham, A.L. Crawford, and M.E. Feldman Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain in Vietnam combat veterans J Psychosom Res 43 1997 379 389
13. R.A. Benedict, and L.C. Kolb Preliminary findings on chronic pain and post traumatic stress disorder Am J Psychol 143 1986 908 910
14. G.J. Macfarlane, G.T. Jones, and P.C. Hannaford Managing low back pain presenting to primary care: where do we go from here? Pain 122 2006 219 222
15. L.A. McWilliams, B.J. Cox, and M.W. Ennis Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: an examination in a nationally representative sample Pain 106 2003 127 133
16. S.W. Turner, C. Bowie, G. Dunn, L. Shapo, and W. Yule Mental health of Kosovan refugees in the UK Br J Psychiatry 182 2003 444 448
17. G.J.G. Asmundson, M.J. Coons, S. Taylor, and J. Katz PTSD and the experience of pain: research and clinical implications of shared vulnerability and mutual maintenance Models Can J Psychiatry 47 2001 930 935
18. T.J. Sharp, and A.G. Harvey Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: mutual maintenance? Clin Psychol Rev 21 2001 857 877
19. T.V. Salomons, J.E. Osterman, L. Gagliese, and J. Katz Pain flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder Clin J Pain 20 2004 83 87
20. M.G. Whalley, E. Farmer, and C.R. Brewin Pain flashbacks following the July 7th 2005 London bombings Pain 132 2007 332 336
21. A. Liedl, and C. Knaevelsrud Chronic pain and PTSD: the perpetual avoidance model and its treatment implications Torture 18 2008 60 79
22. J.G. Beck, and J.G. Clapp A different kind of co-morbidity: understanding posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain Psychol Trauma 3 2011 101 108
23. A. Ehlers, A. Maercker, and A. Boos Posttraumatic stress disorder following political imprisonment: the role of mental defeat, alienation, and perceived permanent change J Abnorm Psychol 109 2000 45 55
24. E. Dunmore, D.M. Clark, and A. Ehlers Cognitive factors in persistent vs. recovered posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study Behav Cogn Psychother 25 1997 147 159
25. E. Dunmore, D.M. Clark, and A. Ehlers Cognitive factors involved in the onset and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after sexual assault Behav Res Ther 37 1999 809 829
26. N.K.Y. Tang, P.M. Salkovskis, and M. Hanna Mental defeat in chronic pain: initial exploration of the concept Clin J Pain 23 2007 222 232
27. J. Thakker, and J. Ward Culture and classification: the cross-cultural application of the DSM-IV Clin Psychol Rev 18 1998 501 529
28. Z. Steel, C.R.B. Steel, and D. Silove Human rights and the trauma model: genuine partners or uneasy allies? J Trauma Stress 22 2009 358 365
29. D. Summerfield How scientifically valid is the knowledge base of global mental health? BMJ 336 2008 992 994
30. M. Hollifield, T.D. Warner, and N. Lian Measuring trauma and health status in refugees: a critical review JAMA 288 2002 611 621
31. A. Rasmussen, H. Smith, and A.S. Keller Factor structure of PTSD symptoms among West and Central African refugees J Trauma Stress 20 2007 271 280
32. K.E. Miller, and A. Rasmussen War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks Soc Sci Med 70 2010 7 16
33. A. Ehlers, A. Hackmann, and T. Michael Intrusive re-experiencing in post-traumatic stress disorder: phenomenology, theory, and therapy Memory 12 2004 403 415
34. C.R. Brewin, J.D. Gregory, M. Lipton, and N. Burgess Intrusive images in psychological disorders: characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications Psychol Rev 117 2010 210 232
35. J.A. Smith, and M. Osborn Interpretative phenomenological analysis J.A. Smith, Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods 2003 Sage London
36. J. Herman Complex PTSD J Trauma Stress 5 1992 377 391
37. B. Foa, L. Cashman, L. Jaycox, and K. Perry The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the posttraumatic diagnostic scale Psychol Assess 9 1997 445 451
38. S. Morley Psychology of pain Br J Anaesth 101 2008 25 31
39. K. Wiech, and I. Tracey The influence of negative emotions on pain: behavioral effects and neural mechanisms Neuroimage 47 2009 987 994
40. A. Hackmann, and E. Holmes Reflecting on imagery: a clinical perspective and overview of the special issue of memory on mental imagery and memory in psychopathology Memory 12 2004 389 402
41. J.M. Carlsson, E.L. Mortensen, and M. Kastrup Predictors of mental health and quality of life in male tortured refugees Nord J Psychiatry 60 2006 51 57
42. A.C. Williams, and A.M. Volkmann Understanding pain from torture: cultural considerations J Pain Manag 3 2010 359 366
43. R. Sutherland, and S. Morley Self-pain enmeshment: future possible selves, sociotropy, autonomy and adjustment to chronic pain Pain 137 2008 366 377
44. V. Pupavac Refugees in the 'sick role': Stereotyping refugees and eroding refugee rights 2006 UNHCR Policy Development and Evaluation Service Geneva
45. I. Jasinskaja-Lahti, K. Liebkind, M. Jaakkola, and A. Reuter Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups J Cross Cult Psychol 37 2006 293 311
46. R.D. Schweitzer, J. Greenslade, and A. Kagee Coping strategies of refugees from the Sudan: a narrative account of resilience themes Aust N Z J Psychiatry 41 2007 282 287
47. P. Arnstein, M. Cudill, C. Mandel, A. Norris, and R. Beasley Self efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between pain intensity, disability and depression in chronic pain patients Pain 80 1999 483 491
48. M. Van Ommeren, J.T. de Jong, and B. Sharma Psychiatric disorders among tortured Bhutanese refugees in Nepal Arch Gen Psychiatry 58 2001 475 482
49. C. Watters Emerging paradigms in the mental health care of refugees Soc Sci Med 52 2001 1709 1718
50. S.B. Norman, R.S. Trim, and A.A. Goldsmith Role of risk factors proximate to time of trauma in the course of PTSD and MDD symptoms following traumatic injury J Trauma Stress 24 2011 390 398
51. J.T.V.M. De Jong, I.H. Komproe, J. Spinazzola, B.A. van der Kolk, and M.H. Van Ommeren DESNOS in three post-conflict settings: assessing cross-cultural construct equivalence J Trauma Stress 18 2005 13 21
52. A. Nickerson, R.A. Bryant, D. Silove, and Z. Steel A critical review of psychological treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees Clin Psychol Rev 31 2011 399 417
53. M.A. Hagenaars, C.R. Brewin, A. van Minnen, E.A. Holmes, and K.A.L. Hoogduin Intrusive images and intrusive thoughts as different phenomena: two experimental studies Memory 18 2010 76 84
54. M. Fazel, J. Wheeler, and J. Danesh Prevalence of serious mental disorder among 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: systematic review Lancet 365 2005 1309 1314
55. A. Diller Cross-cultural pain semantics Pain 9 1980 9 26
56. A. Kleinman, L. Eisenberg, and B. Good Culture, illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research Focus 4 2006 140 149
57. R. Vara, and N. Patel Working with interpreters in qualitative psychological research: methodological and ethical issues Qual Res Psychol 9 2012 75 87
58. N. Patel Speaking with the silent: addressing issues of empowerment when working with interpreters and refugee people H. Raval, R. Tribe, Working with interpreters in mental health 2003 Brunner-Routledge London 219 237
59. J. O'Connell Gambling with the psyche: does prosecuting human rights violators console their victims? Harvard Int Law J 46 2005 295 345
60. National Institute for Clinical Excellence The management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care. National Clinical Practice Guideline Number 26, 2005 2007 Gaskell and the British Psychological Society London
61. C. Eccleston, A.C. Williams, and S. Morley Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2009 CD007407
62. J.C. Shipherd, J.G. Beck, J.L. Hamblen, J.M. Lackner, and J.B. Freeman A preliminary examination of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in chronic pain patients: a case study J Trauma Stress 16 2003 451 457
63. B.M. Stålnacke, and A. Östman Post-traumatic stress in patients with injury-related chronic pain participating in a multimodal pain rehabilitation program Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 6 2010 59 66
64. D. Silove The psychosocial effects of torture, mass human rights violations, and refugee trauma: toward an integrated conceptual framework J Nerv Ment Dis 187 1999 200 207