Manageable N-doped graphene for high performance oxygen reduction reaction

Scientific Reports

Volumn 3, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Zhang, Yuewei ^a   Ge, Jun ^a   Wang, Lu ^b   Wang, Donghong ^a   Ding, Feng ^b   Tao, Xiaoming ^b   Chen, Wei ^a  

^a SUZHOU INSTITUTE OF NANO TECH AND NANO BIONICS   (China)

^b HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885137506     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep02771     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Gasteiger, H. A. & Markovic? N. M. Just a Dream-or Future Reality? Science 324, 48-49 (2009).
2. Gasteiger, H. A., Kocha, S. S., Sompalli, B. & Wagner, F. T. Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 56, 9-35 (2005).
3. Stoller, M. D., Park, S., Zhu, Y., An, J. & Ruoff, R. S. Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors. Nano Lett. 8, 3498-3502 (2008).
4. Balandin, A. A. et al. Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene. Nano Lett. 8, 902-907 (2008).
5. Lee, C.,Wei, X., Kysar, J. W. Hone, J. Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene. Science 321, 385-388 (2008). (Pubitemid 352029970)
6. Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004). (Pubitemid 39440910)
7. Wang, X. et al. N-Doping of Graphene Through Electrothermal Reactions with Ammonia. Science 324, 768-771 (2009).
8. Guo, B. et al. Controllable N-Doping of Graphene. Nano Lett. 10, 4975-4980 (2010).
9. Li, X. et al. Simultaneous Nitrogen Doping and Reduction of Graphene Oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15939-15944 (2009).
10. Panchakarla, L. S. et al. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Boron-and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene. Adv. Mater. 21, 4726-4730 (2009).
11. Martins, T. B.,Miwa, R. H., da Silva, A. J. R. & Fazzio, A. Electronic and Transport Properties of Boron-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 196803 (2007).
12. Gong, K., Du, F., Xia, Z., Durstock, M. & Dai, L. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction. Science 323, 760-764 (2009).
13. Li, Q., Zhang, S., Dai, L. & Li, L.-s. Nitrogen-Doped Colloidal Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Size-Dependent Electrocatalytic Activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 18932-18935 (2012).
14. Ai, K., Liu, Y., Ruan, C., Lu, L. & Lu, G. Sp2 C-Dominant N-Doped Carbon Submicrometer Spheres with a Tunable Size: A Versatile Platform for Highly Efficient Oxygen-Reduction Catalysts. Adv. Mate. 25, 998-1003 (2013).
15. Wang, H., Maiyalagan, T. & Wang, X. Review on Recent Progress in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications. ACS Catal. 2, 781-794 (2012).
16. Qu, L., Liu, Y., Baek, J.-B. & Dai, L. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as EfficientMetal-Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells. ACS Nano 4, 1321-1326 (2010).
17. Liang Yongye et al. Co3O4 nanocrystals on graphene as a synergistic catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Nat. Mater. 10, 780-786 (2011).
18. Lai, L. et al. Exploration of the active center structure of nitrogen-doped graphenebased catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Energ. Environ. Sci. 7936-7942 (2012).
19. Wei, D. et al. Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Electrical Properties. Nano Lett. 9, 1752-1758 (2009).
20. Zhang, C. et al. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Using Embedded Carbon and Nitrogen Sources. Adv. Mater. 23, 1020-1024 (2011).
21. Deng, D. et al. Toward N-Doped Graphene via Solvothermal Synthesis. Chem. Mater. 23, 1188-1193 (2011).
22. Wang, Y., Shao, Y.,Matson, D.W., Li, J. & Lin, Y. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene and Its Application in Electrochemical Biosensing. ACS Nano 4, 1790-1798 (2010).
23. Long, D. et al. Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Sheets by a Combined Chemical and Hydrothermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide. Langmuir 26, 16096-16102 (2010).
24. Liang, J. et al. Facile Oxygen Reduction on a Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Graphitic C3N4/Carbon Composite Electrocatalyst. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 3892-3896 (2012).
25. Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Wu, G. & Chen, W. Porous graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via direct polymerization of urea for efficient sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Nanoscale 4, 5300-5303 (2012).
26. Wang, Y., Shi, R., Lin, J. & Zhu, Y. Enhancement of photocurrent and photocatalytic activity of ZnO hybridized with graphite-like C3N4. Energ. Environ. Sci. 4, 2922-2929 (2011).
27. Liu, J., Zhang, T.,Wang, Z., Dawson, G. & Chen, W. Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 14398-14401 (2011).
28. Li, X.-H., Kurasch, S., Kaiser, U. Antonietti, M. Synthesis of Monolayer-Patched Graphene from Glucose. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 9689-9692 (2012).
29. Lin, Z., Waller, G., Liu, Y., Liu, M. & Wong, C.-P. Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene via Pyrolysis of Graphene Oxide and Urea, and its Electrocatalytic Activity toward the Oxygen-Reduction Reaction. Adv. Energ. Mater. 2, 884-888 (2012).
30. Lin, Z. et al. Facile preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 3381-3387 (2012).
31. Yang, W., Fellinger, T.-P. & Antonietti, M. Efficient Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Medium on High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbons Made from Ionic Liquids and Nucleobases. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 206-209 (2010).
32. Liu, R., Wu, D., Feng, X. & Mu?len, K. Nitrogen-Doped Ordered Mesoporous Graphitic Arrays with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 2565-2569 (2010).
33. Luo, Z. et al. Pyridinic N doped graphene: synthesis, electronic structure, and electrocatalytic property. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 8038-8044 (2011).
34. Popov, I., Bozhenko, K. & Boldyrev, A. Is graphene aromatic? Nano Res. 5, 117-123 (2012).
35. Webster, S. et al. Raman Characterization of Nitrogen Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 772, M7.8.1-M7.8.6 (2003).
36. Soin, N. et al. Enhanced and Stable Field Emission from in Situ Nitrogen-Doped Few-Layered Graphene Nanoflakes. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 5366-5372 (2011).
37. Zhang, L., Niu, J., Dai, L. & Xia, Z. Effect of Microstructure of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene on Oxygen Reduction Activity in Fuel Cells. Langmuir 28, 7542-7550 (2012).
38. Zhang, L. & Xia, Z. Mechanisms of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Fuel Cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 11170-11176 (2011).
39. Liang, J., Jiao, Y., Jaroniec, M. & Qiao, S. Z. Sulfur and Nitrogen Dual-Doped Mesoporous Graphene Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction with Synergistically Enhanced Performance. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 11496-11500 (2012).
40. Liu, J., Wang, Z., Liu, L. & Chen, W. Reduced graphene oxide as capturer of dyes and electrons during photocatalysis: surface wrapping and capture promoted efficiency. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 13216-13221 (2011).
41. Li, D., Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B. Wallace, G. G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 101-105 (2008). (Pubitemid 351225404)
42. Kresse, G. & Furthmu?ler, J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169-11186 (1996).
43. Blo?hl, P. E. Projector augmented-wave method. Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953-17979 (1994).
44. Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865-3868 (1996). (Pubitemid 126631804)