Conflicts in the distribution network protection in the presence of large photovoltaic plants: The case of ENDESA

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 669-688

  HernAndez, J C ^a   De La Cruz, J ^b   Vidal, P G ^a   Ogayar, B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JAÉN   (Spain)

^b Endesa SA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Distribution protection; Electrical distribution networks; Ferroresonance; Photovoltaic distributed generation; Power quality

Indexed keywords

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PROTECTION; DISTRIBUTION PROTECTION; EFFECTIVE PRACTICES; ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS; FERRORESONANCE; PHOTOVOLTAIC-DISTRIBUTED GENERATION; PROTECTION SYSTEMS; QUALITY REQUIREMENTS;

DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE;

POWER QUALITY;

EID: 84884903262     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20507038     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/etep.1623     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Geidl M. Protection of Power Systems with Distributed Generation-State of the Art. Power Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH): Zurich, 2005.
2. Conti S. Analysis of distribution network protection issues in presence of dispersed generation. Electric Power Systems Research 2009; 79(1): 49-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.05.002.
3. Papathanassiou SA. A technical evaluation framework for the connection of DG to the distribution network. Electric Power Systems Research 2007; 77: 24-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2006.01.009. (Pubitemid 44233191)
4. Hussain B, Sharkht SM, Abusara MA. Integration of distributed generation into the grid: protection challenges and solutions. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, Manchester, UK, 2010; 1-5.
5. Gonzalez C, Villafafila R, Ramirez R, Sudria A, Sumper A, Chindris M. Assess the impact of photovoltaic generation systems on low-voltage network: software analysis tool development. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, Barcelona, Spain, 2007; 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/EPQU. 2007.4424183.
6. Tumilty RM, Brucoli M, Burt GM, Green TC. Approaches to network protection for inverter dominated electrical distribution systems. Proceedings of 3rd IET International Conference on Power Electronics Machines and Drives, Nagasaki, Japan, 2006; 622-626.
7. Jennett KI, Booth CD. Protection of converter dense power systems. Proceedings of 45th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Cardiff, Wales, UK, 2010; 1-6.
8. Caamaño-Martín E, Laukamp H, Jantsch M, et al. Interaction between photovoltaic distributed generation and electricity networks. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2008; 16(7): 629-643. DOI: 10.1002/pip.845.
9. Dewadasa M, Ghosh A, Ledwich G. Line protection in inverter supplied networks. Proceedings of the Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2008; 1-6.
10. Conti S, Nicotra S. Procedures for fault location and isolation to solve protection selectivity problems in MV distribution networks with dispersed generation. Electric Power System Research Journal 2009; 79(1): 57-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.05.003.
11. Tumilty RM, Elders IM, Burt GM, McDonald JR. Coordinated protection, control & automation schemes for microgrids. International Journal of Distributed Energy Resources 2007; 3(3): 225-241.
12. Liserre M, Teodorescu R, Blaabjerg F. Stability of grid-connected PV inverters with large grid impedance variation. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (PESC) 2004; 4773-4779. DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2004.1354843.
13. Liserre M, Teodorescu R, Blaabjerg F. Stability of photovoltaic and wind turbine grid-connected inverters for a large set of grid impedance values. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2006; 21(1): 263-272. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.861185. (Pubitemid 46395396)
14. Agorreta JL, Borrega M, Lopez J, Marroyo L. Modeling and control of N-paralleled grid-connected inverters with lcl filter coupled due to grid impedance in PV plants. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2011; 26(3): 770-785. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2095429.
15. Enslin JHR, Hulshorst WTJ, Groeman JF, Atmadji AMS, Heskes PJM. Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network. KEMA/ECN Report 40210004TDC 02-29719A, Arnhem, The Netherlands, 2002.
16. Enslin JHR, Hulshorst WTJ, Atmadji AMS, et al. Harmonic interaction between large numbers of photovoltaic inverters and the distribution network. Proceedings of the IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference 2003; 3: 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2003.1304365.
17. Enslin JHR, Heskes PJM. Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2004; 19(6): 1586-1593. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL. 2004.836615.
18. Golovanov N, Lazaroiu GC, Roscia M, Zaninelli D. Steady state disturbance analysis in PV systems. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (PESC) 2004; 2: 1952-1958. DOI: 10.1109/PES.2004. 1373218.
19. Papathanassiou SA, Papadopoulos MP. Harmonic analysis in a power system with wind generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2006; 21(4):2006-2016. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.864063. (Pubitemid 44593587)
20. Benhabib MC, Myrzik JMA, Duarte JL. Harmonic effects caused by large scale PV installations in LV network. Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilization, Barcelona, Spain, 2007; 1-6.
21. Goh HS, Armstrong M, Zahawi B. The effect of grid operating conditions on the current controller performance of grid connected photovoltaic inverters. Proceedings of the13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, (EPE '09), 2009; 1-8.
22. Seymour E. Inverter-utility resonant stability in PV systems. Proceedings of the 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, (PVSC) 2010; 2: 2864-2868. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5615902.
23. De Sa JLP, Louro M. On human life risk-assessment and sensitive ground fault protection in MV distribution networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2010; 25(4): 2319-2327. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2053564.
24. Daqing Hou, Fischer N. Deterministic high-impedance fault detection and phase selection on ungrounded distribution systems. Proceedings of the Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference 2007; 1-10. DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292098.
25. SFZ00100 Standard. Criterio de diseño de subestaciones. ENDESA Distribución Utility, Spain, 2009 (in Spanish).
26. Real Decreto 1663/2000 sobre la conexión de instalaciones fotovoltaicas a la red de baja tensión, Ministerio de Economía, Spain, 2000 (in Spanish).
27. NI 46.07.00 Standard. Unidades de control y protección para líneas de MT. Iberdrola Distribución Utility, Spain, 2009 (in Spanish).
28. Celdas MT SSEE. Union Fenosa Distribución Utility, Spain, 2011 (in Spanish).
29. IEEE Standard C.37.230. Guide for protective relay applications to distribution lines, 2007.
30. DK 4452 Standard. Taratura dei dispositivi per la rete MT. Enel Corporation, Italy, 2004 (in Italian).
31. Carroll PT. Distribution line protection practices industry survey results, IEEE Power System Relaying Committee Report, 2002.
32. Papathanassiou S, Tsili M, Georgantzis G, Antonopoulos G. Enhanced earth fault detection on MV feeders using current unbalance protection. Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Vienna, 2007; 1-4.
33. Kojovic LA, Witte JF. Improved protection systems using symmetrical components. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, (IEEE/PES) 2001; 1: 47-52. DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2001.971207. (Pubitemid 34063952)
34. Karsenti L, Cabanac P. EDF's field experience on MV networks zero-sequence protection scheme. Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Vienna 2007; 1-4.
35. Curk J, Koncnik D. Improved protection scheme for selective high resistance earth fault clearing in Slovenian distribution networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electric Power Engineering, Budapest 1999; 256. DOI: 10.1109/PTC.1999.826688.
36. Strang WM, et al. Distribution line protection practices industry survey results. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1995; 10(1): 176-180. DOI: 10.1109/61.368400.
37. Ferracci P. Ferroresonance. Group Schneider: Cahier No. 190, 1998; 1-28.
38. Fuchs EF, Masoum MAS. Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines, Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2008.
39. Thompson JMT, Stewart HB. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: Geometrical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, Wiley: Chichester, West Sussex, 1986.
40. Gleick J. Chaos: Making a New Science, Viking Penguin: New York, 1987.
41. Boucherot P. Existence de deux regimes en ferro-resonance. Revue General d'Electricite, 1920; 827-828.
42. Val Escudero M, Dudurych I, Redfem M. Understanding ferroresonance. Proceedings of 39th International Conference on Universities Power Engineering 2004; 2: 1262-1266. (Pubitemid 43197196)
43. Moses P, Masoum M. Modeling subharmonic and chaotic ferroresonance with transformer core model including magnetic hysteresis effects. WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems 2009; 4(12): 361-371.
44. Wright IA, Morsztyn K. Subharmonic oscillations in power systems-theory and practice. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems 1970; PAS-89(8): 1805-1815. DOI: 10.1109/TPAS.1970.292765.
45. Vukelja PI, Naumov RM, Vucinic MM, Budisin PB. Experimental investigations of overvoltages in neutral isolated networks. IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 1993; 140(5): 343-350.
46. Kavasseri RG. Analysis of subharmonic oscillations in a ferroresonant circuit. Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2005; 28: 207-214. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2005.11.010.
47. Nishiwaki S, Nakamura T, Miyazaki Y. A special ferro-resonance phenomena on 3-phase 66 kV VT-generation of 20 Hz zero sequence continuous voltage. Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Systems Transients (IPST'07), Lyon, France, 2007; 1-6.
48. Marti JR, Soudack AC. Ferroresonance in power systems: fundamental solutions. IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 1991; 138(4): 321-329. (Pubitemid 21680639)
49. Shoup D, Paserba J, Mannarino A. Ferroresonance conditions associated with a 13 kV voltage regulator during back-feed conditions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Systems Transients (IPST'07), Lyon, France 2007; 1-6.
50. Pattanapakdee K, Banmongkol C. Failure of riser pole arrester due to station service transformer ferroresonance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Systems Transients (IPST'07), Lyon, France, 2007; 1-5.
51. Xu M, Lu J. Study on line-break ferro-resonance over-voltage of 35 kV power system and its suppression methods. International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application 2010; 460-462. DOI: 10.1109/ISDEA.2010.199.
52. Roy M, Roy CK. Experiments on ferroresonance at various line conditions and its damping. Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference 2008; 1-8. DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2008.4745305.
53. Moses PS, Masoum MAS, Toliyat HA. Impacts of hysteresis and magnetic couplings on the stability domain of ferroresonance in asymmetric three-phase three-leg transformers. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2011; 26(2): 581-592. DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2010.2088400.
54. Amar FB, Dhifaoui R. Study of the periodic ferroresonance in the electrical power networks by bifurcation diagrams. Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2011; 33: 61-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.08.003.
55. Wright IA. Three-phase subharmonic oscillations in symmetrical power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems 1971; PAS-90(3): 1295-1304. DOI: 10.1109/TPAS.1971.292931.
56. Stucken C, Monfils PA, Janssen N, Van Craenbroeck T, Van Dommelen D. Risk of ferroresonance in isolated neutral networks and remedies. Proceedings of 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution 1997; 1: 1-6. DOI: 10.1049/cp:19970458.
57. Van Craenenbroeck T, Michiels W, Van Dommelen D, Lust K. Bifurcation analysis of three-phase ferroresonant oscillations in ungrounded power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1999; 14(2): 531-536. DOI: 10.1109/61.754099.
58. Piasecki W, Florkowski M, Fulczyk M, Mahonen P, Nowak, W. Mitigating ferroresonance in voltage transformers in ungrounded MV networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2007; 22(4): 2362-2369. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007. 905383. (Pubitemid 47542809)
59. Kieny C. Application of the bifurcation theory in studying and understanding the global behavior of a ferroresonant electric power circuit. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1991; 6(2): 866-872. DOI: 10.1109/61.131146.
60. Chakravarthy SK, Nayar CV. Quasiperiodic oscillations in electrical power systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 1996; 18(8): 483-492. DOI: 10.1016/0142-0615(96)00008-7. (Pubitemid 126371337)
61. Chakravarthy SK. Identifying attractors in a ferroresonant circuit: a simulated perturbation approach. Electric Power Systems 1999; 52(2): 171-180. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7796(99)00017-6. (Pubitemid 30501599)
62. Kocis L. Ferroresonances during black starts-Criterion for feasibility of scenarios. Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Systems Transients (IPST'07), Lyon, France 2007; 1-5.
63. Peterson HA. Transients in Power Systems, Wiley: New York, 1951; 265-279.
64. Fortescue CL. Method of symmetrical coordinates applied to the solution of polyphase networks. Trans. AIEE 1918; 37: 1027-1140.
65. Henao H, Assaf T, Capolino GA. The discrete Fourier transform for computation of symmetrical components harmonics. Proceedings of the IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference 2003; 4: 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2003. 1304803.
66. Marei MI, El-Saadany EF, Salama MMA. A processing unit for symmetrical components and harmonics estimation based on a new adaptive linear combiner structure. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2004; 19(3): 1245-1252.
67. Chicco G, Postolache P, Toader C. Analysis of three-phase systems with neutral under distorted and unbalanced conditions in the symmetrical component-based framework. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2007; 22(1): 674-683. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.887095. (Pubitemid 46562712)
68. Balda JC, Oliva AR, McNabb DW, Richardson RD. Measurements of neutral currents and voltages on a distribution feeder. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1997; 12(4): 1799-1804. DOI: 10.1109/61.634208. (Pubitemid 127827675)
69. Desmet JJM, Sweertvaegher I, Vanalme G, Stockman K, Belmans RJM. Analysis of the neutral conductor current in a three-phase supplied network with nonlinear single-phase loads. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2003; 39(3): 587-593. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2003.810638.
70. Testa A, et al. Interharmonics: theory and modelling. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2007; 22(4): 2335-2348. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905505. (Pubitemid 47542807)
71. IEC Standard 61000-4-7. Electromagnetic compatibility, Part 4-7; Testing and measurement techniques-General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto, 2002.
72. IEEE Standard 1159. IEEE Recommended practice for monitoring electric power quality, 1995.
73. Chicco G, Schlabbach J, Spertino F. Experimental assessment of the waveform distortion in grid-connected photovoltaic installations. Solar Energy 2009; 83(7): 1026-1039. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2009.01.005.
74. Grob A. Measurement and Assessment of Harmonic Current Emission of PV Inverters, M.S. Thesis, University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, Germany, 2005.
75. Tentzerakis S, Paraskevopoulou N, Papathanassiou S, Papadopoulos P. Measurement of wind farm harmonic emissions. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (PESC), 2008; 1769-1775. DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2008.4592199.
76. Hernandez JC, Ortega MJ, De la Cruz J, Vera D. Guidelines for the technical assessment of harmonic, flicker and unbalance emission limits for PV-distributed generation. Electric Power Systems Research 2011; 81(7): 1247-1257. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2011.03.012.