A technical evaluation framework for the connection of DG to the distribution network

Electric Power Systems Research

Volumn 77, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 24-34

  Papathanassiou, Stavros A ^a  

^a NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS NTUA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Distributed generation (DG); Distribution networks; Flicker; Harmonics; Interconnection; Power quality; Protection; Voltage variations

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; FLICKERING;

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (DG); FLICKER; HARMONICS; INTERCONNECTION; POWER QUALITY; VOLTAGE VARIATIONS;

ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 33747198002     PISSN: 03787796     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2006.01.009     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. El-Khattam W., and Salama M.M.A. Distributed generation technologies, definitions and benefits. Electric Power Syst. Res. 71 (2004) 119-128
2. R.B. Alderfer, M.M. Eldridge, T.J. Starrs, Making Connections: Case Studies of Interconnection Barriers and their Impact on Distributed Power Projects, NREL Report SR-200-28053, July 2000.
3. CIGRE TF C6.04.01, Connection Criteria at the Distribution Network for Distributed Generation, Draft Version, October 2005.
4. IEEE Std. 1547, Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, 2003.
5. IEEE Std. 929, Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic Systems, 2000.
6. Recommendation for the Connection and Parallel Operation of Generating Facilities at the MV Network, VDEW, second ed., 1998 (in German).
7. Recommendation for the Parallel Operation of Generating Facilities at the LV Network of Electric Utilities, VDEW, third ed., 1991 (revised 1996) (in German).
8. Specifications for Connecting Wind Farms to the Transmission Network, ELTRA (Denmark), 2000 (available at http://www.eltra.dk).
9. Technical Requirements for the Connection of Independent Generation to the Grid, Public Power Corporation (PPC), Greece, 2004.
10. Woyte A., Belmans R., and Nijs J. Testing the islanding protection function of photovoltaic inverters. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 18 March (1) (2003) 157-162
11. W. Bower, M. Ropp, Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems, Report SAND2002-3591, Sandia National Laboratories, 2002.
12. Boutsika Th., Papathanassiou S., and Drossos N. Calculation of the fault level contribution of distributed generation according to IEC Standard 60909. Proceedings of CIGRE Symposium Power Systems with Dispersed Generation. Athens (April 2005)
13. IEC 61000-1-1, Part 1: General-Section 1: Application and Interpretation of Fundamental Definitions and Terms, 1992.
14. European Norm EN 50160, Voltage Characteristics of Electricity Supplied by Public Distribution Systems, CENELEC, 1999.
15. Hatziargyriou N., Karakatsanis T., and Papadopoulos M. Probabilistic load flow in distribution systems containing dispersed wind power generation. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 8 February (1) (1993)
16. Boulaxis N.G., Papathanassiou S.A., and Papadopoulos M.P. Wind turbine effect on the voltage profile of distribution networks. Renewable Energy 25 March (3) (2002) 401-415
17. IEC 868-0, Part 0: Evaluation of Flicker Severity, 1991.
18. IEC 868, Flickermeter. Functional Design and Specifications, 1986 (Amendment No. 1, 1990).
19. IEC 61000-4-15, Part 4: Testing and Measurement Techniques-Section 15: Flickermeter-Functional and Design Specifications, 1997.
20. IEC 61000-3-3, Part 3: Limits-Section 3: Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current ≤ 16 A, 1994.
21. IEC 61000-3-5, Part 3: Limits-Section 5: Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current Greater than 16 A, 1994.
22. IEC 61000-3-11, Part 3: Limits-Section 11: Limitation of Voltage Changes, Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low Voltage Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current <75 A and Subject to Conditional Connection, 2000.
23. IEC 61000-3-7, Part 3: Limits-Section 7: Assessment of Emission Limits for Fluctuating Loads in MV and HV Power Systems-Basic EMC Publication, 1996.
24. IEC 61400-21, Wind Turbine Generator Systems-Measurement and Assessment of Power Quality Characteristics of Grid Connected Wind Turbines, 2001.
25. U for DG Equipped with Synchronous Generators, Electric Power Syst. Res., in press.
26. Larsson A. Flicker emission of wind turbines during continuous operation. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 17 March (1) (2002) 114-118
27. Larsson A. Flicker emission of wind turbines caused by switching operations. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 17 March (1) (2002) 119-123
28. Thiringer T., Petru T., and Lundberg S. Flicker contribution from wind turbine installations. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 19 March (1) (2004) 157-163
29. Papathanassiou S.A., and Santjer F. Power quality measurements in an autonomous island grid with high wind penetration. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 21 1 (2006) 218-224
30. ANSI/IEEE Std. 519, Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems, 1992.
31. IEC 61000-3-2, Part 3: Limits-Section 2: Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase), 2000.
32. IEC 61000-3-4, Part 3: Limits-Section 4: Limitation of Emission of Harmonic Currents in Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current Greater than 16 A, 1998.
33. IEC 61000-3-6, Part 3: Limits-Section 6: Assessment of Emission Limits for Distorting Loads in MV and HV Power Systems, 1996.
34. IEC 61000-2-2, Part 2: Environment-Section 2: Compatibility Levels for Low-Frequency Conducted Disturbances and Signalling in Public Supply Systems, 1990.
35. S.A. Papathanassiou, M.P. Papadopoulos, Harmonic Analysis in a Power System with Wind Generation, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (paper TPWRD-00066-2005), in press.
36. IEC 725, Considerations on Reference Impedances for Use in Determining the Disturbance Characteristics of Household Appliances and Similar Electrical Equipment, 1981.
37. IEEE PES Power System Relaying Committee, Intertie Protection of Consumer-Owned Sources of Generation, 3 MVA or less (available at http://www.pes-psrc.org).
38. Papadopoulos M.P., Papathanassiou S.A., and Tentzerakis S.T. Operating Problems in Wind-Diesel Power Systems with Extended MV Networks, Proceedings of EUWEC'96. Goteborg, Sweden (May 1996)
39. Papathanassiou S.A., and Papadopoulos M.P. Mechanical stresses in fixed speed wind turbines due to network disturbances. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 16 December (4) (2001) 361-367
40. E.ON Netz GmbH, Supplementary Grid Connection Regulations for Wind Energy Converters, December 2001.
41. F. Santjer, R. Klosse, New Supplementary Regulations for Grid Connection by E.ON Netz GmbH, DEWI Magazin Nr. 22, February 2003, pp. 28-34.
42. Matevosyan J., Ackermann T., Bolik S., and Söder L. Comparison of international regulations for connection of wind turbines to the network. Proceedings of Nordic Wind Power Conference NWPC'04. Göteborg, Sweden (March 2004)
43. MICROGRIDS-Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids, EU Contract ENK5-CT-2002-00610, Technical Annex, May 2002 (also at http://microgrids.power.ece.ntua.gr).
44. Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS), White Paper on Integration of Distributed Energy Resources-The CERTS MicroGrid Concept, 2002 (available at http://certs.lbl.gov/).
45. Georgakis D., Papathanassiou S., Hatziargyriou N., Engler A., and Hardt C. Operation of a Prototype Microgrid System Based on Micro-Sources Equipped with Fast-Acting Power Electronics Interfaces, Proceedings of PESC'04. Aachen, Germany (June 2004)