Quantitative gradient of subsidies reveals a threshold in community-level trophic cascades

Ecology

Volumn 94, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1920-1926

  Klemmer, Amanda J ^a,b   Richardson, John S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Allochthonous material; Benthic; Cross ecosystem; Freshwater; Indirect effect; Lake; Nonlinear effects; Subsidy; Threshold; Top down processes; Trophic cascade

Indexed keywords

BENTHOS; FOOD WEB; LAKE ECOSYSTEM; NONLINEARITY; PREDATOR; SALMONID; THRESHOLD; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; TROPHIC CASCADE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; FOOD CHAIN; INVERTEBRATE; LAKE; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT LEAF; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREDATION; SMEGMAMORPHA; TROUT;

ANIMALS; FOOD CHAIN; INVERTEBRATES; LAKES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PLANT LEAVES; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; SMEGMAMORPHA; TROUT;

EID: 84884892106     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/12-1444.1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bartels, P., J. Cucherousset, K. Steger, P. Eklov, L. J. Tranvik, and H. Hillebrand. 2012. Reciprocal subsidies between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems structure consumer resource dynamics. Ecology 93:1173-1182.
2. Baxter, C. V., K. D. Fausch, and W. C. Saunders. 2005. Tangled webs: reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey link streams and riparian zones. Freshwater Biology 50:201-220. (Pubitemid 40210694)
3. Cannings, R. A., and K. M. Stuart, editors. 1977. The dragonflies of British Columbia. First edition. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
4. Cottingham, K. L., J. T. Lennon, and B. L. Brown. 2005. Knowing when to draw the line: designing more informative ecological experiments. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:145-152. (Pubitemid 40483333)
5. Greig, H. S., P. Kratina, P. L. Thompson, W. J. Palen, J. S. Richardson, and J. B. Shurin. 2012. Warming, eutrophication, and predator loss amplify subsidies between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Global Change Biology 18:504-514.
6. Halaj, J., and D. H. Wise. 2002. Impact of a detrital subsidy on trophic cascades in a terrestrial grazing food web. Ecology 83:3141-3151. (Pubitemid 36524689)
7. Henschel, J. R., D. Mahsberg, and H. Stumpf. 2001. Allochthonous aquatic insects increase predation and decrease herbivory in river shore food webs. Oikos 93:429-438. (Pubitemid 32635646)
8. Hoover, T. M., J. S. Richardson, and N. Yonemitsu. 2006. Flow-substrate interactions create and mediate leaf litter resource patches in streams. Freshwater Biology 51:435-447.
9. Huxel, G. R., and K. McCann. 1998. Food web stability: The influence of trophic flows across habitats. American Naturalist 152:460-469. (Pubitemid 28398081)
10. Klemmer, A. J., S. A. Wissinger, H. S. Greig, and M. L. Ostrofsky. 2012. Nonlinear effects of consumer density on multiple ecosystem processes. Journal of Animal Ecology 81: 770-780.
11. Knight, T. M., M. W. McCoy, J. M. Chase, K. A. McCoy, and R. D. Holt. 2005. Trophic cascades across ecosystems. Nature 437:880-883. (Pubitemid 41486762)
12. Kominoski, J. S., L. B. Marczak, and J. S. Richardson. 2011. Riparian forest composition affects stream litter decomposition despite similar microbial and invertebrate communities. Ecology 92:151-159.
13. Lecerf, A., and J. S. Richardson. 2010. Litter decomposition can detect effects of high and moderate levels of forest disturbance on stream condition. Forest Ecology and Management 259:2433-2443.
14. Leroux, S. J., and M. Loreau. 2008. Subsidy hypothesis and strength of trophic cascades across ecosystems. Ecology Letters 11:1147-1156.
15. Marczak, L. B., R. M. Thompson, and J. S. Richardson. 2007. Meta-analysis: trophic level, habitat, and productivity shape the food web effects of resource subsidies. Ecology 88:140-148. (Pubitemid 46596830)
16. McIntosh, A. R. 2002. Impact of introduced trout on Nesameletus mayfly populations measured using electrofishing. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 154:375-392. (Pubitemid 34824923)
17. McNeely, C., J. C. Finlay, and M. E. Power. 2007. Grazer traits, competition, and carbon sources to a headwaterstream food web. Ecology 88:391-401. (Pubitemid 46596801)
18. Merritt, R. W., K. W. Cummins, and M. B. Berg, editors. 2008. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Fourth edition. Kendall-Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa.
19. Minshall, G. W., R. C. Petersen, K. W. Cummins, T. L. Bott, J. R. Sedell, C. E. Cushing, and R. L. Vannote. 1983. Interbiome comparison of stream ecosystem dynamics. Ecological Monographs 53:1-25.
20. Nakano, S., H. Miyasaka, and N. Kuhara. 1999. Terrestrialaquatic linkages: riparian arthropod inputs alter trophic cascades in a stream food web. Ecology 80:2435-2441. (Pubitemid 29485613)
21. Nystrom, P., A. R. McIntosh, and M. J. Winterbourn. 2003. Top-down and bottom-up processes in grassland and forested streams. Oecologia 136:596-608. (Pubitemid 37110767)
22. Piovia-Scott, J., D. A. Spiller, and T. W. Schoener. 2011. Effects of experimental seaweed deposition on lizard and ant predation in an island food web. Science 331:461-463.
23. Polis, G. A., W. B. Anderson, and R. D. Holt. 1997. Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: The dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:289-316. (Pubitemid 28012294)
24. Polis, G. A., and S. D. Hurd. 1995. Extraordinarily high spider densities on islands: flow of energy from the marine to terrestrial food webs and the absence of predation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92:4382-4386.
25. Polis, G. A., and S. D. Hurd. 1996. Allochthonous input across habitats, subsidized consumers, and apparent trophic cascades: Examples from the ocean-land interface. Pages 275-285 in G. A. Polis and K. O. Winemiller, editors. Food webs: integration of pattern and dynamics. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
26. Polis, G. A., A. L. W. Sears, G. R. Huxel, D. R. Strong, and J. Maron. 2000. When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:473-475.
27. Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813-846.
28. R Development Core Team. 2011. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
29. Richardson, J. S. 1991. Seasonal food limitation of detritivores in a montane stream: an experimental test. Ecology 72:873-887.
30. Richardson, J. S., Y. X. Zhang, and L. B. Marczak. 2010. Resource subsidies across the land-freshwater interface and responses in recipient communities. River Research and Applications 26:55-66.
31. Sabo, J. L., and M. E. Power. 2002. River-watershed exchange: effects of riverine subsidies on riparian lizards and their terrestrial prey. Ecology 83:1860-1869. (Pubitemid 36524777)
32. Shurin, J. B., E. T. Borer, E. W. Seabloom, K. Anderson, C. A. Blanchette, B. Broitman, S. D. Cooper, and B. S. Halpern. 2002. A cross-ecosystem comparison of the strength of trophic cascades. Ecology Letters 5:785-791. (Pubitemid 35337321)
33. Solomon, C. T., S. R. Carpenter, J. J. Cole, and M. L. Pace. 2008. Support of benthic invertebrates by detrital resources and current autochthonous primary production: results from a whole-lake C-13 addition. Freshwater Biology 53:42-54. (Pubitemid 350256590)
34. Spiller, D. A., J. Piovia-Scott, A. N. Wright, L. H. Yang, G. Takimoto, T. W. Schoener, and T. Iwata. 2010. Marine subsidies have multiple effects on coastal food webs. Ecology 91:1424-1434.
35. Thorp, J. H., and A. P. Covich, editors. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
36. Wallace, J. B., S. L. Eggert, J. L. Meyer, and J. R. Webster. 1999. Effects of resource limitation on a detrital-based ecosystem. Ecological Monographs 69:409-442.
37. Wesner, J. S. 2010. Seasonal variation in the trophic structure of a spatial prey subsidy linking aquatic and terrestrial food webs: adult aquatic insects. Oikos 119:170-178.
38. Wiggins, G. B. 1996. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera). Second edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
39. Winterbourn, M. J. 1971. Life histories and trophic relationships of Trichoptera of Marion Lake, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 49:623-635.
40. Wipfli, M. S., and C. V. Baxter. 2010. Linking ecosystems, food webs, and fish production: subsidies in salmonid watersheds. Fisheries 35:373-387.
41. Yang, L. H., K. F. Edwards, J. E. Byrnes, J. L. Bastow, A. N. Wright, and K. O. Spence. 2010. A meta-analysis of resource pulse-consumer interactions. Ecological Monographs 80: 125-151.