메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 136-141

Dermal exposure associated with occupational end use of pesticides and the role of protective measures

Author keywords

agricultural workers' diseases; occupational exposure; pesticides; protective clothing; skin absorption

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL; HERBICIDE; INSECTICIDE; PESTICIDE; SUNSCREEN;

EID: 84884701129     PISSN: 20937911     EISSN: 20937997     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2013.07.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (126)

References (83)
  • 2
    • 0029060936 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of dermal exposure to chemicals
    • J.J. van Hemmen, and D.H. Brouwer Assessment of dermal exposure to chemicals Sci Total Environ 168 1995 131 141
    • (1995) Sci Total Environ , vol.168 , pp. 131-141
    • Van Hemmen, J.J.1    Brouwer, D.H.2
  • 4
  • 5
    • 2142657531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of chronic pesticide exposure: Cancer and neurotoxicity
    • M.C. Alavanja, J.A. Hoppin, and F. Kamel Health effects of chronic pesticide exposure: cancer and neurotoxicity Annu Rev Public Health 25 2004 155 197
    • (2004) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.25 , pp. 155-197
    • Alavanja, M.C.1    Hoppin, J.A.2    Kamel, F.3
  • 7
    • 34547492808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced skin absorption and fly toxicity of permethrin in emulsion formulation
    • W.G. Reifenrath Enhanced skin absorption and fly toxicity of permethrin in emulsion formulation Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 78 2007 299 303
    • (2007) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.78 , pp. 299-303
    • Reifenrath, W.G.1
  • 8
    • 79959728747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: A review of the evidence
    • K. Wirdefeldt, H.O. Adami, P. Cole, D. Trichopoulos, and J. Mandel Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: a review of the evidence Eur J Epidemiol 26 Suppl 1 2011 S1 58
    • (2011) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 1-58
    • Wirdefeldt, K.1    Adami, H.O.2    Cole, P.3    Trichopoulos, D.4    Mandel, J.5
  • 12
    • 0035316627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data on application frequency of pesticide for risk assessment purposes
    • H.L. van Drooge, C.N. Groeneveld, and H.J. Schipper Data on application frequency of pesticide for risk assessment purposes Ann Occup Hyg 45 Suppl 1 2001 S95 101
    • (2001) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 95-101
    • Van Drooge, H.L.1    Groeneveld, C.N.2    Schipper, H.J.3
  • 16
    • 0032588372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Florida
    • L.E. Fleming, J.A. Bean, M. Rudolph, and K. Hamilton Mortality in a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Florida Occup Environ Med 56 1999 14 21
    • (1999) Occup Environ Med , vol.56 , pp. 14-21
    • Fleming, L.E.1    Bean, J.A.2    Rudolph, M.3    Hamilton, K.4
  • 21
    • 68149148955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is farm-related job title an adequate surrogate for pesticide exposure in occupational cancer epidemiology?
    • E. MacFarlane, D. Glass, and L. Fritschi Is farm-related job title an adequate surrogate for pesticide exposure in occupational cancer epidemiology? Occup Environ Med 66 2009 497 501
    • (2009) Occup Environ Med , vol.66 , pp. 497-501
    • Macfarlane, E.1    Glass, D.2    Fritschi, L.3
  • 23
    • 0018634409 scopus 로고
    • Mortality of pesticide applicators
    • H.H. Wang, and B. MacMahon Mortality of pesticide applicators J Occup Med 21 1979 741 744
    • (1979) J Occup Med , vol.21 , pp. 741-744
    • Wang, H.H.1    Macmahon, B.2
  • 24
    • 73449109147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer incidence and mortality in a historical cohort of Australian pest control workers
    • E. MacFarlane, G. Benke, A. Del Monaco, and M.R. Sim Cancer incidence and mortality in a historical cohort of Australian pest control workers Occup Environ Med 66 2009 818 823
    • (2009) Occup Environ Med , vol.66 , pp. 818-823
    • Macfarlane, E.1    Benke, G.2    Del Monaco, A.3    Sim, M.R.4
  • 25
    • 0034985370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos in Australian pesticide workers
    • M. Cattani, K. Cena, J. Edwards, and D. Pisaniello Potential dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos in Australian pesticide workers Ann Occup Hyg 45 2001 299 308
    • (2001) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.45 , pp. 299-308
    • Cattani, M.1    Cena, K.2    Edwards, J.3    Pisaniello, D.4
  • 26
    • 77649315413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of death and incidence of cancer in a cohort of Australian pesticide-exposed workers
    • E. MacFarlane, G. Benke, A. Del Monaco, and M.R. Sim Causes of death and incidence of cancer in a cohort of Australian pesticide-exposed workers Ann Epidemiol 20 2010 273 280
    • (2010) Ann Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 273-280
    • Macfarlane, E.1    Benke, G.2    Del Monaco, A.3    Sim, M.R.4
  • 27
    • 0026080760 scopus 로고
    • A cohort mortality study of forestry workers exposed to phenoxy acid herbicides
    • L.M. Green A cohort mortality study of forestry workers exposed to phenoxy acid herbicides Br J Ind Med 48 1991 234 238
    • (1991) Br J Ind Med , vol.48 , pp. 234-238
    • Green, L.M.1
  • 28
    • 34548442408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide exposure among farm workers
    • C. Burns, W. Mahlburg, and J.P.J. Dutra Pesticide exposure among farm workers Environ Res 105 2007 285 288
    • (2007) Environ Res , vol.105 , pp. 285-288
    • Burns, C.1    Mahlburg, W.2    Dutra, J.P.J.3
  • 30
    • 0034921663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of a new method to estimate total daily dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators following multiple and varied exposures in occupational settings
    • S.A. Harris, P.N. Corey, A.M. Sass-Kortsak, and J.T. Purdham The development of a new method to estimate total daily dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators following multiple and varied exposures in occupational settings Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74 2001 345 358
    • (2001) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.74 , pp. 345-358
    • Harris, S.A.1    Corey, P.N.2    Sass-Kortsak, A.M.3    Purdham, J.T.4
  • 32
    • 24944487337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide exposures in professional turf applicators, job titles, and tasks performed: Implications of exposure measurement error for epidemiologic study design and interpretation of results
    • S.A. Harris, A.M. Sass-Kortsak, P.N. Corey, and J.T. Purdham Pesticide exposures in professional turf applicators, job titles, and tasks performed: implications of exposure measurement error for epidemiologic study design and interpretation of results Am J Ind Med 48 2005 205 216
    • (2005) Am J Ind Med , vol.48 , pp. 205-216
    • Harris, S.A.1    Sass-Kortsak, A.M.2    Corey, P.N.3    Purdham, J.T.4
  • 33
    • 0034771186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of cumulative exposure to organophosphate sheep dips in a study of chronic neurological health eVects among United Kingdom sheep dippers
    • D. Buchanan, A. Pilkington, C. Sewell, S. Tannahill, M. Kidd, B. Cherrie, and J. Hurley Estimation of cumulative exposure to organophosphate sheep dips in a study of chronic neurological health eVects among United Kingdom sheep dippers Occup Environ Med 58 2001 694 701
    • (2001) Occup Environ Med , vol.58 , pp. 694-701
    • Buchanan, D.1    Pilkington, A.2    Sewell, C.3    Tannahill, S.4    Kidd, M.5    Cherrie, B.6    Hurley, J.7
  • 37
    • 0035159125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the probability of pesticide exposures among migrant farmworkers: Results from a feasibility study
    • M.H. Ward, J.R. Prince, P.A. Stewart, and S.H. Zahm Determining the probability of pesticide exposures among migrant farmworkers: results from a feasibility study Am J Ind Med 40 2001 538 553
    • (2001) Am J Ind Med , vol.40 , pp. 538-553
    • Ward, M.H.1    Prince, J.R.2    Stewart, P.A.3    Zahm, S.H.4
  • 38
    • 33747426316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illnesses related to shank application of metam-sodium, Arvin, California, July 2002
    • M. O'Malley, T. Barry, M. Ibarra, M. Verder-Carlos, and L. Mehler Illnesses related to shank application of metam-sodium, Arvin, California, July 2002 J Agromed 10 2005 27 42
    • (2005) J Agromed , vol.10 , pp. 27-42
    • O'Malley, M.1    Barry, T.2    Ibarra, M.3    Verder-Carlos, M.4    Mehler, L.5
  • 39
    • 0035965949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral cholinesterase inhibition by occupational chlorpyrifos exposure in Australian termiticide applicators
    • S.S.M. Dyer, M.M. Cattani, D.D.L. Pisaniello, F.F.M. Williams, and J.J.W. Edwards Peripheral cholinesterase inhibition by occupational chlorpyrifos exposure in Australian termiticide applicators Toxicology 169 2001 177 185
    • (2001) Toxicology , vol.169 , pp. 177-185
    • Dyer, S.S.M.1    Cattani, M.M.2    Pisaniello, D.D.L.3    Williams, F.F.M.4    Edwards, J.J.W.5
  • 40
    • 0025886570 scopus 로고
    • Spray deposition patterns during simulated work activities by lawn care specialists
    • A.C. Slocum, and L.C. Shern Spray deposition patterns during simulated work activities by lawn care specialists J Environ Sci Health B 26 1991 259 278
    • (1991) J Environ Sci Health B , vol.26 , pp. 259-278
    • Slocum, A.C.1    Shern, L.C.2
  • 42
    • 84884701113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J.D. Johansen, P.J. Frosch, J.-P. Lepoittevin, Springer Berlin (Germany)
    • Liden C. Pesticides J.D. Johansen, P.J. Frosch, J.-P. Lepoittevin, Contact dermatitis 2010 Springer Berlin (Germany) 927 936
    • (2010) Contact Dermatitis , pp. 927-936
    • Pesticides, L.C.1
  • 44
    • 36649035777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization & the World Health Organization Geneva (Switzerland)
    • J. Kielhorn, S. Melching-Kollmuss, and I. Mangelsdorf Dermal Absorption 2006 United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization & the World Health Organization Geneva (Switzerland)
    • (2006) Dermal Absorption
    • Kielhorn, J.1    Melching-Kollmuss, S.2    Mangelsdorf, I.3
  • 45
    • 0021741862 scopus 로고
    • In vivo percutaneous absorption of paraquat from hand, leg, and forearm of humans
    • R.C. Wester, H.I. Maibach, D.A. Bucks, and M.B. Aufrere In vivo percutaneous absorption of paraquat from hand, leg, and forearm of humans J Toxicol Environ Health 14 1984 759 762
    • (1984) J Toxicol Environ Health , vol.14 , pp. 759-762
    • Wester, R.C.1    Maibach, H.I.2    Bucks, D.A.3    Aufrere, M.B.4
  • 46
    • 0033735770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing dermal absorption
    • T.S. Poet Assessing dermal absorption Toxicol Sci 58 2000 1 2
    • (2000) Toxicol Sci , vol.58 , pp. 1-2
    • Poet, T.S.1
  • 47
    • 33846615478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing health care worker behavior in relation to respiratory disease transmission with a novel training approach that uses biosimulation
    • R.M. Carrico, M.B. Coty, L.K. Goss, and A.S. Lajoie Changing health care worker behavior in relation to respiratory disease transmission with a novel training approach that uses biosimulation Am J Infect Control 35 2007 14 19
    • (2007) Am J Infect Control , vol.35 , pp. 14-19
    • Carrico, R.M.1    Coty, M.B.2    Goss, L.K.3    Lajoie, A.S.4
  • 48
    • 0031080685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small businesses and OH&S advisors
    • F. Lamm Small businesses and OH&S advisors Saf Sci 25 1997 153 161
    • (1997) Saf Sci , vol.25 , pp. 153-161
    • Lamm, F.1
  • 49
    • 79952904560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting respiratory health: What should be the constituents of an effective RPE programme?
    • R. Graveling, A. Sanchez-Jimenez, C. Lewis, and S. Groat Protecting respiratory health: what should be the constituents of an effective RPE programme? Ann Occup Hyg 55 2011 230 238
    • (2011) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.55 , pp. 230-238
    • Graveling, R.1    Sanchez-Jimenez, A.2    Lewis, C.3    Groat, S.4
  • 50
    • 0030713430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses
    • R.J.L. Heron Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses Occup Med 47 1997 407 410
    • (1997) Occup Med , vol.47 , pp. 407-410
    • Heron, R.J.L.1
  • 52
    • 0033256903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical equipment injuries in small manufacturing businesses. Knowledge, behavioural, and management issues
    • D. Gardner, J. Carlopio, P.N. Fonteyn, and J.A. Cross Mechanical equipment injuries in small manufacturing businesses. Knowledge, behavioural, and management issues Int J Occup Saf Ergon 5 1999 59 71
    • (1999) Int J Occup Saf Ergon , vol.5 , pp. 59-71
    • Gardner, D.1    Carlopio, J.2    Fonteyn, P.N.3    Cross, J.A.4
  • 53
    • 79955153293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of Pesticides used in Qat cultivation in Dhale' and Yafe' and their Adverse Effects
    • M.A. Al-Haj, N.A. Awadh, and A.A. Ali Survey of Pesticides used in Qat cultivation in Dhale' and Yafe' and their Adverse Effects J Nat Appl Sci 9 2005 103 110
    • (2005) J Nat Appl Sci , vol.9 , pp. 103-110
    • Al-Haj, M.A.1    Awadh, N.A.2    Ali, A.A.3
  • 54
    • 24944473915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical model of pesticide penetration through woven work clothing fabrics
    • S. Lee, and S.K. Obendorf Statistical model of pesticide penetration through woven work clothing fabrics Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 49 2005 266 273
    • (2005) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 266-273
    • Lee, S.1    Obendorf, S.K.2
  • 55
    • 0033970378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of pesticide safety knowledge with beliefs and intentions among farm pesticide applicators
    • M.J. Perry, A. Marbella, and P.M. Layde Association of pesticide safety knowledge with beliefs and intentions among farm pesticide applicators J Occup Environ Med 42 2000 187 193
    • (2000) J Occup Environ Med , vol.42 , pp. 187-193
    • Perry, M.J.1    Marbella, A.2    Layde, P.M.3
  • 56
    • 0026501274 scopus 로고
    • Indoor application of anti-cholinesterase agents and the influence of personal protection on uptake
    • G.H. Lander, and K. Hinke Indoor application of anti-cholinesterase agents and the influence of personal protection on uptake Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 22 1992 163 166
    • (1992) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 163-166
    • Lander, G.H.1    Hinke, K.2
  • 57
    • 0022656013 scopus 로고
    • Dicofol exposure to Florida citrus applicators: Effects of protective clothing
    • H.N. Nigg, J.H. Stamper, and R.M. Queen Dicofol exposure to Florida citrus applicators: effects of protective clothing Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 15 1986 121 134
    • (1986) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.15 , pp. 121-134
    • Nigg, H.N.1    Stamper, J.H.2    Queen, R.M.3
  • 59
    • 0023257979 scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to fosetyl-Al fungicide during spraying of ornamentals in greenhouses
    • R.A. Fenske, S.J. Hamburger, and C.L. Guyton Occupational exposure to fosetyl-Al fungicide during spraying of ornamentals in greenhouses Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 16 1987 615 621
    • (1987) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.16 , pp. 615-621
    • Fenske, R.A.1    Hamburger, S.J.2    Guyton, C.L.3
  • 62
    • 67349145045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operative modalities and exposure to pesticides during open field treatments among a group of agricultural subcontractors
    • M. Vitali, C. Protano, A. Del Monte, F. Ensabella, and M. Guidotti Operative modalities and exposure to pesticides during open field treatments among a group of agricultural subcontractors Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 57 2009 193 202
    • (2009) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.57 , pp. 193-202
    • Vitali, M.1    Protano, C.2    Del Monte, A.3    Ensabella, F.4    Guidotti, M.5
  • 63
    • 0036668849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescent tracer evaluation of chemical protective clothing during pesticide applications in central Florida citrus groves
    • R.A. Fenske, S.G. Birnbaum, M.M. Methner, C. Lu, and H.N. Nigg Fluorescent tracer evaluation of chemical protective clothing during pesticide applications in central Florida citrus groves J Agric Saf Health 8 2002 319 331
    • (2002) J Agric Saf Health , vol.8 , pp. 319-331
    • Fenske, R.A.1    Birnbaum, S.G.2    Methner, M.M.3    Lu, C.4    Nigg, H.N.5
  • 64
    • 0033997363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of interventions in reducing pesticide overexposure and poisonings
    • M.C. Keifer Effectiveness of interventions in reducing pesticide overexposure and poisonings Am J Prev Med 18 2000 80 89
    • (2000) Am J Prev Med , vol.18 , pp. 80-89
    • Keifer, M.C.1
  • 65
    • 35548990121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of single layer clothing penetration factors from the pesticide handlers exposure database
    • J. Driver, J. Ross, G. Mihlan, C. Lunchick, and B. Landenberger Derivation of single layer clothing penetration factors from the pesticide handlers exposure database Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 49 2007 125 137
    • (2007) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 125-137
    • Driver, J.1    Ross, J.2    Mihlan, G.3    Lunchick, C.4    Landenberger, B.5
  • 66
    • 0027491573 scopus 로고
    • Protection afforded greenhouse pesticide applicators by coveralls: A field test
    • H.N. Nigg, J.H. Stamper, E. Easter, and J.O. DeJonge Protection afforded greenhouse pesticide applicators by coveralls: a field test Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 25 1993 529 533
    • (1993) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 529-533
    • Nigg, H.N.1    Stamper, J.H.2    Easter, E.3    Dejonge, J.O.4
  • 68
    • 0038670522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of potential dermal and inhalation operator exposure to malathion in greenhouses with the whole body dosimetry method
    • K. Machera, M. Goumenou, E. Kapetanakis, A. Kalamarakis, and C.R. Glass Determination of potential dermal and inhalation operator exposure to malathion in greenhouses with the whole body dosimetry method Ann Occup Hyg 47 2003 61 70
    • (2003) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.47 , pp. 61-70
    • Machera, K.1    Goumenou, M.2    Kapetanakis, E.3    Kalamarakis, A.4    Glass, C.R.5
  • 69
    • 38949135922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training and other predictors of personal protective equipment use in Australian grain farmers using pesticides
    • E. MacFarlane, A. Chapman, G. Benke, J. Meaklim, M. Sim, and J. McNeil Training and other predictors of personal protective equipment use in Australian grain farmers using pesticides Occup Environ Med 65 2008 141 146
    • (2008) Occup Environ Med , vol.65 , pp. 141-146
    • Macfarlane, E.1    Chapman, A.2    Benke, G.3    Meaklim, J.4    Sim, M.5    McNeil, J.6
  • 72
    • 0034771255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological study of the relations between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and indices of chronic peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological abnormalities in sheep farmers and dippers
    • A. Pilkington, D. Buchanan, G.A. Jamal, R. Gillham, S. Hansen, M. Kidd, J. Hurley, and C. Soutar An epidemiological study of the relations between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and indices of chronic peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological abnormalities in sheep farmers and dippers Occup Environ Med 58 2001 702 710
    • (2001) Occup Environ Med , vol.58 , pp. 702-710
    • Pilkington, A.1    Buchanan, D.2    Jamal, G.A.3    Gillham, R.4    Hansen, S.5    Kidd, M.6    Hurley, J.7    Soutar, C.8
  • 74
    • 0036136096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with required pesticide-specific protective equipment use
    • M.J. Perry, A. Marbella, and P.M. Layde Compliance with required pesticide-specific protective equipment use Am J Ind Med 41 2002 70 73
    • (2002) Am J Ind Med , vol.41 , pp. 70-73
    • Perry, M.J.1    Marbella, A.2    Layde, P.M.3
  • 75
    • 37549032122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with pesticide safety practices in farmworkers
    • L.L. Strong, B. Thompson, T.D. Koepsell, and H. Meischke Factors associated with pesticide safety practices in farmworkers Am J Ind Med 51 2008 69 81
    • (2008) Am J Ind Med , vol.51 , pp. 69-81
    • Strong, L.L.1    Thompson, B.2    Koepsell, T.D.3    Meischke, H.4
  • 76
    • 34249894461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungicide application practices and personal protective equipment use among orchard farmers in the agricultural health study
    • C.J. Hines, J.A. Deddens, J. Coble, and M.C. Alavanja Fungicide application practices and personal protective equipment use among orchard farmers in the agricultural health study J Agric Saf Health 13 2007 205 223
    • (2007) J Agric Saf Health , vol.13 , pp. 205-223
    • Hines, C.J.1    Deddens, J.A.2    Coble, J.3    Alavanja, M.C.4
  • 77
    • 0028080292 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of safe behaviour in farmers when working with pesticides
    • G. Avory, and D. Coggon Determinants of safe behaviour in farmers when working with pesticides Occup Med (Lond) 44 1994 236 238
    • (1994) Occup Med (Lond) , vol.44 , pp. 236-238
    • Avory, G.1    Coggon, D.2
  • 78
    • 0026483149 scopus 로고
    • Leaving it up to the workers: Sociological perspective on the management of health and safety in small workplaces
    • J.M. Eakin Leaving it up to the workers: sociological perspective on the management of health and safety in small workplaces Int J Health Serv 22 1992 689 704
    • (1992) Int J Health Serv , vol.22 , pp. 689-704
    • Eakin, J.M.1
  • 79
    • 0032865406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse health experiences, environmental attitudes, and pesticide usage behavior of farm operators
    • E. Lichtenberg, and R. Zimmerman Adverse health experiences, environmental attitudes, and pesticide usage behavior of farm operators Risk Anal 19 1999 283 294
    • (1999) Risk Anal , vol.19 , pp. 283-294
    • Lichtenberg, E.1    Zimmerman, R.2
  • 80
    • 0037405434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farm pesticides: Outcomes of a randomized controlled intervention to reduce risks
    • M.J. Perry, and P.M. Layde Farm pesticides: outcomes of a randomized controlled intervention to reduce risks Am J Prev Med 24 2003 310 315
    • (2003) Am J Prev Med , vol.24 , pp. 310-315
    • Perry, M.J.1    Layde, P.M.2
  • 81
    • 0032938371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of personal protection, environmental hygiene and exposure to pesticides on the health of immigrant farm workers in a desert country
    • J. Gomes, O.L. Lloyd, and D.M. Revitt The influence of personal protection, environmental hygiene and exposure to pesticides on the health of immigrant farm workers in a desert country Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72 1999 40 45
    • (1999) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.72 , pp. 40-45
    • Gomes, J.1    Lloyd, O.L.2    Revitt, D.M.3
  • 82
    • 0027930642 scopus 로고
    • Iowa greenhouse applicators perceptions and use of personal protective equipment
    • J. Stone, S. Padgitt, W. Wintersteen, M. Shelley, and S. Chisholm Iowa greenhouse applicators perceptions and use of personal protective equipment J Environ Health 57 1994 16 22
    • (1994) J Environ Health , vol.57 , pp. 16-22
    • Stone, J.1    Padgitt, S.2    Wintersteen, W.3    Shelley, M.4    Chisholm, S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.