Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 41, Issue 7-8, 2013, Pages 2145-2164

  Lauderdale, Jonathan M ^a   Garabato, Alberto C Naveira ^b   Oliver, Kevin I C ^b   Follows, Michael J ^c   Williams, Richard G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Carbon Partitioning; Southern Hemisphere westerly winds; Southern Ocean residual circulation

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OVERTURN; PARTITIONING; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE; UPWELLING; WESTERLY; WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION;

DRAKE PASSAGE; SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 84884701055     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Anderson LA, Sarmiento JL (1994) Redfield ratios of remineralization determined by nutrient data analysis. Global Biogeochem Cycles 8: 65-80.
2. 2. Science 323: 1443-1448. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1167441.
3. 2 cycles? Rev Geophys 38: 159-189.
4. Böning CW, Dispert A, Visbeck M, Rintoul SR, Schwartzkopf FU (2008) The response of the Antarctic circmpolar current to recent climate change. Nat Geosci 1: 864-869. doi: 10. 1038/ngeo362.
5. 2 increase. Geophys Res Lett 5: 997-1000.
6. Broecker WS (1974) NO: a conservative water-mass tracer. Earth Planet Sci Lett 23: 100-107.
7. Chavaillaz Y, Codron F, Kageyama M (2012) Southern westerlies in lgm and future (rcp4. 5) climates. Clim Past Discuss 8(4): 3693-3717. doi: 10. 5194/cpd-8-3693-2012.
8. 2. Nature 277: 205-206.
9. Chikamoto MO, Matsumoto K, Ridgwell A (2008) Response of deep-sea caco3 sedimentation to atlantic meridional overturning circulation shutdown. J Geophys Res 113(G3): G03017. doi: 10. 1029/2007JG000669.
10. 2 sensitivity to the solubility pump: Role of the low-latitude ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 23(4): GB4020. doi: 10. 1029/2009GB003537.
11. Dong B, Valdes PJ (1998) Simulations of the last glacial maximum climates using a general circulation model: prescribed versus computed sea surface temperatures. Climate Dynam 14: 571-591.
12. 2 variations by the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. Geophys Res Lett 37(21): L21703. doi: 10. 1029/2010GL045261.
13. Dutkiewicz S, Follows MJ, Parekh P (2005) Interactions of the iron and phosphorus cycles: a three dimensional model study. Global Biogeochem Cycles 19: GB1021. doi: 10. 1029/2004GB002342.
14. Dutkiewicz S, Follows MJ, Heimbach P, Marshall J (2006) Controls on ocean productvity and air-sea carbon flux: an adjoint model sensitivity study. Geophys Res Lett 33: L02603. doi: 10. 1029/2005GL024987.
15. 2. Global Biogeochem Cycles 16(4): 1113. doi: 10. 1029/2001GB001786.
16. Follows MJ, Ito T, Dutkiewicz S (2006) On the solution of the carbonate chemistry system in ocean biogeochemistry models. Ocean Model 12: 290-301.
17. Fyfe JC, Saenko OA, Zickfeld K, Eby M, Weaver AJ (2007) The role of poleward-intensifying winds on Southern Ocean warming. J Climate 20: 5391-5400. doi: 10. 1175/2007JCLI1764. 1.
18. Gent PR, McWilliams J (1990) Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr 20: 150-155.
19. Gill AE, Bryan K (1971) Effects of geometry on the circulation of a three-dimensional southern-hemisphere ocean model. Deep-Sea Res 18: 685-721.
20. 2 fluxes based on ocean interior carbon measurements and models. Geophys Res Lett 30. doi: 10. 1029/2002GL015594.
21. 2 solubility as an equivalent carbon emission solubility as an equivalent carbon emission. Geophys Res Lett 36(15): L15609. doi: 10. 1029/2009GL039247.
22. 2 change. Global Biogeochem Cycles 25(3): GB3011. doi: 10. 1029/2010GB003888.
23. 2 in the oceans. Global Biogeochem Cycles 10(4): 809-837.
24. Hallberg R, Gnanadesikan A (2006) The role of eddies in determining the structure and response of the wind-driven southern hemisphere overturning: results from the modeling eddies in the Southern Ocean (MESO) project. J Phys Oceanogr 36: 2232-2252.
25. Huang RX, Wang W, Liu LL (2006) Decadal variability of wind-energy input to the world ocean. Deep-Sea Res II 53(1-2): 31-41. doi: 10. 1016/j. dsr2. 2005. 11. 001.
26. 2. J Mar Res 63: 813-839.
27. Ito T, Follows MJ, Boyle EA (2004a) Is AOU a good measure of respiration in the oceans? Geophys Res Lett 31: L17305. doi: 10. 1029/2004GL020900.
28. Ito T, Marshall J, Follows MJ (2004b) What controls the uptake of transient tracers in the Southern Ocean? Global Biogeochem Cycles 18: GB2021. doi: 10. 1029/2003GB002103.
29. Jiang S, Stone PH, Malanotte-Rizzoli P (1999) An assessment of the geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory ocean model with coarse resolution: annual-mean climatology. J Geophys Res 104: 25623-25645.
30. Jones DC, Ito T, Lovenduski NS (2011) The transient response of the southern ocean pycnocline to changing atmospheric winds. Geophys Res Lett 38(15): L15604. doi: 10. 1029/2011GL048145.
31. Karsten RH, Marshall J (2002) Constructing the residual circulation of the ACC from observations. J Phys Oceanogr (32): 3315-3327.
32. 2. Nature 412: 605-606.
33. 2: influence of the marine biota at high latitude. J Geophys Res 89(3): 4629-4637.
34. 2. In: Le Quéré C, Saltzman ES (eds) Surface ocean-lower atmosphere processes. Geophysical Monograph Series, vol 187. AGU, Washington, pp 251-286. doi: 10. 1029/2008GM000845.
35. 2 by ocean ventilation change: The effect of the oceanic storage of biogenic carbon. Global Biogeochem Cycles 25(3): GB3026. doi: 10. 1029/2011GB004059.
36. 2 change. PhD thesis, School of Ocean and Earth Science. University of Southampton, Southampton.
37. Lauderdale JM, Naveira Garabato AC, Oliver KIC, Thomas LN (2012) Climatic variations of the work done by the wind on the ocean's general circulation. J Geophys Res 117(C9): C09, 017. doi: 10. 1029/2012JC008135.
38. 2 sink due to recent climate change. Science 316: 1735-1738.
39. 2 sink due to recent climate change. Science 319: 570c. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1147315.
40. 2 uptake. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21: GB2016. doi: 10. 1029/2006GB002714.
41. Lovenduski NS, Gruber N (2005) Impact of the Southern annular mode on Southern Ocean circulation and biology. Geophys Res Lett 32: L11603. doi: 10. 1029/2005GL022727.
42. Mahowald NM, Muhs DR, Levis S, Rasch PJ, Yoshioka M, Zender CS, Luo C (2006) Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: last glacial period, preindustrial, modern and doubled carbon dioxide climates. J Geophys Res 111: D10202. doi: 10. 1029/2005JD006653.
43. Marinov I, Gnanadesikan A, Sarmiento JL, Toggweiler JR, Follows M, Mignone BK (2008) Impact of oceanic circulation on biological carbon storage in the ocean and atmospheric pco2. Global Biogeochem Cycles 22(3): GB3007. doi: 10. 1029/2007GB002958.
44. Marshall J, Radko T (2003) Residual mean solutions for the Antarctic circumpolar current and its associated overturning circulation. J Phys Oceanogr 33: 2341-2354.
45. Marshall J, Speer K (2012) Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through southern ocean upwelling. Nat Geosci 5(3): 171-180. doi: 10. 1038/ngeo1391.
46. Marshall J, Adcroft A, Hill C, Perelman L, Heisey C (1997) A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers. J Geophys Res 102(C3): 5753-5766.
47. McCulloch RD, Bentley MJ, Purves RS, Hulton NRJ, Sugden DE, Clapperton CM (2000) Climatic inferences from glacial and palaeoecological evidence at the last glacial termination, southern South America. J Quat Sci 15(4): 409-417.
48. 2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic. Global Biogeochem Cycles 18(2): GB2011. doi: 10. 1029/2003GB002179.
49. Menviel L, Timmerman A, Mouchet A, Timm O (2008) Climate and marine carbon response to changes in the strength of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies. Paleoceanography 33: PA4201. doi: 10. 1029/2008PA001604.
50. Meredith MP, Naveira Garabato AC, Hogg AM, Farneti R (2011) Sensitivity of the overturning circulation in the southern ocean to decadal changes in wind forcing. J Clim 25(1): 99-110. doi: 10. 1175/2011JCLI4204. 1.
51. 2 and the implied oceanic carbon transport. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21: GB1010. doi: 10. 1029/2006GB002751.
52. Moreno PI, Lowell TV, Jackobson Jr GL, Denton GH (1999) Abrupt vegetation and climate changes during the Last Glacial Maximum and last termination in the Chilean Lake District: a case study from Canal de la Puntilla (41°S). Geografiska Annaler Series A 81(2): 285-311.
53. Omta AW, Dutkiewicz S, Follows MJ (2011) Dependence of the ocean-atmosphere partitioning of carbon on temperature and alkalinity. Global Biogeochem Cycles 25(1): GB1003. doi: 10. 1029/2010GB003839.
54. Pahnke K, Zahn R (2005) Southern Hemisphere water mass conversion linked with North Atlantic climate varibility. Science 307: 1741-1746. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1102163.
55. Pahnke K, Goldstein SL, Hemming SR (2008) Abrupt changes in Antarctic intermediate water circulation over the past 25, 000 years. Nat Geosci 1: 870-874.
56. Parekh P, Follows MJ, Boyle EA (2005) Decoupling of iron and phosphate in the global ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 19: GB2020. doi: 10. 1029/2004GB002280.
57. Parekh P, Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Ito T (2006) Physical and biological regulation of the soft tissue carbon pump. Paleoceanography 21: PA3001. doi: 10. 1026/2005PA001258.
58. Peacock S, Lane E, Restrepo JM (2006) A possible sequence of events for the generalized glacial-interglacial cycle. Global Biogeochem Cycles 20: GB2010. doi: 10. 1029/2005GB002448.
59. Ridgwell A, Zeebe RE (2005) The role of the global carbonate cycle in the regulation and evolution of the earth system. Earth Planet Sci Lett 234(3-4): 299-315.
60. Rojas M, Moreno P, Kageyama M, Crucifix M, Hewitt C, Abe-Ouchi A, Ohgaito R, Brady E, Hope P (2009) The southern westerlies during the last glacial maximum in pmip2 simulations. Clim Dynam 32(4): 525-548. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-008-0421-7.
61. Russell JL, Dixon KW, Gnanadesikan A, Stouffer RJ, Toggweiler JR (2006) The Southern Hemisphere westerlies in a warming world: propping open the door to the deep ocean. J Clim 19: 6382-6390.
62. Russell JL, Stouffer RJ, Dixon KW (2006) Intercomparison of the southern ocean circulations in ipcc coupled model control simulations. J Clim 19(18): 4560-4575. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3869. 1.
63. 2 increase. Clim Dynam 25: 415-426.
64. 2. Nature 308: 621-624.
65. Shakespeare CJ, Hogg AM (2012) An analytical model of the response of the meridional overturning circulation to changes in wind and buoyancy forcing. J Phys Oceanogr 42(8): 1270-1287. doi: 10. 1175/JPO-D-11-0198. 1.
66. Shulmeister J, Goodwin I, Renwick J, Harle K, Armand L, McGlone MS, Cook E, Dodson J, Hesse PP, Mayewski P, Curran M (2004) The Southern Hemisphere westerlies in the Australasian sector over the last glacial cycle: a synthesis. Quat Int 118-119: 23-53. doi: 10. 1016/S1040-6182(03)00129-0.
67. 2 variations and ocean circulation. Nature 308: 624-626.
68. 2. Nature 412: 606.
69. 2 and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res II 49: 1601-1622.
70. 2 and climate change during the ice ages. Paleoceanography 21. doi: 10. 1029/2005PA001154.
71. Trenberth K, Olson J, Large W (1989) A global wind stress climatology based on ECMWF analyses. Technical report., NCAR/TN-338+STR, National Centre for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
72. Tschumi T, Joos F, Parekh P (2008) How important are the Southern Hemisphere wind changes for low glacial carbon dioxide? Paleoceanography 34: PA4208. doi: 10. 1029/2008PA001592.
73. Viebahn J, Eden C (2010) Towards the impact of eddies on the response of the southern ocean to climate change. Ocean Model 34: 150-165. doi: 10. 1016/j. ocemod. 2010. 05. 005.
74. Wanninkhof R (1992) Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J Geophys Res 97: 7373-7382.
75. Williams RG, Follows MJ (2011) Ocean dynamics and the carbon cycle: principals and mechanisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
76. Zickfeld K, Fyfe JC, Saenko OA, Eby M, Weaver AJ (2007) Response of the global carbon cycle to human-induced changes in Southern Hemisphere winds. Geophys Res Lett 34: L12712. doi: 10. 1029/2006GL028797.