Antimicrobial activity of alexidine alone and associated with N-acetylcysteine against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm

International Journal of Oral Science

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 146-149

  Silveira, Luiz Fernando Machado ^a   Baca, Pilar ^b   Arias Moliz, María Teresa ^b   Rodríguez Archilla, Alberto ^b   Ferrer Luque, Carmen María ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PELOTAS   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

Author keywords

alexidine; antimicrobial activity; biofilm; Enterococcus faecalis; N acetylcysteine

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALEXIDINE; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; BIOFILM; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; TOOTH PULP;

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BIGUANIDES; BIOFILMS; DENTAL PULP CAVITY; DRUG COMBINATIONS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; HUMANS;

EID: 84884550879     PISSN: 16742818     EISSN: 20493169     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.58     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965; 20: 340-349.
2. Høiby N, Ciofu O, Johansen HK et al. The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms. Int J Oral Sci 2011; 3(2): 55-65.
3. Ro c as IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Santos KR. Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J Endod 2004; 30(5): 315-320.
4. McHugh CP, Zhang P, Michalek S et al. pH required to kill Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. J Endod 2004; 30(4): 218-219.
5. Wang QQ, Zhang CF, Chu CH et al. Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4(1): 19-23.
6. Gomes BP, Pinheiro ET, Gade-Neto CR et al. Microbiological examination of infected dental root canals. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004; 19(2): 71-76.
7. Chen L, Wen YM. The role of bacterial biofilm in persistent infections and control strategies. Int J Oral Sci 2011; 3(2): 66-73.
8. Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. The properties and applications of chlorhexidine in endodontics. Int Endod J 2009; 42(4): 288-302.
9. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12(1): 147-179.
10. Kim HS, Woo Chang S, Baek SH et al. Antimicrobial effect of alexidine and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis infection. Int J Oral Sci 2013; 5(1): 26-31.
11. Kim HS, Zhu Q, Baek SH et al. Chemical interaction of alexidine and sodium hypochlorite. J Endod 2012; 38(1): 112-116.
12. Zhao T, Liu Y. N-acetylcysteine inhibit biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Microbiol 2010; 12: 140.
13. Perez-Giraldo C, Rodr?guez-Benito A, Moran F et al. Influence of N-acetylcysteine on the formation of biofilm by Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39(5): 643-646.
14. Sevier CS, Kaiser CA. Formation and transfer of disulphide bonds in living cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002; 3(11): 836-847.
15. Marchese A, Bozzolasco M, Gualco L et al. Effect of fosfomycin alone and in combination with N-acetylcysteine on E. coli biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 22(Suppl 2): 95-100.
16. Olofsson AC, Hermansson M, Elwing H. N-acetyl-L-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69(8): 4814-4822.
17. Del Prado G, Ruiz V, Naves P et al. Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and effects of human serum albumin, ibuprofen, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, amoxicillin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 67(4): 311-318.
18. Pinna A, Sechi LA, Zanetti S et al. Detection of virulence factors in a corneal isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ophthalmology 2005; 112(5): 883-887.
19. Aslam S, Darouiche RO. Role of antibiofilm-antimicrobial agents in controlling devicerelated infections. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34(9): 752-758.
20. Quah SY,Wu S, Lui JN et al.N-acetylcysteine inhibits growth and eradicates biofilm of Enterococus faecalis. J Endod 2012; 38(1): 81-85.
21. Arias-Moliz MT, Baca P, Ordón ez-Becerra S et al. Eradication of enterococci biofilms by lactic acid alone and combined with chlorhexidine and cetrimide. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17(5): e902-e906.
22. Ceri H, Olson ME, Stremick C et al. The calgary biofilm device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37(6): 1771-1776.
23. Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, Espigares-Garc?á M et al. Enterococcus faecalis biofilms eradication by root canal irrigants. J Endod 2009; 35(5): 711-714.
24. Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, Gonzá lez-Rodr?́guez MP et al. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms by cetrimide and chlorhexidine. J Endod 2010; 36(1): 87-90.
25. Robert OK. Design of experiments: statistical principles of research design and analysis. 2nd ed. Pacific Grove: Duxbury, 2000.
26. Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 2001; 358(9276): 135-138.
27. Eley BM. Antibacterial agents in the control of supragingival plaque-a review. Br Dent J 1999; 186(6): 286-296.
28. Yanai R, Ueda K, Nishida T et al. Effects of tonicity-adjusting and surfactant agents on the antimicrobial activity of alexidine. Eye Contact Lens 2011; 37(2): 57-60.
29. Chang DC, Grant GB, O'Donnell K et al. Multistate outbreak of Fusarium keratitis associated with use of a contact lens solution. JAMA 2006; 296(8): 953-963.
30. Patel A, Hammersmith K. Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: recent outbreaks. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2008; 19(4): 302-306.
31. Zorko M, Jerala R. Alexidine and chlorhexidine bind to lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid and prevent cell activation by antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62(4): 730-737.
32. Chavez de Paz LE. Redefining the persistent infection in root canals: possible role of biofilm communities. J Endod 2007; 33(6): 652-662.