Flower-visitor and pollen transport networks in a large city: Structure and properties

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 503-516

  Jędrzejewska Szmek, Krystyna ^a   Zych, Marcin ^a  

^a Botanic Garden of University of Warsaw   (Poland)

Author keywords

Flowering plants; Food web; Insects; Modularity; Mutualism; Pollen loads; Pollination; Warsaw

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; FLOWER VISITING; FOOD WEB; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; INSECT; MUTUALISM; PHENOTYPE; POLLEN; POLLINATION; POLLINATOR; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE;

MAZOWIECKIE; POLAND; WARSAW [MAZOWIECKIE];

ANIMALIA; DAUCUS CAROTA; DIPTERA; FABACEAE; HEXAPODA; HYMENOPTERA; MAGNOLIOPHYTA;

EID: 84884534973     PISSN: 18728855     EISSN: 18728847     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11829-013-9274-z     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Aizen MA, Sabatino M, Tylianakis JM (2012) Specialization and rarity predict nonrandom loss of interactions from mutualistic networks. Science 335: 1486-1489.
2. Alarcon R (2010) Congruence between visitation and pollen-transport networks in a California plant-pollinator community. Oikos 119: 35-44.
3. Atmar W, Patterson BD (1993) The measure of order and disorder in the distribution of species in fragmented habitat. Oecologia 96: 373-382.
4. Ba{ogonek}kowski M, Filipiak A, Fric Z (2010) Foraging behaviour and nectar use in adult large copper butterflies, Lycaena dispar (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomol Fenn 21: 49-57.
5. Banaszak-Cibicka W, Żmihorski M (2011) Wild bees along an urban gradient: winners and losers. J Insect Conserv 15: 331-343.
6. Bascompte J, Jordano P (2007) Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38: 567-593.
7. Bascompte J, Jordano P, Melian CJ, Olesen JM (2003) The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 9383-9387.
8. Bates AJ, Sadler JP, Fairbrass AJ, Falk SJ, Hale JD, Matthews TJ (2011) Changing bee and hoverfly pollinator assemblages along an urban-rural gradient. Plos One 6(8). doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0023459.
9. Beattie A, Hughes L (2002) Ant-plant interactions. In: Herrera CM, Pellmyr O (eds) Plant-animal interactions. An evolutionary approach. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 211-235.
10. Beil M, Horn H, Schwabe A (2008) Analysis of pollen loads in a wild bee community (Hymenoptera: Apidae)-a method for elucidating habitat use and foraging distances. Apidologie 39: 456-467.
11. Bergerot B, Fontaine B, Julliard R, Baguette M (2011) Landscape variables impact the structure and composition of butterfly assemblages along an urbanization gradient. Landsc Ecol 26: 83-94.
12. Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemuller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Schaffers AP, Potts SG, Kleukers R, Thomas CD, Settele J, Kunin WE (2006) Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313: 351-354.
13. Blüthgen N (2010) Why network analysis is often disconnected from community ecology: a critique and an ecologist's guide. Basic Appl Ecol 11: 185-195.
14. Blüthgen N, Menzel F, Blüthgen N (2006) Measuring specialization in species interaction networks. BMC Ecol 6: 9.
15. Blüthgen N, Menzel F, Hovestadt T, Fiala B, Blüthgen N (2007) Specialization, constraints, and conflicting interests in mutualistic networks. Curr Biol 17: 341-346.
16. Blüthgen N, Fründ J, Vázquez DP, Menzel F (2008) What do interaction network metrics tell us about specialization and biological traits? Ecology 89: 3387-3399.
17. Bogdanowicz W, Chudzicka E, Pilipiuk I, Skibińska E (eds) (2004) Fauna of Poland. Characteristics and checklist of species, vol I. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw.
18. Bogdanowicz W, Chudzicka E, Pilipiuk I, Skibińska E (eds) (2007) Fauna of Poland. Characteristics and checklist of species, vol II. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw.
19. Bosch J, Gonzalez AMM, Rodrigo A, Navarro D (2009) Plant-pollinator networks: adding the pollinator's perspective. Ecol Lett 12: 409-419.
20. Chacoff NP, Vázquez DP, Lomáscolo SB, Stevani EL, Dorado J, Padrón B (2012) Evaluating sampling completeness in a desert plant-pollinator network. J Anim Ecol 81: 190-200.
21. Czerwińska-Je{ogonek}drusiak B (2009) Ludność i powierzchnia Warszawy w latach 1921-2008. Urza{ogonek}d Statystyczny w Warszawie, Warszawa. http://www. stat. gov. pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_powierzchnia_Warszawy_1921_2008. pdf. Accessed 1 June 2012.
22. Dafni A, Kevan PG, Husband BC (2005) Practical pollination ecology. Enviroquest, Cambridge.
23. Dallimer M, Rouquette JR, Skinner AMJ, Armsworth PR, Maltby LM, Warren PH, Gaston KJ (2012) Contrasting patterns in species richness of birds, butterflies and plants along riparian corridors in an urban landscape. Divers Distrib 18: 742-753.
24. Devoto M, Bailey S, Memmott J (2011) The 'night shift': nocturnal pollen-transport networks in a boreal pine forest. Ecol Entomol 36: 25-35.
25. Dorado J, Vázquez DP, Stevani E, Chacoff NP (2011) Rareness and specialization in plant-pollinator networks. Ecology 92: 19-25.
26. Elle E, Elwell SL, Gielens GA (2012) The use of pollination networks in conservation. Botany 90: 525-534.
27. Ellis WN, Ellis-Adam AC (1993) To make a meadow it takes a clover and a bee: the entomophilous flora of NW Europe and its insects. Bijdrag Dierkunde 63: 193-220.
28. Ellis WN, Ellis-Adam AC (1995) Flower visitation, plants' life forms and ecological characteristics (Syrphidae: Parasitica). Proc Sect Exp Appl Entomol Neth Entomol Soc 6: 53-58.
29. Faegri K, Iversen J (1989) Textbook of pollen analysis. In: Faegri K, Kaland PE, Krzywinski K (eds), 4th edn. Wiley, Chichester.
30. Faeth SH, Bang C, Saari S (2011) Urban biodiversity: patterns and mechanisms. Ann NY Acad Sci 1223: 69-81.
31. Forup ML, Memmott J (2005) The restoration of plant-pollinator interactions in hay meadows. Restor Ecol 13: 265-274.
32. Forup ML, Henson KSE, Craze PG, Memmott J (2008) The restoration of ecological interactions: plant-pollinator networks on ancient and restored heathlands. J Appl Ecol 45: 742-752.
33. Fumero-Cabán JJ, Meléndez-Ackerman EJ (2007) Relative pollination effectiveness of floral visitors of Pitcairnia angustifolia (Bromeliaceae). Am J Bot 94: 419-424.
34. Gibson RH, Nelson IL, Hopkins GW, Hamlett BJ, Memmott J (2006) Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants: arable weeds as a case study. J Appl Ecol 43: 246-257.
35. Goddard MA, Dougill AJ, Benton TG (2010) Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 90-98.
36. Gotelli NJ, Graves GR (1996) Null models in ecology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
37. Goulson D, Hughes WOH, Derwent LC, Stout JC (2002) Colony growth of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, in improved and conventional agricultural and suburban habitats. Oecologia 130: 267-273.
38. Goulson D, Hanley ME, Darvill D, Ellis JS, Knight ME (2005) Causes of rarity in bumblebees. Biol Conserv 122: 1-8.
39. Goulson D, Lepais O, O'Connor S, Osborne JL, Sanderson RA, Cussans J, Goffe L, Darvill B (2010) Effects of land use at a landscape scale on bumblebee nest density and survival. J Appl Ecol 47: 1207-1215.
40. Grimm NB, Faeth SH, Golubiewski NE, Redman CL, Wu JG, Bai XM, Briggs JM (2008) Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319: 756-760.
41. Guimaraes PR, Guimaraes P (2006) Improving the analyses of nestedness for large sets of matrices. Environ Model Softw 21: 1512-1513.
42. Guimerà R, Sales-Pardo M, Amaral LAN (2007) Module identification in bipartite and directed networks. Phys Rev E 76: 036102.
43. Hanley ME, Franco M, Pichon S, Darvill B, Goulson D (2008) Breeding system, pollinator choice and variation in pollen quality in British herbaceous plants. Funct Ecol 22: 592-598.
44. Hennig E, Ghazoul J (2012) Pollinating animals in the urban environment. Urb Ecosyst 15: 149-166.
45. Hobbs RJ, Arico S, Aronson J, Baron JS, Bridgewater P, Cramer VA, Epstein PR, Ewel JJ, Klink KA, Lugo AE, Norton D, Ojima D, Richardson DM, Sanderson EW, Valladares F, Vilà M, Zamora R, Zobel M (2006) Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 15: 1-7.
46. Johnson SD, Steiner KE (2000) Generalization versus specialization in plant pollination systems. Trends Ecol Evol 15: 140-143.
47. Jordano P, Bascompte J, Olesen JM (2003) Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant-animal interactions. Ecol Lett 6: 69-81.
48. Jordano P, Bascompte J, Olesen JM (2006) The ecological consequences of complex topology and nested structure in pollination web. In: Waser NM, Ollerton J (eds) Plant-pollinator interactions. From specialization to generalization. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 173-199.
49. Junker R, Blüthgen N, Brehm T, Binkenstein J, Paulus J, Schaefer HM, Stang M (2013) Specialization on traits as basis for the niche-breadth of flower visitors and as structuring mechanisms of ecological networks. Funct Ecol 27: 329-341.
50. Kearns CA, Inouye DW, Waser NM (1998) Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 29: 83-112.
51. Koperski P (2010) Urban environments as habitats for rare aquatic species: the case of leeches (Euhirudinea, Clitellata) in Warsaw freshwaters. Limnologica 40: 233-240.
52. Kowalczyk JK, Szczepko K, Kurzac T, Pawlikowski T (2004) Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of the botanical garden in Łódź. In: Indykiewicz P, Barczak T (eds) Fauna miast Europy Środkowej 21. wieku. LOGO, Bydgoszcz, pp 67-82.
53. Kowarik I (2011) Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. Environ Pollut 159: 1974-1983.
54. Matteson KC, Ascher JS, Langellotto GA (2008) Bee richness and abundance in New York city urban gardens. Ann Entomol Soc Am 101: 140-150.
55. Matuszkiewicz W (2001) Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski. Vademecum Geobotanicum. PWN, Warszawa.
56. Mayer C, Adler L, Armbruster WS, Dafni A, Eardley C, Huang S-Q, Kevan PG, Ollerton J, Packer L, Ssymank A, Stout JC, Potts SG (2011) Pollination ecology in the 21st century: key questions for future research. J Poll Ecol 3: 8.
57. Memmott J (1999) The structure of a plant-pollinator food web. Ecol Lett 2: 276-280.
58. Mulieri PR, Patitucci LD, Schnack JA, Marilius JC (2011) Diversity and seasonal dynamics of an assemblage of sarcophagid Diptera in a gradient of urbanization. J Insect Sci 11: 1-15.
59. Nielsen A, Bascompte J (2007) Ecological networks, nestedness and sampling effort. J Ecol 95: 1134-1141.
60. Niemirski R, Zych M (2011) Fly pollination of dichogamous Angelica sylvestris (Apiaceae): how (functionally) specialized can a (morphologically) generalized plant be? Plant Syst Evol 294: 147-158.
61. Olesen JM, Bascompte J, Dupont YL, Jordano P (2007a) The modularity of pollination networks. P Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19891-19896.
62. Olesen JM, Dupont YL, Ehlers BK, Hansen DM (2007b) The openness of a flower and its number of flower-visitor species. Taxon 56: 729-738.
63. Olesen JM, Dupont YL, O'Gorman EJ, Ings TC, Layer K, Melian CJ, Trojelsgaard K, Pichler DE, Rasmussen C, Woodward G (2010) From Broadstone to Zackenberg: space, time and hierarchies in ecological networks. Adv Ecol Res 42: 1-69.
64. Olesen JM, Dupont YL, Hagen M, Rasmussen C, Trojelsgaard K (2012) Structure and dynamics of pollination networks: the past, present, and future. In: Patiny S (ed) Evolution of plant-pollinator relationships. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 374-391.
65. Ollerton J (1996) Reconciling ecological processes with phylogenetic patterns: the apparent paradox of plant-pollinator systems. J Ecol 84: 767-769.
66. Ollerton J, Killick A, Lamborn E, Watts S, Whiston M (2007) Multiple meanings and modes: on the many ways to be a generalist flower. Taxon 56: 717-728.
67. Ollerton J, Winfree R, Tarrant S (2011) How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120: 321-326.
68. Pawlikowski T (1996) Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski. Cze{ogonek}ść XXIV. Błonkówki-Hymenoptera. Zeszyt 68 h Pszczołowate-Apidae, podrodzina Apinae. Turpress, Toruń.
69. Pellmyr O (2002) Pollination by animals. In: Herrera CM, Pellmyr O (eds) Plant-animal interactions. An evolutionary approach. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 157-184.
70. Petanidou T, Kallimanis AS, Tzanopoulos J, Sgardelis SP, Pantis JD (2008) Long-term observations of a pollination network: fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization. Ecol Lett 11: 1-12.
71. Popic TJ, Wardle GM, Davila YC (2013) Flower-visitor networks only partially predict the function of pollen transport by bees. Austral Ecol 38: 76-86.
72. Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 345-353.
73. Proctor M, Yeo P, Lack A (1996) The natural history of pollination. Harper Collins, London.
74. Proulx SR, Promislow DEL, Phillips PC (2005) Network thinking in ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 20: 345-353.
75. Puterbaugh MN (1998) The roles of ants as flower visitors: experimental analysis in three alpine plant species. Oikos 83: 36-46.
76. Roulston TH, Cane JH, Buchmann SL (2000) What governs protein content of pollen: pollinator preferences, pollen-pistil interactions, or phylogeny? Ecol Monogr 70: 617-643.
77. Samnegard U, Persson AS, Smith HG (2011) Gardens benefit bees and enhance pollination in intensively managed farmland. Biol Conserv 144: 2602-2606.
78. Schemske DW, Horvitz CC (1984) Variation among floral visitors in pollination ability: a precondition for mutualism specialization. Science 225: 519-521.
79. Seto KC, Fragkias M, Guneralp B, Reilly MK (2011) A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. Plos One 6(8): e23777.
80. Soga M, Koike S (2013) Mapping the potential extinction debt of butterflies in a modern city: implications for conservation priorities in urban landscapes. Animal Conserv 16: 1-11.
81. Stang M, Klinkhamer PGL, van der Meijden E (2006) Size constraints and flower abundance determine the number of interactions in a plant-flower visitor web. Oikos 112: 111-121.
82. Talley TS, Fleishman E, Holyoak M, Murphy DD, Ballard A (2007) Rethinking a rare-species conservation strategy in an urban landscape: the case of the valley elderberry longhorn beetle. Biol Conserv 135: 21-32.
83. Tonietto R, Fant J, Ascher J, Ellis K, Larkin D (2011) A comparison of bee communities of Chicago green roofs, parks and preries. Landsc Urb Plan 103: 102-108.
84. Tylianakis JM, Laliberte E, Nielsen A, Bascompte J (2010) Conservation of species interaction networks. Biol Conserv 143: 2270-2279.
85. Ulrich W (2009) Ecological interaction networks: prospects and pitfalls. Ecol Quest 11: 17-25.
86. Vamosi JC, Knight TM, Steets JA, Mazer SJ, Burd M, Ashman TL (2006) Pollination decays in biodiversity hotspots. P Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 956-961.
87. Vazquez DP, Blüthgen N, Cagnolo L, Chacoff NP (2009) Uniting pattern and process in plant-animal mutualistic networks: a review. Ann Bot 103: 1445-1457.
88. Watts S, Ovalle DH, Herrera MM, Ollerton J (2012) Pollinator effectiveness of native and non-native flower visitors to an apparently generalist Andean shrub, Duranta mandonii (Verbenaceae). Plant Species Biol 27: 147-158.
89. Williams NM, Crone EE, Roulston TH, Minckley RL, Packer L, Potts SG (2010) Ecological and life-history traits predict bee species responses to environmental disturbances. Biol Conserv 143: 2280-2291.
90. Willmer P (2011) Pollination and floral ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
91. Wojcik V (2011) Resource abundance and distribution drive bee visitation within developing tropical urban landscapes. J Poll Ecol 4: 48.
92. Zych M (2004) Biologia zapylania baldaszkowatych (Apiaceae)-stare mity i nowe perspektywy. Wiad Bot 48: 7-15.
93. Zych M (2007) On flower visitors and true pollinators: the case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae). Plant Syst Evol 263: 159-179.
94. Zych M, Jakubiec A (2008) Pollination of the Polish red list plants: a preliminary statistical survey. Acta Agrobot 61: 85-90.
95. Zych M, Niemczyk P, Niemirski R (2007) Umbellifers as potential keystone species in restoration projects. Acta Agrobot 60: 45-49.
96. Zych M, Goldstein J, Roguz K, Stpiczyńska M (2013) The most effective pollinator revisited: pollen dynamics in a spring flowering plant. Arthropod Plant Interact 7: 315-322.