Urban infrastructure dynamics: Market regulation and the shaping of district energy in UK cities

Environment and Planning A

Volumn 45, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 2194-2211

  Bolton, Ronan ^a   Foxon, Timothy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Climate change; District energy; Energy regulation; Sociotechnical transitions; Urban infrastructure

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPETITION (ECONOMICS); ELECTRICITY SUPPLY; ENERGY POLICY; INFRASTRUCTURE; MARKET SYSTEM; URBAN DEVELOPMENT;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84884480234     PISSN: 0308518X     EISSN: 14723409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1068/a45575     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Arup, 2011, "Decentralised energy masterplanning- A manual for local authorities, " Ove Arup & Partners Ltd, London
2. Averch H, Leland L J, 1962, "Behavior of the firm under regulatory constraint" The American Economic Review 52 1052-1069
3. Black J, 2010, "The role of risk in regulatory processes, " in The Oxford Handbook of Regulation Eds R C Baldwin, M Cave, M Lodge (Oxford University Press, New York) pp 302-348
4. Bolton R, 2011, Socio-technical Transitions and Infrastructure Networks: The Cases of Electricity and Heat Distribution in the UK PhD thesis, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds
5. Bolton R, Foxon T, 2011, "Governing infrastructure networks for a low carbon economy: co-evolution of technologies and institutions in UK electricity distribution networks" Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 12 2-26
6. Bulkeley H, Castan-Broto V, Hodson M, Marvin S, 2011a, "Introductory chapter, " in Cities and Low Carbon Transitions Eds H Bulkeley, V Castan-Broto, M Hodson, S Marvin (Routledge, New York) pp 1-10
7. Bulkeley H, Castan-Broto V, Maassen A, 2011b, "Governing urban low carbon transitions, " in Cities and Low Carbon Transitions Eds H Bulkeley, V Castan-Broto, M Hodson, S Marvin (Routledge, New York) pp 29-41
8. Climate Change Act, 2008, Public General Acts-Elizabeth II chapter 27 (The Stationery Office, London)
9. Coutard O, 1999, "Introduction: the evolving forms of governance of large technical systems, " in The Governance of Large Technical Systems Ed. O Coutard (Routledge, London) pp 1-16
10. Coutard O, Rutherford J, 2011, "The rise of post-networked cities in Europe? Recombining infrastructural, ecological and urban transformations in low carbon transitions, " in Cities and Low Carbon Transitions Eds H Bulkeley, V Castan-Broto, M Hodson, S Marvin (Routledge, New York) pp 107-125
11. DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change, London 2009 Heat and Energy Saving Strategy Consultation, 2010, Consultation on the Provision of Third Party Access to Licence Exempt Electricity and Gas Networks
12. DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change, London 2012, "The future of heating: a strategic framework for low carbon heat in the UK"
13. Demsetz H, 1968, "Why regulate utilities?" Journal of Law and Economics 11 55-65
14. DTI, 2004, Class Exemption Order: Explanatory Memorandum Department of Trade and Industry, London, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/1776/pdfs/uksiem_20041776_en.pdf
15. Finger M, Groenewegen J, Künneke R, 2005, "The quest for coherence between institutions and technologies in infrastructures" Journal Of Network Industries 6 227-259
16. Fontenergy, 2008, "Citiworks ruling and implications for UK development, " briefing note, Fontenergy Consultants, London, http://www.fontenergy.com/nrgeverywhere/wp-content/files_mf/1275659581081020legislativereviewCitiworks.pdf
17. Fontenergy, 2009, "License 'light'-is this the change DE has been waiting for?, " Fontenergy Consultants, London, http://www.fontenergy.com/nrgeverywhere/wp-content/files_mf/1282906323License_light.pdf
18. Foxon T, 2011, "A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a sustainable low carbon economy" Ecological Economics 70 2258-2267
19. Foxon T J, Hammond G P, Pearson P J G, 2010, "Developing transition pathways for a low carbon electricity system in the UK" Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77 1203-1213
20. Geels F W, 2002, "Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study" Research Policy 31 1257-1274
21. Geels F W, 2004, "From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory" Research Policy 33 897-920
22. Geels F W, 2012, "A socio-technical analysis of low-carbon transitions: introducing the multi-level perspective into transport studies" Journal of Transport Geography 24 471-482
23. Geels F W, Schot J, 2007, "Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways" Research Policy 36 399-417
24. Glachant J-M, 2009, "Creating institutional arrangements that make markets work: the case of retail markets in the electricity sector, " in The Governance of Network Industries Eds R Kunneke, J Groenewegen, J-F Auger (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Glos) pp 46-61
25. Graham S, Marvin S, 2001, Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition (Routledge, New York)
26. Green R, 2010, "Are the British electricity trading and transmission arrangements future-proof?" Utilities Policy 18 186-194
27. Hall J W, Henriques J J, Hickford A J, Nicholls R J, 2012, "A fast track analysis of strategies for infrastructure provision in Great Britain, " technical report, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford
28. Helm D, 2004, Energy, the State, and the Market: British Energy Policy Since 1979 (Oxford University Press, Oxford)
29. HM Government, 2001, "The Electricity (Class Exemptions from the Requirement for a Licence) Order 2001, " explanatory memorandum, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/1776/pdfs/uksiem_20041776_en.pdf
30. Hodson M, Marvin S, 2010, "Can cities shape socio-technical transitions and how would we know if they were?" Research Policy 39 477-485
31. Hodson M, Marvin S, 2011, World Cities and Climate Change: Producing Urban Ecological Security (Open University Press, Buckingham)
32. Hood C, Rothstein H, Baldwin R, 2001, The Government of Risk: Understanding Risk Regulation Regimes (Oxford University Press, Oxford)
33. Hughes T, 1983, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930 (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD)
34. IEA, 2008, "Denmark-answer to a burning platform: CHP/DHC, " International Energy Agency, Paris
35. Jamasb T, Pollitt M, 2007, "Incentive regulation of electricity distribution networks: lessons of experience from Britain" Energy Policy 35 6163-6187
36. Kelly S, Pollitt M, 2010, "An assessment of the present and future opportunities for combined heat and power with district heating (CHP-DH) in the United Kingdom" Energy Policy 38 6936-6945
37. Kemp R, Schot J, Hoogma R, 1998, "Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: the approach of strategic niche management" Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 10 175-198
38. Lawhon M, Murphy J T, 2011, "Socio-technical regimes and sustainability transitions: insights from political ecology" Progress in Human Geography 36 354-378
39. Loorbach D, Frantzeskaki N, Thissen W, 2010, "Introduction to the special section: infrastructures and transitions" Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77 1195-1202
40. Majone G, 1994, "The rise of the regulatory state in Europe" West European Politics 17 77-101
41. Medd W, Marvin S, 2008, "Making water work: intermediating between regional strategy and local practice" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 26 280-299
42. Mitchell C, 2008, The Political Economy of Sustainable Energy (Palgrave Macmillan, New York)
43. Monstadt J, 2009, "Conceptualizing the political ecology of urban infrastructures: insights from technology and urban studies" Environment and Planning A 41 1924-1942
44. Moss T, 2009, "Intermediaries and the governance of sociotechnical networks in transition" Environment and Planning A 41 1480-1495
45. Nye M, Whitmarsh L, Foxon T, 2009, "Socio-phsycological perspectives in the active roles of domestic actors in transition to a lower carbon electricity system" Environment and Planning A 42 697-714
46. Ofgem, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, London 2001, "Embedded generation: price controls, incentives and connection charging: a preliminary consultation document"
47. Ofgem, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, London 2007a, "Distributed energy-initial proposals for more flexible market and licensing arrangements"
48. Ofgem, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, London 2007b, "Distributed energy-initial proposals for more flexible market and licensing arrangements. Appendices, " http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/Networks/ElecDist/Policy/DistGen/Documents1/DE%20con%20 doc%20-%20supplementary%20appendices.pdf
49. Ofgem, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, London 2008, "Distributed energy-further proposals for more flexible market and licensing arrangements"
50. Ofgem, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, London 2009a, Electricity Distribution Structure of Charges: The Common Distribution Charging Methodology at Lower Voltages
51. Ofgem, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, London 2009b, "Distributed energy-final proposals and statutory notice for electricity supply licence modification"
52. Posner R A, 1969, "Natural monopoly and its regulation" Stanford Law Review 21 548-643
53. PÖYRY, 2009, "The potential and costs of district heating networks, " PÖYRY Consultants, London
54. Roberts S, 2008, "Infrastucture challenges for the built environment" Energy Policy 36 4563-4567
55. Russell S, 1986, The Political Shaping of Energy Technology: Combined Heat and Power in Britain PhD thesis, Technology Policy Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Aston, Birmingham
56. Russell S, 1993, "Writing energy history: explaining the neglect of CHP/DH in Britain" The British Journal for the History of Science 26 33-54
57. Rutledge I, 2010, "UK energy policy and market fundamentalism: a historical overview, " in UK Energy Policy and the End of Market Fundamentalism Eds I Rutledge, P Wright (Oxford University Press, Oxford) pp 1-38
58. Scott C, 2004, "Regulation in the age of governance: the rise of the post regulatory state, " in The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and regulatory Reforms for the Age of Governance Eds J Jordana, D Levi-Faur (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Glos) pp 145-174
59. SDC, 2007, "Lost in transmission? The role of Ofgem in a changing climate, " Sustainable Development Commission, London
60. Smith A, Stirling A, Berkhout F, 2005, "The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions" Research Policy 34 1491-1510
61. Stenzel T, Frenzel A, 2008, "Regulating technological change: the strategic reactions of utility companies towards subsidy policies in the German, Spanish and UK electricity markets" Energy Policy 36 2645-2657
62. Stigler G, 1971, "The theory of economic regulation" Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2 3-21
63. Summerton J, 1994, "Introductory essay: the systems approach to technological change, " in Changing Large Technical Systems Ed. J Summerton (Westview Press, Boulder, CO) pp 1-21
64. Toke D, Fragaki A, 2008, "Do liberalised electricity markets help or hinder CHP and district heating? The case of the UK" Energy Policy 36 1448-1456
65. Unruh G C, 2000, "Understanding carbon lock-in" Energy Policy 28 817-830
66. Verbong G P J, Geels F W, 2010, "Exploring sustainability transitions in the electricity sector with socio-technical pathways" Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77 1214-1221
67. Verbong G, Geels F W, Raven R, 2008, "Multi-niche analysis of dynamics and policies in Dutch renewable energy innovation journeys (1970-2006): hype-cycles, closed networks and technology-focused learning" Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 20 555-573
68. Voß J-P, 2007, Designs on Governance: Development of Policy Instruments and Dynamics in Governance PhD thesis, School of Management and Science, University of Twente
69. Voß J-P, Bauknecht D, 2008, "Network regulation, " in Innovation for Sustainable Electricity Systems Eds D B B Praetorius, M Cames, C Fischer, M Pehnt, K Schumacher, J-P Voß (Springer, London) pp 191-221
70. Yeung K, 2010, "The regulatory state, " in The Oxford Handbook of Regulation Eds R Baldwin, M Cave, M Lodge (Oxford University Press, Oxford) pp 64-86