Statins and cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 61, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1449-1455

  Steenland, Kyle ^a   Zhao, Liping ^a   Goldstein, Felicia C ^b   Levey, Allan I ^b  

^a Association of Schools of Public Health   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

cognitive decline; statins

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; DEMENTIA; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANAGER; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; SEX DIFFERENCE; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

COGNITIVE DECLINE; STATINS;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ATTENTION; COGNITION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MALE; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 84884280294     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12414     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Rojas-Fernandez CH, Cameron JC,. Is statin-associated cognitive impairment clinically relevant? A narrative review and clinical recommendations. Ann Pharmacother 2012; 46: 549-557.
2. Sabbagh MN, Sparks DL,. Statins to treat Alzheimer's disease: An incomplete story. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12: 27-30.
3. van Vliet P,. Cholesterol and late-life cognitive decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30: S147-S162.
4. Bettermann K, Arnold AM, Williamson J, et al. Statins, risk of dementia, and cognitive function: Secondary analysis of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 21: 436-444.
5. Beydoun MA, Beason-Held LL, Kitner-Triolo MH, et al. Statins and serum cholesterol's associations with incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 65: 949-957.
6. Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80: 13-17.
7. Cramer C, Haan MN, Galea S, et al. Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study. Neurology 2008; 71: 344-350.
8. Rockwood K, Kirkland S, Hogan DB, et al. Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 223-227.
9. Li G, Shofer JB, Rhew IC, et al. Age-varying association between statin use and incident Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58: 1311-1317.
10. Sparks DL, Kryscio RJ, Sabbagh MN, et al. Reduced risk of incident AD with elective statin use in a clinical trial cohort. Curr Alzheimer Res 2008; 5: 416-421.
11. Wolozin B, Wang SW, Li NC, et al. Simvastatin is associated with a reduced incidence of dementia and Parkinson's disease. BMC Med 2007; 5: 20. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-5-20.
12. Solomon A, Sippola R, Soininen H, et al. Lipid-lowering treatment is related to decreased risk of dementia: A population-based study (FINRISK). Neurodegener Dis 2010; 7: 180-182.
13. Szwast SJ, Hendrie HC, Lane KA, et al. Association of statin use with cognitive decline in elderly African Americans. Neurology 2007; 69: 1873-1880.
14. Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Barberger-Gateau P, et al. Lipid lowering agents, cognitive decline, and dementia: The Three-City Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30: 629-637.
15. Zandi PP, Sparks DL, Khachaturian AS, et al. Cache County Study investigators. Do statins reduce risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer disease? The Cache County Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 217-224.
16. Masse I, Bordet R, Deplanque D, et al. Lipid lowering agents are associated with a slower cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 1624-1629.
17. Rosenberg PB, Mielke MM, Tschanz J, et al. Effects of cardiovascular medications on rate of functional decline in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 16: 883-892.
18. Sano M, Bell KL, Galasko D, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77: 556-563.
19. Feldman HH, Doody RS, Kivipelto M, et al. Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe. Neurology 2010; 74: 956-964.
20. Bernick C, Katz R, Smith NL, et al. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Statins and cognitive function in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 2005; 65: 1388-1394.
21. Yaffe K, Barrett-Connor E, Lin F, et al. Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 378-384.
22. Trompet S, van Vliet P, de Craen AJ, et al. Pravastatin and cognitive function in the elderly. Results of the PROSPER study. J Neurol 2010; 257: 85-90.
23. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. PROSPER study group. PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623-1630.
24. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 2004; 363: 757-767.
25. Benito-Leõn J, Louis ED, Vega S, et al. Statins and cognitive functioning in the elderly: A population-based study. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 21: 95-102.
26. Safety Alerts Cite Cholesterol Drugs' Side Effects. New York Times, February 28, 2012. [on-line]. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/ health/fda-warns-of-cholesterol-drugs-side-effects.html?-r=0 Accessed June 18, 2013.
27. Beekly DL, Ramos EM, Lee WW, et al. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database: The Uniform Data Set. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2007; 21: 249-258.
28. Weintraub S, Salmon D, Mercaldo N, et al. The Alzheimer's Disease Centers' Uniform Data Set (UDS): The neuropsychologic test battery. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2009; 23: 91-101.
29. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 270-279.
30. Morris JC,. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology 1993; 43: 2412-2414.
31. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR,. 'Mini-mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-198.
32. Wechsler D,. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1981.
33. US Army. Army Individual Test Battery. Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General's Office, 1944.
34. Kaplan E, Goodglass H, Weintraub S,. Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger, 1983.
35. Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O,. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
36. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y,. Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Royal Statist Soc B (Methodological) 1995; 57: 289-300.
37. McGuinness B, O'Hare J, Craig D, et al. Cochrane review on 'Statins for the treatment of dementia'. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 28: 119-126.
38. Pac-Soo C, Lloyd DG, Vizcaychipi MP, et al. Statins: The role in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 27: 1-10.
39. Jeger R, Dieterle T,. Statins: Have we found the Holy Grail? Swiss Med Wkly 2012; 142: w13515.