Infusing ethical considerations in knowledge management scholarship: Toward a research agenda

Journal of the Association for Information Systems

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 452-481

  Chatterjee, Sutirtha ^a   Sarker, Suprateek ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethics; Knowledge management; Research agenda

Indexed keywords

PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS;

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS; ETHICAL ISSUES; ETHICAL THEORIES; KNOWLEDGE CREATIONS; MANAGEMENT RESEARCH; RESEARCH AGENDA; RESEARCH QUESTIONS; SCHOLARLY WORKS; STORAGE AND ACCESS;

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84884265102     PISSN: 15583457     EISSN: 15369323     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00339     Document Type: Article

References (170)

1. ACM. (1992). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Retrieved August 8, 2013, from http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics.
2. Aganda, J. (1999). Inner-city gatekeepers: An exploratory survey of their information use environment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(1), 74-85.
3. Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. E. (2001). Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1), 107-136.
4. Alter, S. (2006). Goals and tactics on the dark side of knowledge management. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 7, 114a-114a7.
5. Aristotle. (1985). Nicomachean ethics (Trans. Terence Irwin). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co.
6. Ayer, A. J. (1936) Language, truth and logic. London: Gollancz.
7. Baron, M., Pettit, P., & Slote, M. (1997). Three methods of ethics: A debate. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
8. Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2008). Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(9), 1493-1512.
9. Baskerville, R., & Dulipovici, A. (2006). The ethics of knowledge transfers and conversions: Property or privacy rights? Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 7, 144b.
10. Bennett, R., & Gabriel, H. (1999). Organisational factors and knowledge management within large marketing departments: An empirical study. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(3), 212-225.
11. Bentham, J. (1789/1970). An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. New York, NY: Methuen.
12. Bishop, J. D. (2000). A framework for discussing normative theories of business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(3), 563-591.
13. Bock, G.-W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. -G., & Lee, J.-N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS Quarterly, 29(1), 87-111.
14. Brady, F. N. (1986). Aesthetic components of management ethics. The Academy of Management Review, 11(2), 337-344.
15. Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134.
16. Bryant, A. (2006) Knowledge management: The ethics of the agora or the mechanisms of the market? Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 7, 144c-144c 7.
17. Bryant, A., Land, F., & King, J. L. (2009). Editors' introduction. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 10(11), 782-786.
18. Buller, D. B., & Burgoon, J. K. (1996). Interpersonal deception theory. Communication theory, 6(3), 203-242.
19. Butler, J. K., & Cantrell, R. S. (1984). A behavioral decision theory approach to modeling dyadic trust in superiors and subordinates. Psychoiogical Reports, 55, 19-28.
20. Capurro, R. (2006). Towards an ontological foundation of information ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 8(4), 175-186.
21. Carlson, J. R., & George, J. F. (2004). Media appropriateness in the conduct and discovery of deceptive communication: The relative influence of richness and synchronicity. Group Decision and Negotiation, 13(2), 191-210.
22. Castelfranchi, C. (2004). Trust mediation in knowledge management and sharing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2995, 304-318.
23. Caza, A., Barker, B. A., & Cameron, K. S. (2004). Ethics and ethos: The buffering and amplifying effects of ethical behavior and virtuousness. Journal of Business Ethics, 52(2), 169-178.
24. Chae, B., Paradice, D., Courtney, J. F., & Cagle, C. J. (2005). Incorporating an ethical perspective into problem formulation: Implications for decision support systems design. Decision Support Systems, 40(2), 197-212.
25. Chatterjee, S. (2007) Ethical behavior in technology mediated communication. In M. Quigley (Ed.), Encyclopedia of information ethics and security. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference.
26. Chatterjee, S., Sarker, S., & Fuller, M. (2009a). A deontological approach to designing ethical collaboration. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 10(3), 138-169.
27. Chatterjee, S., Sarker, S., & Fuller, M. (2009b). Ethical information systems development: A Baumanian postmodernist perspective. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 10(11), 787-815.
28. Chisholm, R. M. (1956). Epistemic statements and the ethics of belief. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 16(4), 447-460.
29. Chun, R. (2005). Ethical character and virtue of organizations: An empirical assessment and strategic implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(3), 269-284.
30. Churchman, C. W. (1971). The design of inquiring systems: Basic concepts of systems and organization. New York, NY: Basic Books.
31. Coleman, K. G. (2001). Android arete: Toward a virtue ethic for computational agents. Ethics and Information Technology, 3(4), 247-265.
32. Collier, J. (1998). Theorising the ethical organization. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(4), 621-654.
33. Courtney, J. F. (2001). Decision making and knowledge management in inquiring organizations: Toward a new decision-making paradigm for DSS. Decision Support Systems, 31, 17-38.
34. Cullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Victor, B. (2003). The effects of ethical climates on organizational commitment: A two-study analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(2), 127-141.
35. Culnan, M. J., & Williams, C. C. (2009). How ethics can enhance organizational privacy: Lessons from the Choicepoint And TJX data breaches. MIS Quarterly, 33(4), 673-687.
36. Cutrell, E., Dumais, S. T., & Teevan, J. (2006). Searching to eliminate personal information management. Commununications of the ACM, 49(1), 58-64.
37. Darke, P. R., & Ritchie, R. J. B. (2007). The defensive consumer: Advertising deception, defensive processing, and distrust. Journal of Marketing Research, 44(1), 114-127.
38. Datta, P., & Chatterjee, S. (2008). The economics and psychology of consumer trust in intermediaries in electronic markets: The EM-Trust Framework. European Journal of Information Systems, 17(1), 12-28.
39. Davidson, D. (1986) A coherence theory of truth and knowledge. In E. Lepore (Ed.), Truth and interpretation. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
40. De Cremer, D., Mayer, D. M., & Schminke, M. (2010). Guest editor's introduction: On understanding ethical behavior and decision making: A behavioral ethics approach. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20, 1-6.
41. De George, R. T. (2000). Business ethics and the challenge of the information age. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 63-72.
42. Dennis, A. R., Fuller, R. M., & Valacich, J. S. (2008). Media, tasks, and communication processes: A theory of media synchronicity. MIS Quarterly, 32(3), 575-600.
43. Donaldson, T. (1982). Corporations and morality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
44. Donaldson, T., & Werhane, P. (Eds.). (1999). Ethical issues in business: A philosophical approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
45. Dulipovici, A., & Baskerville, R. (2007). Conflicts between privacy and property: The discourse in personal and organizational knowledge. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(2), 187-213.
46. Dutton, J., Glynn, M. A., & Spreitzer, G. (2006). Positive organizational scholarship. In J. Greenhaus and G. Callahan (Eds.), Encyclopedia of career development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
47. Dutton, J. E., Roberts, L. M., & Bednar, J. (2010). Pathways for positive identity construction at work: Four types of positive identity and the building of social resources. Academy of Management Review, 35(2), 285-293.
48. Ess, C. (2006). Ethical pluralism and global information ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 8(4), 215-226.
49. Ess, C., & Thorseth, M. (2008). Kant and information ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 10(4), 205-211.
50. Etzioni, A. (1990) The moral dimension: Toward a new economics: New York: Simon and Schuster.
51. Fineman, S. (2006). On being positive: Concerns and counterpoints. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 270-291.
52. Floridi, L. (1999). Information ethics: On the philosophical foundation of computer ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 1(1), 33-52.
53. Floridi, L. (2002). On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 287-304.
54. Floridi, L. (2005). Is semantic information meaningful data? Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 70(2), 351-370.
55. Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H. (2003). Human values, ethics, and design. In J. A. Jacko and A. Sears (Eds.), The human-computer interaction handbook (pp. 1177-1201). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
56. Friedman, B., Kahn, P. H., & Boring, A. (2006). Value sensitive design and information systems. In P. Zhang and D. Galletta (Ed.), Human-computer interaction in management information systems: Foundations. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
57. Frize, M., Yang, L., Walker, R. C., & O'Connor, A. M. (2005). Conceptual framework of knowledge management for ethical decision-making support in neonatal intensive care. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 9(2), 205-215.
58. Garavelli, A. C., Gorgoglione, M., & Scozzi, B. (2002). Managing knowledge transfer by knowledge technologies. Technovation, 22(5), 269-279.
59. Gilligan, C. (1990). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Boston: Harvard University Press.
60. Goodin, R. E. (1995). Utilitarianism as a public philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
61. Habermas, J. (1990). Moral consciousness and communicative action. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
62. Harman, G. (1999). Moral philosophy meets social psychology: Virtue ethics and the fundamental attribution error. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (99) 315-331.
63. Harris, H. (2001). Content analysis of secondary data: A study of courage in managerial decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 34(3/4), 191-208.
64. Hartman, E. M. (1998). The role of character in business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3), 547-559.
65. Hasnas, J. (1998). The normative theories of business ethics: A guide for the perplexed. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(1), 19-42.
66. Hirschheim, R., & Klein, H. K. (1989). Four paradigms of information systems development. Commununications of the ACM,32(10), 1199-1216.
67. Hirschheim, R., & Newman, M. (1991). Symbolism and information systems development: Myth, metaphor and magic. Information Systems Research, 2(1), 29-62.
68. Holsapple, C. W., & Joshi, K. D. (2000). An investigation of factors that influence the management of knowledge in organizations. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9(2-3), 235-261.
69. Holsapple, C. W., & Joshi, K. D. (2004). A formal knowledge management ontology: Conduct, activities, resources, and influences. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(7), 593-612.
70. Holsheimer, M. (1999). Data mining by business users:Integrating data mining in business processes. Conference on Knowledge Discovery in Data: Tutorial notes of the fifth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining.
71. Hongladarom, S. (2008). Floridi and Spinoza on global information ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 10(2), 175-187.
72. Hubbard, G., Samuel, D., & Cocks, G. (2002). The first XI: Winning organizations in Australia. Brisbane: Wiley.
73. Hursthouse, R. (1999) On virtue ethics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
74. Igbaria, M., Parasuraman, S., & Badawy, M. K. (1994). work experiences, job involvement, and quality of work life among information systems personnel. MIS Quarterly, 18(2), 175-201.
75. Ingwersen, P., & Jarvelin, K. (2005). Information retrieval in context: IRiX. SIGIR Forum, 39(2), 31-39.
76. Introna, L. (2005). Disclosive ethics and information technology: Disclosing facial recognition systems. Ethics and Information Technology, 7(2), 75-86.
77. Jacobsen, R. (1996). Wittgenstein on self-knowledge and self-expression. The Philosophical Quarterly, 46(182), 12-30.
78. Järvelin, K., & Ingwersen, P. (2004). Information seeking research needs extension toward tasks and technology. Information Research, 10(1).
79. Jones, T. M. (1995). Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics and economics. The Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 404-437.
80. Kankanhalli, A., Tan, B. C. Y., & Kwok-Kee, W. (2005). Understanding seeking from electronic knowledge repositories: An empirical study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 56(11), 1156-1166.
81. Kant, I. (1804/1994). Ethical philosophy: Grounding for the metaphysics of morals (Trans. James W. Ellington). Indianapolis: Hackett.
82. Klobas, J. E., & McGill, T. (1995). Identification of technological gatekeepers in the information technology profession. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 46(8), 581-589.
83. Kornblith, H. (1983). Justified belief and epistemically responsible action. The Philosophical Review, 92(1), 33-48.
84. Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person- supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342.
85. LaFollette, H. (Ed.). (2007). Ethics in practice. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
86. Land, F., Nolas, S.-M., & Amjad, U. (2007). Knowledge management: The darker side of KM. Ethicomp journal, 3(1).
87. Lee, F., Caza, A., Edmondson, A., & Thomke, S. (2003). New knowledge creation in organizations. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, and R. E. Quinn (Ed.), Positive organizational scholarship (pp. 194-206). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
88. Lee, H., & Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: An integrative view and empirical examination. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 179-228.
89. Leonard-Burton, D. (1995). Wellsprings of knowledge: Building and sustaining the sources of innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
90. Levit, M. (1963). Noncognitivist ethics, scientific method, and education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 2(4), 304-331.
91. Limbs, E. C., & Fort, T. L. (2000). Nigerian business practices and their interface with virtue ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 26(2), 169-179.
92. Lin, C.-P. (2007). To share or not to share: Modeling tacit knowledge sharing, its mediators and antecedents. Journal of Business Ethics, 70(4), 411-428.
93. Loobuyck, P. (2005). Wittgenstein and the shift from noncognitivism to cognitivism in ethics. Metaphilosophy, 36(3), 381-399.
94. Louden, R. B. (1986). Kant's virtue ethics. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 61(238), 473-489.
95. Lozano, J. M., & Sauquet, A. (1999). Integrating business and ethical values through practitioner dialogue. Journal of Business Ethics, 22(3), 203-217.
96. MacIntyre, A. (1985). After virtue. Notre Dame, IN.: Notre Dame Press.
97. Mackenzie, C. (1998). Ethical auditing and ethical knowledge. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(13), 1395-1402.
98. Mackey, A., Mackey, T. B., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Investor preferences and corporate strategies. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 817-835.
99. Mahoney, J. (1998). Editorial adieu: Cultivating moral courage in business. Business Ethics: A European Review, 7(4), 187-192.
100. Marshall, K. P. (1999). Has technology introduced new ethical problems? Journal of Business Ethics, 19(1), 81-90.
101. Marwick, A. D. (2001). Knowledge management technology. IBM Systems Journal, 40(4), 814-830.
102. Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of the information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5-12.
103. McKenna, B., Rooney, D., & Boal, K. B. (2009). Wisdom principles as a meta-theoretical basis for evaluating leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 177-190.
104. McVea, J. F., & Freeman, R. E. (2005). A names-and-faces approach to stakeholder management how focusing on stakeholders as individuals can bring ethics and entrepreneurial strategy together. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14(1), 57-69.
105. Meslin, E. M., & Quaid, K. A. (2004). Ethical issues in the collection, storage, and research use of human biological materials. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 144(5), 229-234.
106. Meso, P., & Smith, R. (2000). A resource-based view of organizational knowledge management systems. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(3), 224-234.
107. Metoyer-Duran, C. (1993). Information gatekeepers. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 28, 111-150.
108. Mill, J. S. (1861/1979). Utilitarianism. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing.
109. Mingers, J., & Walsham, G. (2010). Toward ethical information systems: the contribution of discourse ethics. MISQ, 34(4), 833-854.
110. Moor, J. H. (1999). Just consequentialism and computing. Ethics and Information Technology, 1(1), 61-65.
111. Moore, G., & Beadle, R. (2006). In search of organizational virtue in business: Agents, goods, practices, institutions and environments. Organization Studies, 27(3), 369-389.
112. Moore, G. E. (1903/1959). Principia ethica. Cambrige, UK: Cambridge University Press
113. Morey, D. (2001). High-speed knowledge management: Integrating operations theory and knowledge management for rapid results. Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(4), 322-328.
114. Morse, J. (1999). Who is the ethics expert? The original footnote to Plato. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9(4), 693-697.
115. Mumford, E. (2006). The story of socio-technical design: Reflections on its successes, failures and potential. Information Systems Journal, 16(4), 317-342.
116. Murphy, P. E. (1999). Character and virtue ethics in international marketing: An agenda for managers, researchers and educators. Journal of Business Ethics, 18(1), 107-124.
117. Nemati, H. R., Steiger, D. M., Iyer, L. S., & Herschel, R. T. (2002). Knowledge warehouse: An architectural integration of knowledge management, decision support, artificial intelligence and data warehousing. Decision Support Systems, 33(2), 143-161.
118. Newbert, S. L. (2003). Realizing the spirit and impact of Adam Smith's capitalism through entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(3), 251-258.
119. Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37.
120. Nonaka, I., & Konno, N. (1998). The concept of Ba: Building a foundation for knowledge creation. California Management Review, 40(3), 40-54.
121. O'Neill, O. (1996). Towards justice and virtue: A constructive account of practical reasoning. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
122. Orlikowski, W. J., & Robey, D. (1991). Information technology and the structuring of organizations. Information Systems Research, 2(2), 143-169.
123. Pan, S. L., & Leidner, D. E. (2003). Bridging communities of practice with information technology in pursuit of global knowledge sharing. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 12(1), 71-88.
124. Pojman, L. (1995). Ethics: Discovering right and wrong. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
125. Pruzan, P. (2001). The question of organizational consciousness: Can organizations have values, virtues and visions? Journal of Business Ethics, 29(3), 271-284.
126. Rawls, A. J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
127. Richardson, S. M., Courtney, J. F., & Haynes, J. D. (2006). Theoretical principles for knowledge management system design: Application to pediatric bipolar disorder. Decision Support Systems, 42(3), 1321-1337.
128. Rindfleisch, A., & Heide, J. B. (1997). Transaction cost analysis: Past, present, and future applications. Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 30-54.
129. Roberts, L. M. (2006). Shifting the lens on organizational life: The added value of positive scholarship. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 292-305.
130. Roberts, S. (2003). Supply chain specific? Understanding the patchy success of ethical sourcing initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2), 159-170.
131. Robey, D., & Sahay, S. (1996). Transforming work through information technology: A comparative case study of geographic information systems in county government. Information Systems Research, 7(1), 93-110.
132. Robin, D. P., & Reidenbach, R. E. (1987). Social responsibility, ethics, and marketing strategy: Closing the gap between concept and application. Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 44-58.
133. Sarin, S., & McDermott, C. (2003). The effect of team leader characteristics on learning, knowledge application, and performance of cross-functional new product development teams. Decision Sciences, 34(4), 707-739.
134. Schultze, U., & Leidner, D. E. (2002). Studying knowledge management in information systems research: Discourses and theoretical assumptions. MIS Quarterly, 26(3), 213-242.
135. Sen, A. (1979). Utilitarianism and welfarism. The Journal of Philosophy, 76(9), 463-489.
136. Singer, P. (1993). Practical ethics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
137. Singer, P. (Ed.). (1994). Ethics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
138. Singh, S. K. (2008). Role of leadership in knowledge management: A study. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(4), 3-15.
139. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2006). Consequentialism. The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism
140. Siponen, M., & Iivari, J. (2006). Six design theories for IS security policies and guidelines. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(7), 445-472.
141. Solomon, R. C. (1992). Corporate roles, personal virtues: An Aristotelean approach to business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2(3), 317-339.
142. Solomon, R. C. (2003). Victims of circumstances? A defense of virtue ethics in business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(1), 43-62.
143. Solomon, R. C. (2004). Aristotle, ethics and business organizations. Organization Studies, 25(6), 1021-1043.
144. Spender, J.-C., & Scherer, A. G. (2007). The philosophical foundations of knowledge management: Editors' Introduction. Organization, 14(1), 5-28.
145. Spinoza, B. (1677/1985). Ethics (Trans. E. Curley; Vol. 1). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
146. Stahl, B. C. (2008). The ethical nature of critical research in information systems. Information Systems Journal, 18(2), 137-163.
147. Stahl, B. C. (2012). Morality, ethics, and reflection: A categorization of normative IS research. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(8), 636-656.
148. Sturges, P. (2001). Gatekeepers and other intermediaries. Aslib Proceedings, 53(2), 62-67.
149. Surie, G., & Ashley, A. (2008). Integrating pragmatism and ethics in entrepreneurial leadership for sustainable value creation. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 235-246.
150. Szulanski, G. (2000). The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis of stickiness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 9-27.
151. Szulanski, G., & Jensen, R. J. (2006). Presumptive adaptation and the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 27(10), 937-957.
152. Tavani, H. T. (1999). KDD, data mining, and the challenge for normative privacy. Ethics and Information Technology, 1(4), 265-273.
153. Taylor, R. (1991). Virtue ethics. Interlaken, New York: Linden Books.
154. Chadwick, D., Olivier, M., Samarati, P., Sharpston, E., & Thuraisingham, B. (2003). Privacy and civil liberties. In E. Gudes and S. Shenoi (Eds.), Research directions in data and applications security (pp. 331-346). Springer.
155. Tilley, F. (2000). Small firm environmental ethics: How deep do they go? Business Ethics: A European Review, 9(1), 31-41.
156. Trianosky, G. (1990). What is virtue ethics all about? American Philosophical Quarterly, 27(4), 335-344.
157. Trist, E. L., Susman, G. I., & Brown, G. R. (1977). An experiment in autonomous working in an american underground coal mine. Human Relations, 30(3), 201-236.
158. Tseng, F.-C., & Fan, Y.-J. (2011). Exploring the influence of organizational ethical climate on knowledge management. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(2), 325-342.
159. Turetken, O., & Sharda, R. (2004). Development of a fisheye-based information search processing aid (FISPA) for managing information overload in the web environment. Decision Support Systems, 37(3), 415-434.
160. Ulrich, P. (2008). Integrative economic ethics: Foundations of a civilized market economy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
161. Upadhyaya, S., Rao, H. R., & Padmanabhan, G. (2006). Secure knowledge management. In D. G. Schwartz (Ed.), Encyclopedia of knowledge management. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference.
162. Van de Ven, A. H. (2007) Engaged scholarship: A guide for organizational and social research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
163. van Tulder, R., van Wijk, J., & Kolk, A. (2009). From chain liability to chain responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 399-412.
164. van Wel, L., & Royakkers, L. (2004). Ethical issues in web data mining. Ethics and Information Technology, 6(2), 129-140.
165. Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. (1988). The organizational bases of ethical work climates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(1), 101-125.
166. Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), xiii-xxiii.
167. Whetstone, J. T. (2001). How virtue fits within business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 33(2), 101-114.
168. Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press-Macmillan.
169. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism: Firms, markets, relational contracting. New York: The Free Press.
170. Zagzebski, L. T. (1996). Virtues of the mind: An inquiry into the nature of virtue and the ethical foundations of knowledge. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.