The last freedom: Religion from the public school to the public square

The Last Freedom: Religion from the Public School to the Public Square

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Viteritti, Joseph P ^a  

^a NONE

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References (287)

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73. Ariel Bailey, "Judge in Georgia Orders Anti-Evolution Stickers Removed from Textbooks," New York Times, January 14, 2005, p. 1.
74. Bates, Battleground, p. 31.
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77. Bates, Battleground, p. 248.
78. Bates, Battleground, p. 277.
79. Bates, Battleground, p. 277.
80. Salomone, Visions of Schooling, pp. 121-26.
81. George W. Dent Jr., "Religious Children, Secular Schools," Southern California Law Review 61 (1988), pp. 863-941.
82. Bates, Battleground, p. 277.
83. Carl F. Kaestle, The Evolution of an Urban School System: New York City, 1750- 1850 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973), pp. 1-27.
84. Diane Ravitch, The Great School Wars: A History of the New York City Public Schools (New York: Basic Books, 1974), pp. 3-4.
85. "A Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge," in Julien Boyd, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950), vol. 2, pp. 526-33.
86. Richard K. Matthews, The Radical Politics of Thomas Jefferson: A Revisionist View (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1984), pp. 53-75;
87. Sheldon, Political Philosophy of Jefferson, pp. 129-34;
88. Winthrop D. Jordan, White over Black: American Attitudes towards the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968), pp. 429-572.
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90. Stephen P. Erie, Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840-1985 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988), pp. 25-26.
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92. Lloyd P. Jorgenson, The State and the Non-Public School, 1825-1925 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1987), p. 31.
93. Charles Glenn, The Myth of the Common School (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988), pp. 115-206.
94. Mann, "Twelfth Annual Report," p. 102.
95. Dewey, A Common Faith, p. 7.
96. John Dewey, "Education as a Religion," New Republic, September 13, 1922, p. 63.
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98. John Dewey, "Religion in Our Schools," Hibbert Journal, July 1908, pp. 806-7.
99. Ellwood Cubberley, Changing Conceptions of Education (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909), p. 63.
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104. Cremin, American Education, pp. 15-16.
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111. Ray Allen Billington, The Protestant Crusade, 1800-1860: A Study of the Origins of American Nativism (New York: Macmillan, 1938), pp. 388-89.
112. Carl Kaestle, Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society, 1780- 1860 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983), pp. 166-67.
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115. Marie Carolyn Klinkhamer, "The Blaine Amendment of 1875: Private Motives for Political Action," Catholic Historical Review 42 (1957), p. 21.Jorgenson, State and Non-Public School, pp. 103-4.
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117. Jorgenson, State and Non-Public School, pp. 104-6.
118. Erie, Rainbow's End, pp. 25-66.
119. Joseph P. Viteritti, "Blaine's Wake: School Choice, the First Amendment, and State Constitutional Law," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 21 (Summer 1998), pp. 657-718;
120. Viteritti, Choosing Equality, pp. 151-56.
121. K. Green, "The Blaine Amendment Reconsidered," American Journal of Legal History 36 (1992), pp. 38-69.
122. A. D. Mayo, "What Does the Bible Represent in the American Common School" Universalist Quarterly and General Review 12 (1874), p. 272.
123. Joseph P. Viteritti, "Choosing Equality: Religious Freedom and Educational Opportunity under Constitutional Federalism," Yale Law and Policy Review 15 (1996), pp. 113-92;
124. Joseph P. Viteritti, "Davey's Plea: Blaine, Blair, Witters, and the Protection of Religious Freedom," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 27 (Fall 2003), pp. 299-338;
125. Mark Edward DeForrest, "An Overview of State Blaine Amendments: Origins, Scope, and First Amendment Concerns," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 26 (Spring 2003), pp. 551-626;
126. Kyle Duncan, "Secularism's Laws: State Blaine Amendments and Religious Persecution," Fordham Law Review 71 (December 2003), pp. 493-593.
127. William G. Ross, Forging New Freedoms: Nativism, Education and the Constitution, 1917-1927 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), p. 61.
128. Ross, Forging New Freedoms, pp. 48-49.
129. Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 401 (1923).
130. Jorgenson, State and Nonpublic School, p. 207.
131. David B. Tyack, "The Perils of Pluralism: The Background of the Pierce Case," American Historical Review 74 (October 1968), pp. 74-98.
132. Elson, Guardians of Tradition, p. 76.
133. Diane Ravitch, The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn (New York: Knopf, 2003), p. 22.
134. Ravitch, The Language Police, p. 52.
135. Joan DelFattore, What Johnny Shouldn't Read: Textbook Censorship in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992).
136. Gilbert Sewall, "Religion in the Classroom: What the Textbooks Tell Us," American Textbook Council, 1995.
137. Charles Haynes, Religion and American History: What to Teach and How (Alexandria Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1990);
138. C. John Sommerville, The Decline of the Secular University: Why the Academy Needs Religion (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006);
139. George Marsden, The Soul of the American University: From Protestant Establishment to Established Nonbelief (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996);
140. Sean Cavanagh, "Teachers Torn over Religion, Evolution," EducationWeek, February 2, 2005, p. 18.
141. Cornelia Dean, "Evolution Takes a Back Seat in U.S. Classes," New York Times, February 1, 2005, p. 1.
142. Cavanagh, "Teachers Torn over Religion, Evolution," pp.1, 18.
143. J. Ronald Oakley, God's Country: America in the Fifties (New York: Dembner Books, 1986);
144. Martin Marty, Modern American Religion, vol. 3, Under God Indivisible, 1941-1960 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996);
145. Oakley, God's Country, pp. 318-27.
146. Oakley, God's Country, p. 325.
147. Jonathan Zimmerman, Whose America CultureWars in the Public Schools (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), p. 135.
148. Richard B. Dierenfield, Religion in American Public Schools (Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1962), pp. 77-78.
149. Zimmerman, Whose America pp. 144-45.
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151. "Manifesto of Protestants and Other Americans United for the Separation of Church and State," in Joseph Dawson, ed., Separate Church and State Now (New York: Richard R. Smith, 1948), p. 208.
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158. Joan DelFattore, The Fourth R: Conflicts Over Religion in America's Public Schools (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pp. 69-70.
159. DelFattore, The Fourth R, pp. 82-94.
160. William J. Murray, Let Us Pray: A Plea for Prayer in Our Schools (New York: William Morrow, 1995).
161. Beaney and Beiser, "Prayer and Politics," 475-503, revised in Robert Sikorski, ed., Prayer in Schools and the Constitution, 1961-1992 (New York: Garland, 1993), pp. 411-39.
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169. CarolWeisbrod, The Boundaries of Utopia (New York: Pantheon, 1980), pp. 16-33.
170. Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippets Avery, Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), pp. 12-13.
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174. Lucas A. Powe Jr., The Warren Court and American Politics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000);
175. Rosemary C. Salomone, Equal Education under Law: Legal Rights and Federal Policy in the Post-Brown Era (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986), pp. 43-44.
176. Philip Hamburger, Separation of Church and State (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 422-34;
177. Michael W. McConnell, "Religious Freedom at the Crossroads," in Geoffrey Stone et al., eds., The Bill of Rights in the Modern State (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), pp. 121-27.
178. Roger K. Newman, Hugo Black: A Biography (New York: Pantheon, 1994), pp. 71-121, 233-63.
179. John C. Jeffries Jr. and James E. Ryan, "A Political History of the Establishment Clause," Michigan Law Review 100 (November 2001), p. 287-88.
180. Jeffries and Ryan, "Political History," p. 337.
181. Ronald James Boggs, "Culture of Liberty: History of Americans United for the Separation of Church and State, 1947-1953," Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 1978.
182. Viteritti, "Davey's Plea," pp. 329-30.
183. Allen D. Hertzke, Representing God inWashington: The Role of Religious Lobbies in the American Polity (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), pp. 161- 93;
184. DelFattore, The Fourth R, pp. 199-222.
185. Rosemary C. Salomone, "From Widmar to Mergens: The Winding Road of First Amendment Analysis," Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 18 (1981), pp. 295-323.
186. Jeffries and Ryan, "Political History," pp. 336-37.
187. Patrick Allitt, Religion in America since 1945: A History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), p. 186.
188. Jeffries and Ryan, "Political History," pp. 343-50.
189. Jesse Choper, "The Establishment Clause and Aid to Parochial Schools- An Update," California Law Review 75 (1987), pp. 5-14.
190. Viteritti, Choosing Equality, pp. 180-208.
191. Joseph P. Viteritti, "School Choice: How an Abstract Idea Became a Political Reality," in Diane Ravitch, ed., Brookings Papers on Education Policy, 2005 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005), pp. 137-56.
192. Douglas Laycock, "The Supreme Court's Assault on Free Exercise, and the Amicus Brief thatWas Never Filed," Journal of Law and Religion 8 (1990), pp. 99-114;
193. Steven D. Smith, "Free Exercise Doctrine and the Discourse of Disrespect," University of Colorado Law Review 65 (1994), pp. 519-76.
194. Thomas J. Curry, The First Freedoms: Church and State in America to the Passage of the First Amendment (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986);
195. Leonard W. Levy, The Establishment Clause: Religion and the First Amendment (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), pp. 1-78;
196. Michael W. McConnell, "The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion," Harvard Law Review 103 (May 1990), pp. 1421-30;
197. Edwin Gaustad and Leigh Schmidt, The Religious History of America (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 2002), pp. 1-118.
198. Edmund S. Morgan, Roger Williams: The Church and the State (New York: Norton, 1967);
199. Ellis Sandoz, A Government of Laws: Political Theory, Religion, and the American Founding (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990);
200. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark D. Udall, and Jeffrey H. Morrison, eds, The Founders on God and Government (Lanham, Md.: Roman and Littlefield, 2004);
201. Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 22-59;
202. Gordon S.Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Random House, 1993).
203. John Locke, "A Letter Concerning Toleration," in David Wootton, ed., Political Writings of John Locke (London: Mentor, 1993), p. 394.
204. John Locke, First Treatise of Government, cited in McGraw, Rediscovering America's Sacred Ground, p. 403.
205. Locke, "Letter Concerning Toleration," p. 403.
206. Harvey J. Kaye, Thomas Paine and the Promise of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2005), pp. 81-84.
207. H. W. Brands, The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin (New York: Doubleday, 2000);
208. Benjamin Franklin, "Speech of June 28, 1787," in Max Farrand, ed., The Records of the Federal Convention, rev. ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), , vol. 1, p. 451.
209. Isaac Kramnick and R. Lawrence Moore, The Godless Constitution: The Case against Religious Correctness (New York: Norton, 1996).
210. Brands, The First American, p. 707.
211. Joseph J. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington (New York: Knopf, 2004); John Ferling, The First of Men: A Life of George Washington (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988).
212. Paul F. Boller, GeorgeWashington and Religion (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1963).
213. George Washington, Farewell Address (September 19, 1796), in John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington, vol. 1, 35 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931-44), p. 229.
214. Michael Novak and Jana Novak, Washington's God: Religion, Liberty, and the Fathers of Our Country (New York: Basic Books, 2006), p. 243.
215. George Washington, Speech to the Delaware Chiefs (May 12, 1779), inWritings of George Washington, vol. 15, p. 55.
216. George Washington, Circular to the States (June 8, 1783), in Writings of George Washington, vol. 26, p. 496.
217. George Washington, Letter to Marquis de La Fayette (August 15, 1787), in Writings of George Washington, vol. 29, p. 259.
218. George Washington, Letter to the United Baptist Churches of Virginia (May 1789), in Papers of George Washington, vol. 2, p. 424.
219. George Washington, Letter to the Hebrew Congregation of Newport, Rhode Island (August 18, 1790), in Papers of George Washington, vol. 6, p. 285.
220. Joseph J. Ellis, Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams (New York: Norton, 1994); David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001).
221. John Adams, Letter to James Warren (January 9, 1787), quoted in McCullogh, John Adams, p. 373.
222. Carol Berkin, Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America's Independence (New York: Knopf, 2005).
223. Merrill D. Peterson, ed., The Portable Thomas Jefferson (New York: Penguin, 1975), p. 445.
224. Jean Yarbrough, American Virtues: Thomas Jefferson on the Character of a Free People (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998).
225. generally, Ralph Ketcham, James Madison: A Biography (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990);
226. Jack N. Rakove, James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic (New York: Longman, 2002).
227. Jack Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution (New York: Random House, 1996).
228. Thomas Jefferson, A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom (1777), in The Portable Thomas Jefferson, 251-53.
229. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Thomas Jefferson and the Wall of Separation of Church and State (New York: New York University Press, 2002), pp. 1-54.
230. Akhil Reed Amar, The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 3-133.
231. Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address (March 4, 1801), in The Portable Thomas Jefferson, pp. 292, 295.
232. James Madison, "Memorial Remonstrance against Religious Assessments" (June 20, 1785), in Jake N. Rakove, ed., Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. 30-31.
233. Vincent Blasi, "School Vouchers and Religious Liberty: Seven Questions from Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance," Cornell Law Review 87 (March 2002), pp. 783-818.
234. James Madison, "Detached Memoranda" (1817), in Writings, p. 763.
235. Jack N. Rakove, "Once More into the Breach: Reflections on Jefferson, Madison, and the Religion Problem," in Diane Ravitch and Joseph P. Viteritti, eds., Making Good Citizens: Education and Civil Society (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 233-62.
236. James Madison, Speech in Congress Proposing Constitutional Amendments (June 8, 1789), in Writings, p. 442.
237. David F. Epstein, The Political Theory of the Federalist (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984); Herert J. Storing, What the Anti-FederalistsWere For (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981).
238. James Madison, "The Federalist No. 51" (February 6, 1788), in Writings, p. 324.
239. James Madison, Letter to Frederick Beasley (November 20, 1825), in Robert S. Alley, ed., James Madison on Religious Liberty (Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus, 1985), p. 85.
240. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), p. 79
241. Ravitch and Viteritti, Making Good Citizens; Viteritti, Choosing Equality, pp. 180-208.
242. Mark Chaves, Congregations in America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004), p. 3.
243. Robert Wuthnow, "Mobilizing Civic Engagement: The Changing Impact of Religious Involvement," in Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, eds, Civic Engagement in American Democracy (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999), pp. 336-41.
244. Chaves, Congregations in America, pp. 24-25.
245. Robert Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), pp. 38-72.
246. Wolfe, Transformation of American Religion, 226-36.
247. Yvonne Yazbeck and John L. Esposito, eds., Muslims on the Americanization Path (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
248. Wuthnow, Challenges of Religious Diversity, p. 72.
249. Wolfe, Transformation of American Religion, p. 41.
250. Wolfe, Transformation of American Religion, p. 47.
251. Sonya Gais, "Latino Catholics Increasingly Drawn to Pentecostalism,"Washington Post, April 30, 2006, sec. A, p. 3.
252. Wolfe, Transformation of American Religion, p. 216.
253. Chaves, Congregations in America, p. 8.
254. Chaves, Congregations in America, pp. 17-21.
255. Chaves, Congregations in America, p. 47.
256. Chaves, Congregations in America, pp. 47-106.
257. Jeffries and Ryan, "Political History," pp. 336-37.
258. Robert Wuthnow, Saving America: Faith-Based Services and the Future of Civil Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), pp. 28-42.
259. Wuthnow, Saving America, pp. 102-4.
260. Wuthnow, Saving America, pp. 219-50.
261. Wuthnow, Saving America, p. 277. See generally pp. 276-85.
262. Wuthnow, Saving America, pp. 150-55.
263. Chaves, Congregations in America, pp. 108-26.
264. Chaves, Congregations in America, p. 117.
265. Wuthnow, Saving America, p. 293.
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281. William A. Galston, Liberal Purposes: Goods, Virtues, and Diversity in the Liberal State (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 251-55.
282. Feldman, Divided by God: America's Church- State Problem-And What We Should Do about It (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005).
283. John E. Coons and Stephen D. Sugarman, Education by Choice: The Case for Family Control (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1978).
284. Rosemary C. Salomone, "Common Schools, Uncommon Values: Listening to the Voices of Dissent," Yale Law and Policy Review 14 (1996), pp. 169-235.
285. Amy Gutmann, Democratic Education (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987).
286. Patrick J. Wolfe, "School Choice and Civic Values," in Julian Betts and Tom Loveless, eds., Getting Choice Right: Ensuring Equity and Efficiency in Education Policy (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005).
287. Douglas Laycock, "Towards a General Theory of the Religion Clauses: The Case of Church Labor Relations and the Right to Church Autonomy," Columbia Law Review 81 (1981), pp. 1373-1413.