The Ethics of identity

The Ethics of Identity

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages

  Appiah, Kwame Anthony ^a  

^a NONE

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References (340)

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2. Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985), 6 and 174;
3. R. Ashley Audra and Cloudesley Brereton, with the assistance of W. Horsfall Carter (New York: Doubleday, 1935);
4. Ronald Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 485 n. 1.
5. Peter Railton, "Pluralism, Determinacy, and Dilemma," Ethics 102, no. 4 (July 1992): 722.
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9. Mill, Autobiography, CWM 1:21.
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11. Mill, Autobiography, CWM 1:139.
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13. John Stuart Mill (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984);
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17. Mill, Autobiography, CWM 1:147
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19. Mill has recourse to a battery of considerations. Some are aesthetic (by cultivating what is individual, "human beings become a noble and beautiful object of contemplation," On Liberty,CWM18:266);
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34. Bernard Williams, "Persons, Character, and Morality," in Moral Luck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 13.
35. Oscar Wilde, The Soul of Man under Socialism and Selected Critical Prose, ed. Linda Dowling (New York: Penguin, 2001), 134.
36. Mill writes in chapter 4 of On Liberty, CWM 18:277.
37. Bernard Williams, "The Truth in Relativism," in Moral Luck. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 13.
38. Mill, System of Logic, CWM 8:840.
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40. Charles Taylor, The Ethics of Authenticity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), 40.
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45. J.W. Burrows (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 17.
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47. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, 2nd ed. (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984), 212, 207-8.
48. Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita (New York: Vintage, 1997), 80.
49. Raz, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 385.
50. Thomas C. Heller, Morton Sosna, and David E. Wellbery (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986), 222-36.
51. Robert M. Adams, "Common Projects and Moral Virtue," Midwest Studies in Philosophy 13 (1988): 297-307;
52. Nancy Sherman, "The Virtues of Common Pursuit," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53, no. 2 (June 1993): 277-99;
53. Michael Bratman, "Shared Cooperative Activities," Philosophical Review 101, no. 2 (April 1992): 327-41
54. Margaret Gilbert, Living Together (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996).
55. Mill, Autobiography, CWM 1:251.
56. Bhikhu Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 44.
57. Joshua Cohen, Matthew Howard, and Martha C. Nussbaum (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), 111.
58. Isaiah Berlin, "Two Concepts of Liberty" in Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969) 118-72.
59. Mill, On Liberty, CWM 18:270.
60. Matthew Arnold, Culture and Anarchy, ed. Samuel Lipman (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 36.
61. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 424.
62. Amartya Sen, Inequality Reexamined (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), xi.
63. Joel Feinberg Harm to Others (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984).
64. Sen, "Plural Utility," Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 81 (1982): 196-97.
65. John Kleinig, Paternalism (Totowa: Rowman & Allanheld, 1984), 34.
66. Raz, Morality of Freedom, 400, 410, 414, 415-16.
67. Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 97-106.
68. Mill, Principles of Political Economy, CWM 3:937.
69. Mill, Autobiography, CWM 1:213.
70. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor, Essays on Sex Equality, ed. Alice S. Rossi (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), 236;
71. Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, Anna Karenina (New York: Viking, 2000), 6-7.
72. Gerald Dworkin, The Theory and Practice of Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 38.
73. Joel Feinberg, Harm to Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 32 and 380
74. David Riesman and Nathan Glazer, "The Meaning of Opinion," Public Opinion Quarterly 12, no. 4 (Winter 1948-49): 638-39
75. Robert Young, "Autonomy and 'the Inner Self,' " American Philosophical Quarterly 17, no. 1 (January 1980): 36.
76. Stanley Benn, "Freedom, Autonomy, and the Concept of the Person," Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 76 (1975-76): 129.
77. Peter Digeser, Our Politics, Our Selves (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 166-95.
78. Gray, Defence, 74; and William E. Connelly, The Terms of Political Discourse, 2nd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983), 150-51.
79. David Johnston, The Idea of a Liberal Theory: A Critique and Reconstruction (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 102.
80. Raz, Morality of Freedom, 370, 371.
81. George Sher, Beyond Neutrality: Perfectionism and Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 50.
82. Galston Maintains, in Liberal Pluralism: The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 25;
83. Jacob T. Levy "Liberalism's Divide after Socialism-and Before," Social Philosophy and Policy 20, no. 1 (Winter 2003): 278-97.
84. John Gray, Isaiah Berlin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 32-33.
85. Susan Mendus, Toleration and the Limits of Liberalism (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989), 108;
86. Charles E. Larmore, Patterns of Moral Complexity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 129;
87. Chandran Kukathas, "Are There Any Cultural Rights?" Political Theory 20, no. 1 (February 1992): 120;
88. "Democratic Character and Community: The Logic of Congruence?" Journal of Political Philosophy 2, no. 1 (1994): 67-97.
89. John Gray, Two Faces of Liberalism (New York: The New Press, 2000), 56.
90. Isaiah Berlin, "Two Concepts of Liberty," in Four Essays, 172.
91. Brian Barrycritique in Culture and Equality (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001), 133.
92. Michael Walzer, "On Involuntary Associations," in Freedom of Association, ed. Amy Gutmann (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998), 70.
93. Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 36, 27.
94. Michael Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 179.
95. Hilary Putnam, "TheMeaning of 'Meaning,' " in Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).
96. Donald Green, Bradley Palmquist, and Eric Schickler, Partisan Hearts andMinds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002);
97. Paul M. Sniderman, "Taking Sides: A Fixed Choice Theory of Political Reasoning," in Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality, ed. Arthur Lupia, Mathew D. McCubbins, and Samuel L. Popkin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 67-84.
98. John Bargh and Tanya L. Chartrand, "The Unbearable Automaticity of Being," American Psychologist 54 (July 1999): 462-79.
99. Alfred R. Mele, Autonomous Agents (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
100. Andrew Mason, "Autonomy, Liberalism and State Neutrality," Philosophical Quarterly 40 (October 1990): 436.
101. Mill suggest that those who fail to take that opportunity are politically unfree." Colin Bird, The Myth of Liberal Individualism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 133.
102. Samuel Scheffler, "Responsibility, Reactive Attitudes, and Liberalism in Philosophy and Politics," Philosophy and Public Affairs 21, no. 4 (Autumn 1992): 309.
103. Dworkin, Theory and Practice of Autonomy, 62-81.
104. Charles Taylor, "To Follow a Rule," in Philosophical Arguments (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), 168, 173.
105. James Tully, "Wittgenstein and Political Philosophy: Understanding Practices of Critical Reflection," Political Theory 17, no. 2 (May 1989): 193, 195.
106. Jeremy Waldron, "Minority Cultures and the Cosmopolitan Alternative," University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 25 (1992): 780-81.
107. "Tolerable Falsehoods," in Consequences of Theory, ed. Jonathan Arac and Barbara Johnson (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 63-90.
108. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of theMetaphysic ofMorals, trans. H. J. Paton (New York: Harper & Row, 1964), 118.
109. Michael Friedman, Kant and the Exact Sciences (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992).
110. Richard Wright, Native Son (New York: HarperCollins, 1998).
111. Richard Wright, "Richard Wright: The Hammer and the Nail," in American Studies (New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 2002), 83-85.
112. JürgenHabermas, Knowledge and Human Interests, trans. Jeremy J. Shapiro (London: Heinemann, 1972), 135, 176.
113. Charles Taylor, "Cross-Purposes: The Liberal-Communitarian Debate," in Philosophical Arguments.
114. Muzafer Sherif, O.J. Harvey, B. Jack White, William R. Hood, and Carolyn W. Sherif, The Robbers Cave Experiment: Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation (Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1988; originally published by the Institute of Group Relations, the University of Oklahoma, 1961).
115. Donald Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), 179.
116. Jean-Loup Amselle, Mestizo Logics: Anthropology of Identity in Africa and Elsewhere, trans. Claudia Royal (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998), 33
117. Erik Erikson; in, e.g., "Identity and the Life Cycle," Psychological Issues 1 (1959);
118. Erik H. Erikson, " 'Identity Crisis' in Autobiographical Perspective," in Life History and the Historical Moment (New York: Norton, 1975), 43;
119. Adam Kuper, Culture: The Anthropologists' Account (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 237.
120. Mary McIntosh, "The Homosexual Role," in Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy, ed. Edward Stein (New York: Routledge, 1988), 25-42.
121. G.E.M. Anscombe, Intention (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1972), 37-41;
122. G.E.M. Anscombe, "Under a Description," Nous 13 (1979): 219-33,
123. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Amy Gutmann, Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998).
124. Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement, February 25, 1994, 13.
125. Raz, too-in his Ethics in the Public Domain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 174.
126. Avishai Margalit and Joseph Raz in "National Self-Determination," Journal of Philosophy 87, no. 9 (September 1990): 456.
127. Michael Walzer, On Toleration (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
128. Joseph Raz, "How Perfect Should One Be? And Whose Culture Is?" in Okin, Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?, 96.
129. Kukathas, "Cultural Rights?" 105-39
130. Chandran Kukathas, "Liberalism and Multiculturalism: The Politics of Indifference," Political Theory 26, no. 5 (October 1998): 686-99.
131. Kukathas, "Cultural Rights?" 126.
132. Avishai Margalit and Moshe Habertal "Liberalism and the Right to Culture," Social Research 64 (1994): 491-510.
133. Ursula LeGuin, The Wind's Twelve Quarters (New York: Harper & Row, 1975).
134. Amy Gutmann, in her Identity in Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003)
135. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 233;
136. Gutmann, Identity, 45-47.
137. Leslie Green, "Internal Minorities and Their Rights," in The Rights of Minority Cultures, ed. Will Kymlicka (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 266-67.
138. Levy clear-eyed study TheMulticulturalism of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 112.
139. Albert O. Hirschman-in Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), 76.
140. Michael J. Perry, Love and Power: The Role of Religion and Morality in American Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).
141. John Rawls, "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited," in John Rawls: Collected Papers, ed. Samuel Freeman (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 574, 611.
142. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, 113, 111.
143. Thornton v. Caldor in his Democracy's Discontents (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), 67-68.
144. Stephen L. Carter, The Culture of Disbelief (New York: Basic Books, 1993), 142.
145. Carter writes, in Disbelief, 1993, 132.
146. Michael McConnell, "God Is Dead and We Have Killed Him: Freedom of Religion in the Post-Modern Age," Brigham Young University Law Review 163 (Winter 1993): 181.
147. Greenawalt, "Five Questions about Religion Judges Are Afraid to Ask," in Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 199.
148. The notion of "disparate impact" was introduced in Griggs v. Duke Power Company, 401 U.S. 424 (1971).
149. Thomas Nagel, "Moral Conflict and Political Legitimacy," Philosophy and Public Affairs 16 (Summer 1987): 215-40.
150. David A. Strauss, "Discriminatory Intent and the Taming of Brown," University of Chicago Law Review 56 (1989): 956-60.
151. Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division (1980), 450.
152. Axel Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995).
153. David D. Laitin, including Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998);
154. Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue, 260.
155. Sherif, Robbers Cave, 179.
156. Mervat Nasser, Culture and Weight Consciousness (New York: Routledge, 1997).
157. Dick Shurman, "New Orleans, Louisiana, and Zydeco," in The New Blackwell Guide To Recorded Blues, ed. John Cowley and Paul Oliver (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 1996).
158. Mary Waters, Ethnic Options (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990).
159. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Lingo Jingo: English Only and the New Nativism," American Prospect, no. 33 (July-August 1997): 40-47.
160. Stephen Macedo, "Transformative Constitutionalism and the Case of Religion: Defending the Moderate Hegemony of Liberalism," Political Theory 26, no. 1 (February 1998): 56-89.
161. Marshall Sahlins, "Goodbye to Tristes Tropes: Ethnography in the Context of Modern World History," Journal of Modern History 65 (1993): 3-4.
162. Edward Burnett Tylor, Primitive Culture (London: John Murray, 1871)
163. Kymlicka, Liberalism, Community, and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), 167.
164. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, 83.
165. Ronald Dworkin, A Matter of Principle (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985), 232-33.
166. Margalit and Raz, "Self-Determination," 449;
167. Berlin, "Two Concepts of Liberty," in Four Essays, 132.
168. Kymlicka,Multicultural Citizenship, 26;
169. IrisMarion Young, Inclusion and Democracy(New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
170. Kymlicka, Finding Our Way: Rethinking Ethnocultural Relations in Canada (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 44.
171. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, 84.
172. Similar questions arise when Raz-in his Ethics in the Public Domain, 174
173. John Tomasi, "Kymlicka, Liberalism, and Respect for CulturalMinorities," Ethics 105, no. 3 (April 1995): 590.
174. Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain, 177.
175. Margalit and Raz, "Self-Determination," 444.
176. Taylor, "Irreducibly Social Goods," in his Philosophical Arguments, 142.
177. Margalit and Raz, "Self-Determination," 449-61.
178. Taylor, "Irreducibly Social Goods," 136.
179. James Griffin,Well-Being: ItsMeaning,Measurement, and Moral Importance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 387-88.
180. Taylor, "Irreducibly Social Goods," 137.
181. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups, 176-77.
182. Dworkin, A Matter of Principle, 233.
183. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, 104, 100.
184. Charles Moore, "Time for aMore Liberal and 'Racist' Immigration Policy," Spectator, October 19, 1991.
185. Taylor, Multiculturalism, 58-59.
186. Richard Handler, Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988), 39, 27.
187. My Father's House (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 77, 178;
188. David Laitin, Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Religious Change among the Yoruba (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 7-8;
189. Johannes Fabian, Language and Colonial Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 42-43.
190. Iver Peterson, "The Mire of Tribe Recognition," New York Times, December 28, 2002.
191. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, 104.
192. Margalit and Raz, "Self-Determination," 445.
193. Walter Benn Michaels, Our America: Nativism, Modernism, and Pluralism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996), 181-82.
194. Michaels, Our America, 125, 128-29.
195. Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain, 178-79.
196. Matsuda, "Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim's Story," in Mari Matsuda, Charles R. Lawrence, III, et al., Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), 17-51.
197. Jon Elster, Political Psychology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 80.
198. Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship, 100.
199. Hobbes, De Cive (1651), chapter 3, paragraph 31; Mill, On Liberty, CWM 18:270.
200. Taylor, "Cross-Purposes," 185.
201. Basil Mitchell, Law, Morality, and Religion in a Secular Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965, 1970)
202. P. F. Strawson, "Social Morality and Individual Ideal," reprinted in Strawson, Freedom and Resentment (London: Methuen, 1974). 51.
203. Mill, On Liberty, CWM 18:224.
204. Mehta, Liberalism and Empire, 101-2, 103.
205. House of Commons, and Westminster Hall (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, 1816), 2:416.
206. E.J. Payne and Francis Canavan [Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1999]).
207. Bernard Williams, introduction to Concepts and Categories: Philosophical Essays by Isaiah Berlin, ed. Henry Hardy (New York: Viking, 1979), 37.
208. David Johnston, The Idea of a Liberal Theory: A Critique and Reconstruction (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 92.
209. Steven Wall, Liberalism, Perfectionism, and Restraint (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 140-43.
210. Dworkin, Theory and Practice of Autonomy, 76, 80-81.
211. Barry Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice (New York: Ecco Press, 2004).
212. Galston, Liberal Pluralism, 60.
213. Tomlinson, Cultural Imperialism (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 98.
214. Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, ed. Anne Cohler, Basia Miller, and Harold Stone (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 310.
215. David Ingram, Group Rights: Reconciling Equality and Difference (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2000), 257.
216. Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain, 99.
217. Galston, Liberal Pluralism, 64.
218. Tomlinson, Cultural Imperialism, 67.
219. Stephen Macedo, Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Multicultural Democracy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 2.
220. Karl R. Popper, chapter 24 of The Poverty of Historicism (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974), 90.
221. L. T. Hobhouse, Liberalism and Other Writings, ed. James Meadowcroft (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 13.
222. John Passmore, in The Perfectibility of Man (New York: Scribner's, 1970), 20.
223. Thomas Hill Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, ed. A. C. Bradley (1883; reprint, Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1997), 295.
224. Mill continues, "Putting these two propositions into a shape more special to their present application; human beings are only secure from evil at the hands of others in proportion as they have the power of being, and are, self-protecting; and they only achieve a high degree of success in their struggle with Nature in proportion as they are self-dependent, relying on what they themselves can do, either separately or in concert, rather than on what others do for them." Considerations on Representative Government, CWM 19:404.
225. Brian Barry, Culture and Equality, 44-49.
226. Stephen Macedo, Liberal Virtues (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 129.
227. Recall Raz discussion of contingent and inherent public goods, in The Morality of Freedom, 198-99.
228. Amy Gutmann, Democratic Education (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), 46.
229. Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue, 322.
230. Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, The Federalist: A Commentary on the Constitution of the United States (New York: Random House, Modern Library, 1941), 335 (No. 51).
231. Harry Frankfurt, "Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person," in The Importance of WhatWe Care About: Philosophical Essays (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 19.
232. Frankfurt, "The Importance of WhatWe Care About," in Frankfurt, The Importance of What We Care About, 83, 91.
233. Michael Stocker, Plural and Conflicting Values (Oxford: Clarendon Press), 211-37
234. Cass Sunstein provides a wide-ranging working out of this thought in his "Preferences and Politics," Philosophy and Public Affairs 20, no. 3 (1991)
235. Gerd Gigerenzer, Calculated Risks (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002);
236. Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, and Daniel Kahneman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002);
237. Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, Inevitable Illusions (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994).
238. Sunstein, "Preferences," 12.
239. Mill, Utilitarianism, CWM 10:211.
240. Sidgwick, The Method of Ethics (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1981), 111.
241. Carl Dennis, Practical Gods (New York: Penguin, 2001), 72.
242. Scanlon, What We Owe to Each Other, 134-35.
243. Griffin, Well-Being, 12-13.
244. Ronald Dworkin, in Sovereign Virtue, 272
245. Derek Parfit, "What Makes Someone's Life Go Best," in his Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 499.
246. Arneson, "Perfectionism and Politics," Ethics 111, no. 1 (October 2000): 54.
247. Gerald Dworkin, "The Concept of Autonomy," in The Inner Citadel, ed. John Christman (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 60.
248. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, chapter 6, section 63.
249. Richard Braithwaite, "An Empiricist's View of the Nature of Religious Belief," in The Philosophy of Religion, ed. Basil Mitchell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971), 72-91.
250. Robert P. Stuckert, "African Ancestry of the White American Population," Ohio Journal of Science 58, no. 3 (May 1958): 155.
251. Griffin, Well-Being, 136.
252. Mill, On Liberty, CWM 18:244.
253. John Robinson, Honest to God (London: John Knox Press, 1963).
254. Robert C. Post et al., Prejudicial Appearances: The Logic of American Antidiscrimination Law (Durham: Duke University Press, 2001), 30-31.
255. Thomas C. Grey, "Cover Blindness," in Post et al., Prejudicial, 85-97.
256. John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, ed. James Axtell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), 112.
257. Uday Singh Mehta, The Anxiety of Freedom (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992), 119-67.
258. James Mill on Education, ed. W. H. Burston (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 41.
259. Bruce Ackerman, Social Justice in the Liberal State (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), 159.
260. Michael Oakeshott, The Voice of Liberal Learning: Michael Oakeshott on Education, ed. Timothy Fuller (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 24.
261. MacIntyre, After Virtue, 201.
262. Ellwood P. Cubberley, Changing Conceptions of Education (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909), 15-16.
263. Eamonn Callan, Creating Citizens (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), 172.
264. Macedo, Diversity and Distrust, 134.
265. Callan, Creating Citizens, 145, 146.
266. Mill continues, "It seems to me that to act otherwise on any pretext whatever is little if at all short of a crime against one's children, against one's fellow creatures in general, & against abstract truth in whatever form it appears most sacred to one's eyes." The Later Letters, 1849-1873, CWM 16:1468.
267. Stephen Bates, Battleground: One Mother's Crusade, the Religious Right, and the Struggle for Control of Our Classrooms (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993).
268. Macedo, "Transformative Constitutionalism," 73.
269. Mele, Autonomous Agents, 185.
270. Kleinig, Paternalism, 55-67.
271. Mill, "Nature," in Three Essays on Religion, CWM 10:396.
272. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Locksley Hall" (1842).
273. Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, trans. with an introduction by Maxwell Staniforth (New York: Penguin, 1964), 188.
274. Dworkin, "What Is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources," Philosophy and Public Affairs 10, no. 4 (Autumn 1981): 283-345;
275. Charles R. Beitz, "Cosmopolitan Ideals and National Sentiment," Journal of Philosophy 80, no. 10 (October 1983): 592.
276. Henry Shue Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and American Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980)
277. Michael Walzer justly well regarded Spheres of Justice (New York: Basic Books, 1983)
278. Thomas W. Pogge, "Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty," Ethics 103 (October 1992): 48-49.
279. Susan Wolf, "Morality and Impartiality," Philosophical Perspectives 6 (1992): 243-59;
280. William Godwin, Enquiry: Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on Morals and Happiness (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1946), 1:128.
281. Charles Dickens, Bleak House (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 47.
282. Virginia Woolf, Three Guineas (New York: Harcourt, 1938), 80, 78.
283. "Patriotism or Peace?" in Tolstoy'sWritings on Civil Disobedience and Nonviolence (New York: New American Library, 1968), 75, 107.
284. Joseph Appiah, Joe Appiah: The Autobiography of an African Patriot (New York: Praeger, 1990), 266.
285. Christopher Heath Wellman, "Relational Facts in Liberal Political Theory: Is There Magic in the Pronoun 'My'?" Ethics 110 (April 2000): 537-62
286. Andrew Mason, "Special Obligations to Compatriots," Ethics 107 (April 1997): 427-47
287. Richard W. Miller, "Cosmopolitan Respect and Patriotic Concern," Philosophy and Public Affairs 27, no. 3 (Summer 1998): 202-24
288. A. John Simmons, "Associative Political Obligations," Ethics 106, no. 2 (January 1996): 247-73.
289. Stephen Nathanson, "In Defense of 'Moderate Patriotism,' " Ethics 99 (April 1989): 535-52;
290. David Miller, On Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995);
291. Martha Nussbaum, "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism," in For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism, ed. Joshua Cohen (Boston: Beacon Press, 1996)
292. Samuel Scheffler, Boundaries and Allegiances: Problems of Justice and Responsibility in Liberal Thought (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001);
293. Robert McKim and Jeff McMahon (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
294. Scheffler, "Liberalism, Nationalism and Egalitarianism," in Boundaries, 79.
295. Amartya Sen, "Positional Objectivity," Philosophy and Public Affairs 22, no. 2 (Spring 1993): 126-45.
296. Mason, "Special Obligations to Compatriots," 446.
297. Joseph Raz argument-in "Liberating Duties," Law and Philosophy 8 (1989): 3-21
298. Lawrence Blum, Friendship, Altruism, and Morality (London: Routledge, 1982)
299. Henry Allison, Kant's Theory of Freedom (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 180-98.
300. Harry Frankfurt, "Equality as a Moral Ideal," in The Importance of What We Care About, 134-58
301. Elizabeth Anderson, "What Is the Point of Equality?" Ethics 109, no. 2 (January 1999): 287-337,
302. John Kane marvelously provocative intervention, "Justice, Impartiality, and Equality: Why the Concept of Justice Does Not Presume Equality," Political Theory 24, no. 3 (August 1996): 375-93,
303. Joe Brooks (New York: Big Hill Music Corp., 1979).
304. Thomson, The Realm of Rights (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990), 30 n. 19;
305. Stephen L. Darwall, "Two Kinds of Respect," Ethics 88, no. 1 (October 1977): 38.
306. Margalit, The Ethics of Memory (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), 7, 8.
307. Hurka, "The Justification of National Partiality," in McKim and McMahon, Morality of Nationalism, 143.
308. Nathanson, "In Defense of 'Moderate Patriotism,' " 538
309. Margalit, The Ethics of Memory, 106.
310. George Eliot, Middlemarch (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 835.
311. Immanuel Kant, The Critique of the Power of Judgment, trans. Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 121.
312. Charles Taylor, Hegel and Modern Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 83.
313. Scheffler, "Conceptions of Cosmopolitanism," in Boundaries, 121.
314. Scheffler, "Relationships and Responsibilities," in Boundaries, 97-110.
315. George Saunders, "A Survey of the Literature," The New Yorker, September 22, 2003, 118.
316. Craig Calhoun, "Nationalism and Ethnicity," Annual Review of Sociology 19 (1993): 230;
317. Calhoun, Nationalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 197), 42-44.
318. Robert B. Kimber (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970), 94.
319. Nussbaum, "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism," 7-8, 135-36.
320. Mazzini continues, "as when, even as a wise overseer of labour distributes the various branches of employment according to the different capacities of the workmen, he divided Humanity into distinct groups or nuclei upon the face of the earth, thus creating the germ of nationalities." An Essay on the Duties of Man Addressed to Workingmen (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1898), 57-58.
321. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, ed. J.C.D. Clark (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001), 202.
322. Nussbaum, "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism," 7.
323. Nussbaum, "But Would That Still Be Me? Notes on Gender, 'Race,' Ethnicity as Sources of Identity," Journal of Philosophy 87, no. 10 (October 1990): 493-99.
324. Nussbaum, "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism," 14.
325. Jeremy Waldron, "Special Ties and Natural Duties," Philosophy and Public Affairs 22 (1993): 3-30.
326. Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992);
327. Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1976).
328. Laurence Sterne, A Sentimental Journey (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968), 62-63.
329. Richard Rorty, "Justice as a Larger Loyalty" in Cosmopolitics, ed. Phengh Cheah and Bruce Robbins (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), 73.
330. Tomlinson, Cultural Imperialism, 96-97
331. Nussbaum, "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism," 9.
332. J. G. Nichols (London: Hesperus Press, 2003), 38.
333. Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), 7, 68.
334. L.W. Sumner fine discussion in "The Analysis of Rights," in The Moral Foundation of Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), especially 15-31.
335. Joseph Chan, "A Confucian Perspective on Human Rights for Contemporary China," in The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights, ed. Joanne R. Bauer and Daniel A. Bell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 212-37;
336. Joseph Chan, "The Asian Challenge to Universal Human Rights: A Philosophical Appraisal," in Human Rights and International Relations in the Asia-Pacific Region, ed. James T. H. Tang (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995)
337. Cass R. Sunstein, "Incompletely Theorized Agreements," Harvard Law Review 108 (1995): 1733-72.
338. Louis Menand, "The Limits of Academic Freedom," in The Future of Academic Freedom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 1.
339. "A Letter Concerning Toleration," in Political Writings of John Locke, ed. David Wootton (New York: Mentor, 1993), 426.
340. Mill, Principles of Political Economy, CWM 3:594.