Targeting and regulation of cell wall synthesis during tip growth in plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

Volumn 55, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 835-846

  Gu, Fangwei ^a   Nielsen, Erik ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Cellulose; Membrane trafficking; Plant cell wall; Pollen tube; Root hair; Tip growth

Indexed keywords

CELLULOSE; GROWTH; MEMBRANE; PLANT; POLLEN; ROOT;

CELLULOSE; VEGETABLE PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CELL FRACTIONATION; CELL POLARITY; CELL WALL; MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING; METABOLISM; PLANT CELL; PLANT CELL WALL; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; POLLEN TUBE; ROOT HAIR; TIP GROWTH;

CELLULOSE; MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING; PLANT CELL WALL; POLLEN TUBE; ROOT HAIR; TIP GROWTH;

CELL POLARITY; CELL WALL; PLANT CELLS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; PLANT PROTEINS; SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS;

EID: 84883733593     PISSN: 16729072     EISSN: 17447909     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12077     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Anderson CT, Wallace IS, Somerville CR (2012) Metabolic click-labeling with a fucose analog reveals pectin delivery, architecture, and dynamics in Arabidopsis cell walls. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 1329-1334.
2. Baluska F, Salaj J, Mathur J, Braun M, Jasper F, Samaj J, Chua NH, Barlow PW, Volkmann D (2000) Root hair formation: F-actin-dependent tip growth is initiated by local assembly of profilin-supported F-actin meshworks accumulated within expansin-enriched bulges. Dev. Biol. 227, 618-632.
3. Baskin TI (2005) Anisotropic expansion of the plant cell wall. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 21, 203-222.
4. Bernal AJ, Yoo CM, Mutwil M, Jensen JK, Hou G, Blaukopf C, Sørensen I, Blancaflor EB, Scheller HV, Willats WGT (2008) Functional analysis of the cellulose synthase-like genes CSLD1, CSLD2, and CSLD4 in tip-growing Arabidopsis cells. Plant Physiol. 148, 1238-1253.
5. Boisson-Dernier A, Kessler SA, Grossniklaus U (2011) The walls have ears: The role of plant CrRLK1Ls in sensing and transducing extracellular signals. J. Exp. Bot. 62, 1581-1591.
6. Brady SM, Orlando DA, Lee JY, Wang JY, Koch J, Dinneny JR, Mace D, Ohler U, Benfey PN (2007) A high-resolution root spatiotemporal map reveals dominant expression patterns. Science 318, 801-806.
7. Brown M, Saxena I, Kudlicka K (1996) Cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci. 1, 149-156.
8. Del Campillo E, Gaddam S, Mettle-Amuah D, Heneks J (2012) A tale of two tissues: AtGH9C1 is an endo-β-1, 4-glucanase involved in root hair and endosperm development in Arabidopsis. PLoS ONE 7, e49363.
9. Caño-Delgado A, Metzlaff K, Bevan M (2000) The eli1 mutation reveals a link between cell expansion and secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 3405, 3395-3405.
10. Carol RJ, Dolan L (2002) Building a hair: Tip growth in Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 357, 815-821.
11. Carol RJ, Dolan L (2006) The role of reactive oxygen species in cell growth: Lessons from root hairs. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 1829-1834.
12. Cavalier DM, Lerouxel O, Neumetzler L, Yamauchi K, Reinecke A, Freshour G, Zabotina OA, Hahn MG, Burgert I, Pauly M, Raikhel NV, Keegstra K (2008) Disrupting two Arabidopsis thaliana xylosyltransferase genes results in plants deficient in xyloglucan, a major primary cell wall component. Plant Cell 20, 1519-1537.
13. Chebli Y, Kaneda M, Zerzour R, Geitmann A (2012) The cell wall of the Arabidopsis pollen tube-spatial distribution, recycling, and network formation of polysaccharides. Plant Physiol. 160, 1940-1955.
14. Cheung A, Chen C (2002) Rab2 GTPase regulates vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi bodies and is important to pollen tube growth. Plant Cell 14, 945-962.
15. Cheung A, Niroomand S (2010) A transmembrane formin nucleates subapical actin assembly and controls tip-focused growth in pollen tubes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 16390-16395.
16. Cheung A, Wu HM (2004) Overexpression of an Arabidopsis formin stimulates supernumerary actin cable formation from pollen tube cell membrane. Plant Cell 16, 257-269.
17. Cheung AY, Wu HM (2008) Structural and signaling networks for the polar cell growth machinery in pollen tubes. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59, 547-572.
18. Cheung AY, Wu HM (2011) THESEUS 1, FERONIA and relatives: A family of cell wall-sensing receptor kinases? Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 14, 632-641.
19. Cho HT, Cosgrove DJ (2000) Altered expression of expansin modulates leaf growth and pedicel abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9783-9788.
20. Cho HT, Cosgrove DJ (2002) Regulation of root hair initiation and expansin gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14, 3237-3253.
21. Choi D, Lee Y, Cho H, Kende H (2003) Regulation of expansin gene expression affects growth and development in transgenic rice plants. Plant Cell 15, 1386-1398.
22. Cole RA, Fowler JE (2006) Polarized growth: Maintaining focus on the tip. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 9, 579-588.
23. Cosgrove DJ (2005) Growth of the plant cell wall. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 850-861.
24. Cosgrove DJ, Li LC, Cho HT, Hoffmann-Benning S, Moore RC, Blecker D (2002) The growing world of expansins. Plant Cell Physiol. 43, 1436-1444.
25. Crowell EF, Gonneau M, Stierhof YD, Höfte H, Vernhettes S (2010) Regulated trafficking of cellulose synthases. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 13, 700-705.
26. Cvrcková F, Novotný M, Pícková D, Zárský V (2004) Formin homology 2 domains occur in multiple contexts in angiosperms. BMC Genomics 5, 44.
27. Desnos T, Orbović V, Bellini C, Kronenberger J, Caboche M, Traas J, Höfte H (1996) Procuste1 mutants identify two distinct genetic pathways controlling hypocotyl cell elongation, respectively in dark- and light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Development 122, 683-693.
28. Duan Q, Kita D, Li C, Cheung AY, Wu HM (2010) FERONIA receptor-like kinase regulates RHO GTPase signaling of root hair development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 17821-17826.
29. Egelund J, Petersen BL, Motawia MS, Damager I, Faik A, Olsen CE, Ishii T, Clausen H, Ulvskov P, Geshi N (2006) Arabidopsis thaliana RGXT1 and RGXT2 encode Golgi-localized (1, 3)-alpha-d-xylosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of pectic rhamnogalacturonan-II. Plant Cell 18, 2593-2607.
30. Emons AMC (1994) Winding threads around plant cells: A geometrical model for microfibril deposition. Plant Cell Environ. 17, 3-14.
31. Emons AMC, Wolters-Arts A (1983) Cortical microtubules and microfibril deposition in the cell wall of root hairs of Equisetum hyemale. Protoplasma 81, 68-81.
32. Emons AMC, Mulder BM (2000) How the deposition of cellulose microfibrils builds. Trends Plant Sci. 5, 35-40.
33. Endler A, Persson S (2011) Cellulose synthases and synthesis in Arabidopsis. Mol. Plant 4, 199-211.
34. Foreman J, Demidchik V, Bothwell JHF, Mylona P, Miedema H, Torres MA, Linstead P, Costa S, Brownlee C, Jones JD, Davis JM, Dolan L (2003) Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth. Nature 422, 442-446.
35. Fu Y, Wu G, Yang Z (2001) Rop GTPase-dependent dynamics of tip-localized F-actin controls tip growth in pollen tubes. J. Cell Biol. 152, 1019-1032.
36. Galway ME, Heckman JW, Schiefelbein JW (1997) Growth and ultrastructure of Arabidopsis root hairs: The rhd3 mutation alters vacuole enlargement and tip growth. Planta 201, 209-218.
37. Galway ME, Eng RC, Schiefelbein JW, Wasteneys GO (2011) Root hair-specific disruption of cellulose and xyloglucan in AtCSLD3 mutants, and factors affecting the post-rupture resumption of mutant root hair growth. Planta 233, 985-999.
38. Gibbon BC, Kovar DR, Staiger CJ (1999) Latrunculin B has different effects on pollen germination and tube growth. Plant Cell 11, 2349-2363.
39. Gorres K, Raines R (2010) Prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 45, 106-124.
40. Grebe M (2012) The patterning of epidermal hairs in Arabidopsis-updated. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 15, 31-37.
41. Green PB (1962) Mechanism for plant cellular morphogenesis. Science 138, 1404-1405.
42. Gu Y, Fu Y, Dowd P, Li S, Vernoud V, Gilroy S, Yang Z (2005) A Rho family GTPase controls actin dynamics and tip growth via two counteracting downstream pathways in pollen tubes. J. Cell Biol. 169, 127-138.
43. Gu Y, Kaplinsky N, Bringmann M, Cobb A, Carroll A, Sampathkumar A, Baskin TI, Persson S, Somerville CR (2010) Identification of a cellulose synthase-associated protein required for cellulose biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 12866-12871.
44. Guerriero G, Fugelstad J, Bulone V (2010) What do we really know about cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants? J. Integr. Plant Biol. 52, 161-175.
45. Helling D, Possart A, Cottier S, Klahre U, Kost B (2006) Pollen tube tip growth depends on plasma membrane polarization mediated by tobacco PLC3 activity and endocytic membrane recycling. Plant Cell 18, 3519-3534.
46. Hématy K, Höfte H (2008) Novel receptor kinases involved in growth regulation. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 11, 321-328.
47. Hématy K, Sado PE, Van Tuinen A, Rochange S, Desnos T, Balzergue S, Pelletier S, Renou JP, Höfte H (2007) A receptor-like kinase mediates the response of Arabidopsis cells to the inhibition of cellulose synthesis. Curr. Biol. 17, 922-931.
48. Huck N (2003) The Arabidopsis mutant feronia disrupts the female gametophytic control of pollen tube reception. Development 130, 2149-2159.
49. Jones MA, Shen J, Fu Y, Li H, Yang Z, Grierson CS (2002) The arabidopsis Rop2 GTPase is a positive regulator of both root hair initiation and tip growth. Plant Cell 14, 763-776.
50. Jones MA, Raymond MJ, Yang Z, Smirnoff N (2007) NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species formation required for root hair growth depends on ROP GTPase. J. Exp. Bot. 58, 1261-1270.
51. Konopka CA, Backues SK, Bednarek SY (2008) Dynamics of Arabidopsis dynamin-related protein 1C and a clathrin light chain at the plasma membrane. Plant Cell 20, 1363-1380.
52. Kusano H, Testerink C, Vermeer JEM, Tsuge T, Shimada H, Oka A, Munnik T, Aoyama T (2008) The Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase PIP5K3 is a key regulator of root hair tip growth. Plant Cell 20, 367-380.
53. Lee YJ, Yang Z (2008) Tip growth: Signaling in the apical dome. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 11, 662-671.
54. Lee YJ, Szumlanski A, Nielsen E, Yang Z (2008) Rho-GTPase-dependent filamentous actin dynamics coordinate vesicle targeting and exocytosis during tip growth. J. Cell Biol. 181, 1155-1168.
55. Liepman AH, Wightman R, Geshi N, Turner SR, Scheller HV (2010) Arabidopsis-a powerful model system for plant cell wall research. Plant J. 61, 1107-1121.
56. Lin C, Choi HS, Cho HT (2011) Root hair-specific EXPANSIN A7 is required for root hair elongation in Arabidopsis. Mol. Cells 31, 393-397.
57. Mohnen D (2008) Pectin structure and biosynthesis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 11, 266-277.
58. Mohnen D, Tierney ML (2011) Plant science. Plants get Hyp to O-glycosylation. Science 332, 1393-1394.
59. Molendijk AJ, Bischoff F, Rajendrakumar CS, Friml J, Braun M, Gilroy S, Palme K (2001) Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized to tips of root hairs and control polar growth. EMBO J. 20, 2779-2288.
60. Mølhøj M, Jørgensen B, Ulvskov P, Borkhardt B (2001) Two Arabidopsis thaliana genes, KOR2 and KOR3, which encode membrane-anchored endo-1, 4-beta-d-glucanases, are differentially expressed in developing leaf trichomes and their support cells. Plant Mol. Biol. 46, 263-275.
61. Moore I, Diefenthal T, Zarsky V, Schell J, Palme K (1997) A homolog of the mammalian GTPase Rab2 is present in Arabidopsis and is expressed predominantly in pollen grains and seedlings. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 762-767.
62. Mueller SC, Brown RM (1980) Evidence for an intramembrane component associated with a cellulose microfibril-synthesizing complex in higher plants. J. Cell Biol. 84, 315-326.
63. Newcomb EH, Bonnett HT (1965) Cytoplasmic microtubule and wall microfibril orientation in root hairs of radish. J. Cell Biol. 27, 575-589.
64. Nicol F, His I, Jauneau A, Vernhettes S, Canut H, Höfte H (1998) A plasma membrane-bound putative endo-1, 4-beta-d-glucanase is required for normal wall assembly and cell elongation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 17, 5563-5576.
65. Nielsen E (2006) Rab GTPases in plant endocytosis. Plant Endocyt. 1, 177-195.
66. Nielsen E (2009) Plant cell wall biogenesis during tip growth in root hair cells. Root Hairs 12, 1-18.
67. Nielsen E, Cheung AY, Ueda T (2008) The regulatory RAB and ARF GTPases for vesicular trafficking. Plant Physiol. 147, 1516-1526.
68. Ovecka M, Berson T, Beck M, Derksen J, Samaj J, Baluska F, Lichtscheidl IK (2010) Structural sterols are involved in both the initiation and tip growth of root hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 22, 2999-3019.
69. Pagant S, Bichet A, Sugimoto K (2002) KOBITO1 encodes a novel plasma membrane protein necessary for normal synthesis of cellulose during cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14, 2001-2013.
70. Pang CY, Wang H, Pang Y, Xu C, Jiao Y, Qin YM, Western TL, Yu SX, Zhu YX (2010) Comparative proteomics indicates that biosynthesis of pectic precursors is important for cotton fiber and Arabidopsis root hair elongation. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 9, 2019-2033.
71. Paredez AR, Somerville CR, Ehrhardt DW (2006) Visualization of cellulose synthase demonstrates functional association with microtubules. Science 312, 1491-1495.
72. Park YB, Cosgrove DJ (2012) Changes in cell wall biomechanical properties in the xyloglucan-deficient xxt1/xxt2 mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 158, 465-475.
73. Park S, Szumlanski AL, Gu F, Guo F, Nielsen E (2011) A role for CSLD3 during cell-wall synthesis in apical plasma membranes of tip-growing root-hair cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 973-980.
74. Parker JS, Cavell AC, Dolan L, Roberts K, Grierson CS (2000) Genetic interactions during root hair morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 12, 1961-1974.
75. Patriarca EJ, Tatè R, Ferraioli S, Iaccarino M (2004) Organogenesis of legume root nodules. Int. Rev. Cytol. 234, 201-262.
76. Pei W, Du F, Zhang Y, He T, Ren H (2012) Control of the actin cytoskeleton in root hair development. Plant Sci. 187, 10-18.
77. Peña MJ, Kong Y, York WS, O'Neill MA (2012) A galacturonic acid-containing xyloglucan is involved in arabidopsis root hair tip growth. Plant Cell 24, 4511-4524.
78. Persson S, Paredez A, Carroll A, Palsdottir H, Doblin M, Poindexter P, Khitrov N, Auer M, Somerville CR (2007) Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 15566-15571.
79. Pina C, Pinto F, Feijó JA, Becker JD (2005) Gene family analysis of the Arabidopsis pollen transcriptome reveals biological implications for cell growth, division control, and gene expression regulation. Plant Physiol. 138, 744-756.
80. Preuss ML, Serna J, Falbel TG, Bednarek SY, Nielsen E (2004) The Arabidopsis Rab GTPase RabA4b localizes to the tips of growing root hair cells. Plant Cell 16, 1589-1603.
81. Preuss ML, Schmitz AJ, Thole JM, Bonner HKS, Otegui MS, Nielsen E (2006) A role for the RabA4b effector protein PI-4Kbeta1 in polarized expansion of root hair cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Cell Biol. 172, 991-998.
82. Richmond TA, Somerville CR (2000) The cellulose synthase superfamily. Plant Physiol. 124, 495-498.
83. 2+ to label pectin in pollen tubes and Arabidopsis root hairs. Plant Physiol. 157, 175-187.
84. Ryu KH, Zheng X, Huang L, Schiefelbein JW (2013) Computational modeling of epidermal cell fate determination system. Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol. 16, 5-10.
85. Schallus T, Jaeckh C, Fehér K, Palma AS, Liu Y, Simpson JC, Mackeen M, Stier G, Gibson TJ, Feizi T Pieler T, Muhle-Goll C (2008) Malectin: A novel carbohydrate-binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum and a candidate player in the early steps of protein N-glycosylation. Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 3404-3414.
86. Schiefelbein JW, Somerville C (1990) Genetic control of root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cell 2, 235-243.
87. Schindelman G, Morikami A, Jung J, Baskin TI, Carpita NC, Derbyshire P, McCann MC, Benfey PN (2001) COBRA encodes a putative GPI-anchored protein, which is polarly localized and necessary for oriented cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev. 15, 1115-1127.
88. Somerville C (2006) Cellulose synthesis in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 22, 53-78.
89. Somerville C, Bauer S, Brininstool G, Facette M, Hamann T, Milne J, Osborne E, Paredez A, Persson S, Raab T Vorwerk S, Youngs H (2004) Toward a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls. Science 306, 2206-2211.
90. Sousa E, Kost B, Malhó R (2008) Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate 5-kinase 4 regulates pollen tube growth and polarity by modulating membrane recycling. Plant Cell 20, 3050-3064.
91. Sterling JD, Atmodjo MA, Inwood SE, Kumar Kolli VS, Quigley HF, Hahn MG, Mohnen D (2006) Functional identification of an Arabidopsis pectin biosynthetic homogalacturonan galacturonosyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 5236-5241.
92. Szumlanski AL, Nielsen E (2009) The Rab GTPase RabA4d regulates pollen tube tip growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 21, 526-544.
93. Szyjanowicz PMJ, McKinnon I, Taylor NG, Gardiner J, Jarvis MC, Turner SR (2004) The irregular xylem 2 mutant is an allele of korrigan that affects the secondary cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 37, 730-740.
94. Takeda S, Gapper C, Kaya H, Bell E, Kuchitsu K, Dolan L (2008) Local positive feedback regulation determines cell shape in root hair cells. Science 319, 1241-1244.
95. Thole JM, Vermeer JEM, Zhang Y, Gadella TWJ, Nielsen E (2008) Root hair defective4 encodes a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate phosphatase required for proper root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 20, 381-395.
96. Tian GW, Chen MH, Zaltsman A, Citovsky V (2006) Pollen-specific pectin methylesterase involved in pollen tube growth. Dev. Biol. 294, 83-91.
97. Tominaga-Wada R, Ishida T, Wada T (2011) New insights into the mechanism of development of Arabidopsis root hairs and trichomes. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. 286, 67-106.
98. Van Bruaene N, Joss G, Van Oostveldt P (2004) Reorganization and in vivo dynamics of microtubules during arabidopsis root hair development. Plant Physiol. 136, 3905-3919.
99. Velasquez SM, Ricardi MM, Dorosz JG, Fernandez PV, Nadra AD, Pol-Fachin L, Egelund J, Gille S, Harholt J, Ciancia M Verli H, Pauly M, Bacic A, Olsen CE, Ulvskov P, Petersen BL, Somerville C, Iusem ND, Estevez JM (2011) O-glycosylated cell wall proteins are essential in root hair growth. Science 332, 1401-1403.
100. Wang X, Cnops G, Vanderhaeghen R, De Block S, Van Montagu M, Van Lijsebettens M (2001) AtCSLD3, a cellulose synthase-like gene important for root hair growth in arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126, 575-586.
101. Wang W, Wang L, Chen C, Xiong G, Tan XY, Yang KZ, Wang ZC, Zhou Y, Ye D, Chen LQ (2011) Arabidopsis CSLD1 and CSLD4 are required for cellulose deposition and normal growth of pollen tubes. J. Exp. Bot. 62, 5161-5177.
102. Won SK, Lee YJ, Lee HY, Heo YK, Cho M, Cho HT (2009) Cis-element- and transcriptome-based screening of root hair-specific genes and their functional characterization in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 150, 1459-1473.
103. Won SK, Choi SB, Kumari S, Cho M, Lee SH, Cho HT (2010) Root hair-specific EXPANSIN B genes have been selected for Graminaceae root hairs. Mol. Cells 30, 369-376.
104. Wymer C, Bibikova T, Gilroy S (1997) Cytoplasmic free calcium distributions during the development of root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 12, 427-439.
105. Ye J, Zheng Y, Yan A, Chen N, Wang Z, Huang S, Yang Z (2009) Arabidopsis formin3 directs the formation of actin cables and polarized growth in pollen tubes. Plant Cell 21, 3868-3884.
106. Yi K, Guo C, Chen D, Zhao B, Yang B, Ren H (2005) Cloning and functional characterization of a formin-like protein (AtFH8) from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 138, 1071-1082.
107. Yin L, Verhertbruggen Y, Oikawa A, Manisseri C, Knierim B, Prak L, Jensen JK, Knox JP, Auer M, Willats WG, Scheller HV (2011) The cooperative activities of CSLD2, CSLD3, and CSLD5 are required for normal Arabidopsis development. Mol. Plant 4, 1024-1037.
108. Yoo CM, Quan L, Blancaflor EB (2012) Divergence and redundancy in CSLD2 and CSLD3 function during Arabidopsis thaliana root hair and female gametophyte development. Front. Plant Sci. 3, 111.
109. Zabotina OA, Van de Ven WTG, Freshour G, Drakakaki G, Cavalier D, Mouille G, Hahn MG, Keegstra K, Raikhel NV (2008) Arabidopsis XXT5 gene encodes a putative alpha-1, 6-xylosyltransferase that is involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis. Plant J. 56, 101-115.
110. Zabotina OA, Avci U, Cavalier D, Pattathil S, Chou YH, Eberhard S, Danhof L, Keegstra K, Hahn MG (2012) Mutations in multiple XXT genes of Arabidopsis reveal the complexity of xyloglucan biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 159, 1367-1384.
111. Zhang B, Zhou Y (2011) Rice brittleness mutants: A way to open the "black box" of monocot cell wall biosynthesis. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 53, 136-142.
112. Zheng Y, Xin H, Lin J, Liu CM, Huang S (2012) An Arabidopsis class II formin, AtFH19, nucleates actin assembly, binds to the barbed end of actin filaments, and antagonizes the effect of AtFH1 on actin dynamics. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 54, 800-813.
113. Zuo J, Niu Q, Nishizawa N, Wu Y, Kost B, Chua N (2000) KORRIGAN, an Arabidopsis endo-1, 4-d-glucanase, localizes to the cell plate by polarized targeting and is essential for cytokinesis. Plant Cell 12, 1137-1152.