Source characterization and possible emplacement mechanism of collision-related Gangotri Leucogranite along Bhagirathi Valley, NW-Himalaya

Journal of the Virtual Explorer

Volumn 11, Issue , 2003, Pages

  Singh, Sandeep ^a   Mukherjee, P K ^b   Jain, A K ^a   Khanna, P P ^b   Saini, N K ^b   Kumar, Rajeev ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE   (India)

^b WADIA INSTITUTE OF HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Collisional magmatism; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Higher Himalayan Leucogranite belt; Himalayan granites

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883673486     PISSN: 14418126     EISSN: 14418142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3809/jvirtex.2003.00067     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Auden, J.B. (1935) Traverses in the Himalaya. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v. 69, pp. 123-167.
2. Auden, J.B. (1949) General report of G.S.I. for 1939. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v. 78, pp. 74-78.
3. Chappel, B.W. and White, A. J. R. (1992) I-and S-type granites in Lachland Fold belt. Trans. Royal. Soc. Edinberg (ES) v. 83, pp. 1-26.
4. Clark, DB., Macdonald, MA., Reynolds, PH., and Longstaffe, FJ., (1993). Leucogranites in the Lachlan fold belt. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg (ES), v. 83, pp. 1-26.
5. Debon, F., Le Fort, P., Sheppard, S.M.F. and Sonet, J. (1986) The four plutonic belts of the Transhimalaya-Himalaya: A chemical, mineralogical, isotopic and chronological synthesis along a Tibet-Nepal section. J. Petrol., v. 27, pp. 219-250.
6. Deniel, C., Vidal, P., Fernandez, A., Le Fort, P. and Peucat, J.J. (1987) Isotopic study of the Manaslu granite (Himalaya, Nepal): Inferences on the age and source of Himalayan leucogranites. Contrib. Miner. Petrol., v. 96, pp. 78-92.
7. England, P., Le Fort, P., Molnar, P. and Pecher, A. (1992) Heat source for Tertiary metamorphism and anatexis in the Annapurna-Manaslu region (central Nepal). J. Geophys. Res., v. 97, pp. 2107-2128.
8. France-Lanord, C. and Le Fort, P. (1988) Crustal Melting granite and genesis during the Himalayan collision orogenesis. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh (Earth Sci.), v. 79, pp. 183-195.
9. France-Lanord, C., Sheppard, S.M.F. and Le Fort, P. (1988) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope variations in the High Himalaya peraluminous Manaslu leucogranite: evidence for heterogeneous sedimentary source. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 52, pp. 513-526.
10. Gardien, V., Thompson, A.B., Grujic, D. and Ulmer, P. (1995) Experimental melting of biotite + plagioclase + quartz ± muscovite assemblages and implications for crustal melting. Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 100, pp. 15581-15591.
11. Gareipy, C., Allegre, C.J. and Xu, R.H. (1985) The Pb-isotope geochemistry of granitoids from the Himalaya-Tibet collision zone: implications for crustal evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 74, pp. 220-234.
12. Griesbach, C.L., 1893. Notes on the Central Himalaya. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v. 26, pp. 19-25.
13. Gulliot, S. and Le Fort, P. (1995) Geochemical constraints on the bimodal origin of High Himalayan leucogranites. Lithos, v. 35, pp. 231-234.
14. Gulliot, S., Cosca, M., Allemand, P. and Le Fort, P. (1999) Contrasting metamorphic and geochronologic evolution along the Himalayan belt. In: Macfarlane, A., Sorkhabi, R.B. and Quade, J. (Eds.) Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain roots to mountain tops. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 328, pp. 117-128.
15. Harris, N. and Massey, J. (1994) Decompression and anatexis of Himalayan metapelites. Tectonics, v. 13, pp. 1537-1546.
16. Harris, N., Inger, S. and Massey, J. (1993) The role of fluids in the formation of High Himalayan leucogranites. In: Treloar, P.J. and Searle, M.P. (Eds.) Himalayan Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. No. 74, pp. 391-400.
17. Harrison, T. M., Lovera, O.M. and Groove, M. (1997) New insights into the origin of two contrasting Himalayan granite belts. Geology, v. 25, pp. 899-902.
18. Harrison, T.M., Grove, M., Lovera, O.M., Catlos, E.J. and D'Andrea, J. (1999) The origin of Himalayan anatexis and inverted metamorphism: Models and constraints. J. Asian Earth Sci., v. 17, pp. 755-772.
19. Heim, A. and Gansser, A (1939) Central Himalaya-Geological observations of Swiss Expedition 1936. Mem. Soc. Helve. Sci. Nat., v. 73, 245 pp.
20. Hodges, K.V. (2000) Tectonics of the Himalaya and southern Tibet from two decades perspectives. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 112, pp. 324-350.
21. Hodges, K.V., Parrish, R.R., Housh, T.B., Lux, D.R., Burchfiel, B.C., Royden, L.H. and Chen, Z. (1992) Simultaneous Miocene extension and shortening in the Himalayan orogeny. Science, v. 258, pp. 1466-1470.
22. Hollister, L.S. and Crawford, M.L. (1986) Melt enhanced deformation: a major tectonic process. Geology, v. 14(7), pp. 558-561.
23. Inger, S. and Harris, N.B.W. (1992) Tectonothermal evolution of the High Himalayan crystalline sequence, Langtang Valley, northern Nepal. J. Metam. Geol., v. 10, pp. 439-452.
24. Inger, S. and Harris, N. (1993) Geochemical constraints on leucogranite magmatism in the Langtang valley, Nepal Himalaya. J. Petrol., v. 34, pp. 345-368.
25. Jain, A. K., Kumar, D., Singh, S., Kumar, A. and Lal, N. (2000) Timing, quantification and tectonic modeling of Pliocene Quaternary movements in the NW Himalaya: evidences from fission track dating. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 179, pp. 437-451.
26. Jain, A. K., Singh, S. and Manickavasagam, RM. (in press) Himalayan Collision Tectonics, Bhagirathi Valley Garhwal. Gondwan Research Group Memoir No. 2002
27. Johannes, W. and Holtz, F. (1990) Formation and composition of H2O-undersaturated granitic melt. In: Asworth, J.R. and Brown, M. (eds) High temperature metamorphism and crustal anatexis, London; Unwin Hyman, pp. 87-104.
28. Jurewicz, W. and Watson, EB. (1984). Distribution of partial melt in felsic system: Importance of surface energy. Contrib. Min. Petrol., v. 85, pp. 125-129.
29. Jurewicz, W. and Watson, EB. (1985). The distribution of partial melt in granitic system: the application of liquid phase sintering theory. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 49, pp. 1109-1121.
30. Kai, K. (1981) Rb-sr geochronology of the rocks of the Himalayas, Eastern Nepal. Part I. The metamorphic age of Himalayan Gneiss. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy, v. 47, pp. 135-148.
31. Kwatra, S. K., Singh, S., Singh, V. P., Sharma, R. K., Rai, B. and Kishor, N. (1999) Geochemical and geochronological characteristics of the Early Palaeozoic Granitoids From Sutlej-Baspa Valley, Himachal Himalaya. In: Jain, A.K. and Manickavasagam, RM. (Eds.) Geodynamics of the NW-Himalaya, Gondwana Res. Group Mem. 6, pp. 145-158.
32. Le Fort, P. (1975) Himalayas: The collided range, Present knowledge of the continental arc. Amer. J. Sci., v. 275, pp.1-44.
33. Le Fort, P. (1981) Manaslu leucogranite: A collision signature of the Himalaya. A model for its genesis and emplacement. J. Geophys. Res., v. 86, pp. 10, 545-10, 568.
34. Le Fort, P. (1988) Granites in the tectonic evolution of Himalaya, Karakoram and southern Tibet. In: Tectonic evolution of the Himalayas and Tibet. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, v. 326, pp. 281-299.
35. Le Fort, P., Cuney, M., Deniel, C., Lanords, C.F., Sheppard, N.F., Upreti, B. N. and Vidal, P. (1987) Crustal generation of the Himalayan leucogranite. Tectonophysics, v. 134, pp. 39-57.
36. Le Preton, N. and Thompson, A.B. (1988) Fluid-absent (dehydration) melting of biotite in metapelites in the early stages of crustal anatexis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 99, pp. 226-237.
37. McMahon, C.A. (1884) Microscopic structures of some Himalayan granites and gneissose granites. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v. 17, pp. 53-73.
38. Noble, S.R., and Searle, M.P. (1995) Age of crustal melting and leucogranite formation from U-Pb zircon and monazite dating in the Western Himalaya, Zanskar, India. Geology, v. 23 (12), pp. 1135-1138.
39. Odell, N.E. (1983) On the occurrence of granites in the Himalayan Mountains. In: Shams, F.A. (Ed.) Granites of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush. pp. 1-10.
40. Pande, K. (1999) Present status of K-Ar and 40Ar-39Ar data from the Himalaya In: Jain, A.K. and Manickavasagam, R.M. (Eds.) Geodynamics of the NW-Himalaya. Gondwana Res. Group Mem. No. 6, pp. 237-244.
41. Pant, R. (1986) Petrochemistry and petrogenesis of the Gangotri granite and associated granitoids, Garhwal Himalaya. Unpubl. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Roorkee, India. 120 pp.
42. Pant, R. and Dave, V.K.S. (1992) Petrochemistry and petrogenesis of tourmaline-muscovite leucogranite of Gangotri, Uttarkashi district, Garhwal. Bull. Indian Geol. Assoc., v. 25(1-2), pp. 159-167.
43. Patino Douce, A.E. and Harris, N. (1998) Experimental constraints on Himalayan anatexis. J. Petrol., v. 39, pp. 904-911.
44. Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G. (1984) Trace element discrimination diagram for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Petrol., v. 25, pp. 956-983.
45. Pognante, U. (1993) Different P-T-t paths and leucogranite occurrences along the High Himalayan Crystallines: Implications for subduction and collision along the northern Indian margin. Geodynamica Acta, v. 6(1), pp. 5-17.
46. Pognante, U., Genovese, G., Lombardo, B. and Rosetti, P. (1987) Preliminary data on the High Himalayan Crystallines along the Padam-Darcha traverse south eastern Zanskar, India. Rend. Soc. Ital. Miner. Petrol., v. 42, pp. 95-102.
47. Pichavant, M. and Montel, JM. (1988). Petrogenesis of a two mica ignimbrite suite: the Macusani volcanics, SE Peru. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg (ES), v. 79, pp. 197-208.
48. Pichavant, M., Kontak, JD., Briqueu, L., Valencia herrara, J. and Clark, AH. (1988). The Macusani volcanics, SE Peru, II. Geochemistry and origin of a felsic peraluminous magma. Cont. Min. Petrol., v. 100, pp. 325-338.
49. Rathi, MS., Khanna, PP., Mukherjee, PK., and Saini, NK, (1996) Evaluation of REE determination in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v. 48, pp. 325-330.
50. Saini et al (2002)
51. Scaillet B., France-Lanord C. and Le Fort P. (1990) Badrinath-Gangotri plutons (Garhwal Himalaya): Petrological and geochemistry evidence for fractionation processes in a high Himalayan leucogranite. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res., v. 44 (1/2), pp. 163-188.
52. Scaillet B., Pichavant, M. and Roux, J. (1995) Experimental crystallization of leucogranite magma. Jour. Petrol., v. 36, pp. 663-705.
53. Searle, M.P. (1991): Geology and Tectonics of the Karakoram Mountains. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 358 pp.
54. Searle, M.P and Fryer, B.J. (1986) Garnet, tourmaline, and muscovie-bearing leucogranites, gneisses and migmatites of the Higher Himalaya from Zanskar, Kulu, Lahoul and Kashmir In: Cowards, M.P. and Ries, A.C. (Eds.) Collision Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. No. 19, pp. 185-201.
55. Searle, M.P. and Rex, A.J. (1989) Thermal model of the Zanskar Himalaya. J. Metam. Geol., v. 7, pp. 124-134.
56. Searle, M.P., Cooper, D.J.W and Rex, A.J. (1988) Collision tectonics of the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalaya. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, v. A326, pp. 117-150.
57. Searle, M.P., Metcalfe, R.P., Rex, A.J. and Norry, M.J. (1993) Field relations, petrogenesis and emplacement of the Bhagirathi leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya In: Treloar, P.J. and Searle, M.P. (Eds.) Himalayan Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. No. 74, pp. 429-444.
58. Searle, M.P., Parrish, R.R., Hodges, K.V., Hurford, A., Ayres, M.W. and Whitehouse, M.J. (1997) Shishma Pangma Leucogranite, South Tibetan Himalaya: field relations, geochemistry, age, origin and emplacement. J. Geol., v. 105, pp. 295-317.
59. Searle, M.P., Noble, S.R., Hurford, A.J. and Rex, D.C. (1999) Age of crustal melting, emplacement and exhumation history of the Shivling leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya. Geol. Mag, v. 136 (5), pp. 513-525.
60. Seitz J.R., Tiwari, A.P. and Obradovich, K. (1976) A note on the absolute age of the tourmaline-granite, Arwa Valley Garhwal Himalaya-Geol. Surv. India Misc. Publ. v. 24 pp. 332-337.
61. Singh, R. P., 1986. Rb-Sr dating and Sr isotopic studies of some granites and gneisses of Kumaun and Garhwal Himalaya, U.P., India. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
62. Singh, S. (2001) Status of geochronological studies in Himalaya: a review. J. Indian Geophys. Union., v. 5 (1), pp. 57-72.
63. Sorkhabi, R.B., Stump, E., Foland, K.A. and Jain, A.K. (1996) Fission-track and 40Ar/39Ar evidence for episodic denudation of the Gangotri granites in the Garhwal Higher Himalaya, India. Tectonophysics, v. 260, pp. 187-199.
64. Sorkhabi, R.B., Stump, E., Foland, K.A. and Jain, A.K. (1999) Tectonic and cooling history of the Garhwal Higher Himalaya (Bhagirathi valley): constraining from thermochronological data In: Jain, A.K. and Manickavasagam, R.M. (Eds.) Geodynamics of the NW-Himalaya. Gondwana Res. Group Mem. No. 6, pp. 217-235.
65. Stern, C. R., Kligfield, R., Schelling, D., Virdi, N.S., Futa, K., Peterman, Z. E. and Amini, H. (1989) The Bhagirathi leucogranite of the High Himalaya (Garhwal, India): Age, petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Geol. Soc. Amer. Specl. Paper 232, pp. 33-45.
66. Vidal, Ph. (1978) Rb-Sr systematics in granites from Central Nepal (Manaslu): significance of the Oligocene age and high 87Sr/86Sr ratio in Himalayan Orogeny: comment. Geology, v. 6(4), pp. 196-200.
67. Wadia, D.N. (1928) The geology of the Poonch State, Kashmir and adjacent parts of the Panjab. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v. 51, 233 pp.
68. Wadia, D.N. (1957) Geology of the India. McMillan & Co., London, 536pp.
69. Wendt, I. (1969) Derivation of the formula for a regression line based on a least square analysis. Internal. Rep. Bundesantalt Fur Bodenforschung, Hanover, West Germany.
70. Wickham, SM. (1987) The segregation and emplacement of granitic magma., Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 144, pp. 281-297.
71. Zen, E-AN (1986), aluminium enrichment in silicate melts by fractional crystallization: some mineralogic and petrographic constraints, Jour. Petrol., v. 27, pp. 1095-1117.