The effectiveness of aerobic training, cognitive behavioural therapy, and energy conservation management in treating MS-related fatigue: The design of the TREFAMS-ACE programme

Trials

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Beckerman, Heleen ^a,b   Blikman, L J M ^c   Heine, M ^e   Malekzadeh, A ^a   Teunissen, C E ^a   Bussmann, J B J ^c   Kwakkel, G ^e   van Meeteren, J ^c   de Groot, V ^a   Looijmans, M ^a   Sanches, S A ^a   Dekker, J ^a   Collette, E H ^a   van Oosten, B W ^a   Blankenstein, M A ^a   Eijssen, I C J M ^a   Rietberg, M ^a   van de Port, I G L ^e   Lindeman, E ^e   Stam, H J ^c   Hintzen, R Q ^c   Hacking, H G A ^f   Frequin, S T F M ^f   Hoogervorst, E ^f   de Jong, B A ^g   Knoop, J H ^g   Bleijenberg, G ^g   de Laat, F A J ^h   Aarts, G J ⁱ   more..

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b MS Center Amsterdam   (Netherlands)

^c ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^f ST ANTONIUS HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^g RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^h Revalidatiecentrum Leijpark   (Netherlands)

ⁱ University Medical Center St Radboud ^*  (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Aerobic training; Biomarkers; Cognitive behavioural therapy; Cortisol; Cytokines; Energy conservation management; Fatigue; HPA axis; Multiple sclerosis; Randomised controlled trial; Rehabilitation medicine

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AEROBIC EXERCISE; AGED; AMBULATORY CARE; ARTICLE; BICYCLE ERGOMETER; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; COOLING; COPING BEHAVIOR; ENERGY CONSERVATION; FATIGUE; FATIGUE SEVERITY SCALE; FEMALE; FITNESS; HUMAN; IMPACT ON PARTICIPATION AND AUTONOMY QUESTIONNAIRE; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSIOTHERAPIST; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SALIVA; SAMPLING; SELF CONCEPT; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; SLEEP WAKING CYCLE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; WARMING;

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; CHECKLIST; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; COST OF ILLNESS; ENERGY METABOLISM; EXERCISE THERAPY; FATIGUE; HUMANS; NETHERLANDS; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH DESIGN; SOCIAL PARTICIPATION; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84883537675     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17456215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-250     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:938-952. 10.1056/NEJM200009283431307, 11006371.
2. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2008, 372:1502-1517. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7, 18970977.
3. Koch-Henriksen N, Sorensen PS. The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:520-532. 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70064-8, 20398859.
4. De Groot V, Beckerman H, Twisk JW, Uitdehaag BM, Hintzen RQ, Minneboo A, Lankhorst GJ, Polman CH, Bouter LM. Vitality, perceived social support and disease activity determine the performance of social roles in recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal analysis. J Rehabil Med 2008, 40:151-157. 10.2340/16501977-0145, 18509581.
5. Kos D, Kerckhofs E, Nagels G, D'Hooghe MB, Ilsbroukx S. Origin of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: review of the literature. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008, 22:91-100.
6. Stuke K, Flachenecker P, Zettl UK, Elias WG, Freidel M, Haas J, Pitschnau-Michel D, Schimrigk S, Rieckmann P. Symptomatology of MS: results from the German MS registry. J Neurol 2009, 256:1932-1935. 10.1007/s00415-009-5257-5, 19629565.
7. DeLuca J. Fatigue: its definition, its study, and its future. Fatigue as a window to the brain 2005, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, DeLuca J.
8. Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis: evidence-based management strategies for fatigue in multiple sclerosis 1998, Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America, Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines.
9. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue in neurological disorders. Lancet 2004, 363:978-988. 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15794-2, 15043967.
10. Krupp LB, Christodoulou C, Schombert H. Multiple sclerosis and fatigue. Fatigue as a window to the brain 2005, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, DeLuca J.
11. Sternberg Z. Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in multiple sclerosis, linking neurodegeneration to a reduced response to therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2012, 18:1635-1644. 10.2174/138161212799958639, 22272817.
12. Huitinga I, van der Cammen M, Salm L, Erkut Z, van Dam A, Tilders F, Swaab D. IL-1beta immunoreactive neurons in the human hypothalamus: reduced numbers in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2000, 107:8-20. 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00248-4, 10808046.
13. Gottschalk M, Kümpfel T, Flachenecker P, Uhr M, Trenkwalder C, Holsboer F, Weber F. Fatigue and regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005, 62:277-280. 10.1001/archneur.62.2.277, 15710856.
14. Induruwa I, Constantinescu CS, Gran B. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis - a brief review. J Neurol Sci 2012, 323:9-15. 10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.007, 22935407.
15. Amato MP, Portaccio E. Management options in multiple sclerosis-associated fatigue. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012, 13:207-216. 10.1517/14656566.2012.647767, 22220738.
16. Dodd KJ, Taylor NF, Shields N, Prasad D, McDonald E, Gillon A. Progressive resistance training did not improve walking but can improve muscle performance, quality of life and fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler 2011, 17:1362-1374. 10.1177/1352458511409084, 21677021.
17. Dalgas U, Stenager E, Jakobsen J, Petersen T, Hansen HJ, Knudsen C, Overgaard K, Ingemann-Hansen T. Fatigue, mood and quality of life improve in MS patients after progressive resistance training. Mult Scler 2010, 16:480-490. 10.1177/1352458509360040, 20194584.
18. Cakt BD, Nacir B, Genç H, Saraçoǧlu M, Karagöz A, Erdem HR, Ergün U. Cycling progressive resistance training for people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2010, 89:446-457. 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181d3e71f, 20216060.
19. Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, Spencer MK, Mino L, Hicks RW. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996, 39:432-441. 10.1002/ana.410390405, 8619521.
20. Andreasen AK, Stenager E, Dalgas U. The effect of exercise therapy on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011, 17:1041-1054. 10.1177/1352458511401120, 21467189.
21. Rietberg MB, Brooks D, Uitdehaag BM, Kwakkel G. Exercise therapy for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, 1. CD003980.
22. Hayes HA, Gappmaier E, LaStayo PC. Effects of high-intensity resistance training on strength, mobility, balance, and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Neurol Phys Ther 2011, 35:2-10. 10.1097/NPT.0b013e31820b5a9d, 21475078.
23. Van Kessel K, Moss-Morris R, Willoughby E, Chalder T, Johnson MH, Robinson E. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for multiple sclerosis fatigue. Psychosom Med 2008, 70:205-213. 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181643065, 18256342.
24. Mathiowetz VG, Finlayson ML, Matuska KM, Chen HY, Luo P. Randomized controlled trial of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2005, 11:592-601. 10.1191/1352458505ms1198oa, 16193899.
25. Mathiowetz VG, Matuska KM, Finlayson ML, Luo P, Chen HY. One-year follow-up to a randomized controlled trial of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis. Int J Rehabil Res 2007, 30:305-313. 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282f14434, 17975450.
26. Finlayson M, Preissner K, Cho C, Plow M. Randomized trial of a teleconference-delivered fatigue management program for people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011, 17:1130-1140. 10.1177/1352458511404272, 21561960.
27. Neill J, Belan I, Ried K. Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2006, 56:617-635. Erratum in: J Adv Nurs 2007, 57:225, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04054.x, 17118041.
28. Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Schulz KF, Ravaud P, CONSORT Group Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2008, 148:295-309. 10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008, 18283207, CONSORT Group.
29. Heine M, Rietberg MB, Van Wegen EEH, Port IGL Van D, Kwakkel G. Exercise therapy for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012, 7:CD009956.
30. Blikman LJ, Huisstede BM, Kooijmans H, Stam HJ, Bussmann JBJ, Van Meeteren J. Effectiveness of energy conservation treatment in reducing fatigue in multiple sclerosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013, 94:1360-1376. 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.01.025, 23399455.
31. Gold SM, Krüger S, Ziegler KJ, Krieger T, Schulz KH, Otte C, Heesen C. Endocrine and immune substrates of depressive symptoms and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients with comorbid major depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2011, 82:814-818. 10.1136/jnnp.2010.230029, 21296901.
32. Heesen C, Nawrath L, Reich C, Bauer N, Schulz KH, Gold SM. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: an example of cytokine mediated sickness behaviour?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2006, 77:34-39. 10.1136/jnnp.2005.065805, 2117393, 16361589.
33. Flachenecker P, Bihler I. Cytokine mRNA expression in patients with MS and fatigue. Mult Scler 2004, 10:165-169. 10.1191/1352458504ms991oa, 15124762.
34. Stranahan AM, Lee K, Mattson MP. Central mechanisms of HPA axis regulation by voluntary exercise. Neuromolecular Med 2008, 10:118-127. 10.1007/s12017-008-8027-0, 3010733, 18273712.
35. Castellano V, Patel DI, White LJ. Cytokine responses to acute and chronic exercise in multiple sclerosis. J Appl Physiol 2008, 104:1697-1702. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00954.2007, 18388249.
36. Skerrett TN, Moss-Morris R. Fatigue and social impairment in multiple sclerosis: the role of patients' cognitive and behavioral responses to their symptoms. J Psychosom Res 2006, 61:587-593. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.018, 17084135.
37. Packer T, Brink N, Sauriol A. Managing fatigue: a six-week course for energy conservation 1995, Tucson, AZ: Therapy Skill Builders.
38. Fischer A, Heesen C, Gold SM. Biological outcome measurements for behavioral interventions in multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011, 4:217-229. 10.1177/1756285611405252, 3131172, 21765872.
39. Malekzadeh A, de Groot V, Beckerman H, van Oosten BW, Blankenstein MA, Teunissen C. Challenges in multi-plex and mono-plex platforms for the discovery of inflammatory profiles in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods 2012, 56:508-513. 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.03.017, 22465283.
40. American College of Sports Medicine ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 2010, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 8, American College of Sports Medicine.
41. Voet NB, Bleijenberg G, Padberg GW, van Engelen BG, Geurts AC. Effect of aerobic exercise training and cognitive behavioural therapy on reduction of chronic fatigue in patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy: protocol of the FACTS-2-FSHD trial. BMC Neurol 2010, 10:56. 10.1186/1471-2377-10-56, 2906431, 20591139.
42. Koopman FS, Beelen A, Gerrits KH, Bleijenberg G, Abma TA, de Visser M, Nollet F. Exercise therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy to improve fatigue, daily activity performance and quality of life in postpoliomyelitis syndrome: the protocol of the FACTS-2-PPS trial. BMC Neurol 2010, 10:8. 10.1186/1471-2377-10-8, 2821386, 20082714.
43. Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Cognitieve gedragstherapie voor chronische vermoeidheid bij MS patiënten 2011, Nijmeegs Kenniscentrum Chronische Vermoeidheid: Behandelprotocol. Nijmegen.
44. Prins JB, Bleijenberg G, Bazelmans E, Elving LD, de Boo TM, Severens JL, van der Wilt GJ, Spinhoven P, van der Meer JW. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001, 357:841-847. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04198-2, 11265953.
45. Huibers MJ, Beurskens AJ, Van Schayck CP, Bazelmans E, Metsemakers JF, Knottnerus JA, Bleijenberg G. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy by general practitioners for unexplained fatigue among employees: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatr 2004, 184:240-246.
46. Stulemeijer M, De Jong LW, Fiselier TJ, Hoogveld SW, Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2005, 330:14. Erratum in: BMJ 2005, 330:820, 10.1136/bmj.38301.587106.63, 539840, 15585538.
47. Gielissen MF, Verhagen S, Witjes F, Bleijenberg G. Effects of cognitive behavior therapy in severely fatigued disease-free cancer patients compared with patients waiting for cognitive behavior therapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:4882-4887. 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.8270, 17050873.
48. Goedendorp MM, Peters ME, Gielissen MF, Witjes JA, Leer JW, Verhagen CA, Bleijenberg G. Is increasing physical activity necessary to diminish fatigue during cancer treatment? comparing cognitive behavior therapy and a brief nursing intervention with usual care in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Oncologist 2010, 15:1122-1132. 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0092, 3227893, 20930100.
49. Jacobs HM, Luttik A, Touw-Otten FW, De Melker RA. [The sickness impact profile; results of an evaluation study of the Dutch version]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1990, 134:1950-1954.
50. Van der Ploeg E, Mooren TT, Kleber RJ, van der Velden PG, Brom D. Construct validation of the Dutch version of the impact of event scale. Psychol Assess 2004, 16:16-26.
51. Buchi S, Sensky T, Sharpe L, Timberlake N. Graphic representation of illness: a novel method of measuring patients' perceptions of the impact of illness. Psychother Psychosom 1998, 67:222-225. 10.1159/000012284, 9693349.
52. Evers AW, Kraaimaat FW, van Lankveld W, Jongen PJ, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW. Beyond unfavorable thinking: the illness cognition questionnaire for chronic diseases. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001, 69:1026-1036.
53. Knoop H, van Kessel K, Moss-Morris R. Which cognitions and behaviours mediate the positive effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis?. Psychol Med 2012, 42:205-213. 10.1017/S0033291711000924, 21672300.
54. Dennison L, Moss-Morris R, Silber E, Galea I, Chalder T. Cognitive and behavioural correlates of different domains of psychological adjustment in early-stage multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res 2010, 69:353-361. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.009, 20846536.
55. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983, 67:361-370. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x, 6880820.
56. Herschbach P, Berg P, Dankert A, Duran G, Engst-Hastreiter U, Waadt S, Keller M, Ukat R, Henrich G. Fear of progression in chronic diseases: psychometric properties of the fear of progression questionnaire. J Psychosom Res 2005, 58:505-511. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.02.007, 16125517.
57. Kwakkenbos L, van den Hoogen FH, Custers J, Prins J, Vonk MC, van Lankveld WG, Becker ES, van den Ende CH. Validity of the fear of progression questionnaire-short form in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012, 64:930-934.
58. Jacobsen PB, Azzarello LM, Hann DM. Relation of catastrophizing to fatigue severity in women with breast cancer. Canc Res Ther Contr 1999, 8:155-164.
59. Jacobsen PB, Andrykowski MA, Thors CL. Relationship of catastrophizing to fatigue among women receiving treatment for breast cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol 2004, 72:355-361. 2562276, 15065968.
60. Ray C, Weir W, Stewart D, Miller P, Hyde G. Ways of coping with chronic fatigue syndrome: development of an illness management questionnaire. Soc Sci Med 1993, 37:385-391. 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90268-9, 8356486.
61. Aaronson NK, Muller M, Cohen PD, Essink-Bot ML, Fekkes M, Sanderman R, Sprangers MA, te Velde A, Verrips E. Translation, validation, and norming of the Dutch language version of the SF-36 health survey in community and chronic disease populations. J Clin Epidemiol 1998, 51:1055-1068. 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00097-3, 9817123.
62. Vercoulen JH, Hommes OR, Swanink CM, Jongen PJ, Fennis JF, Galama JM, van der Meer JW, Bleijenberg G. The measurement of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. a multidimensional comparison with patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy subjects. Arch Neurol 1996, 53:642-649. 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550070080014, 8929171.
63. Van Sonderen E. Sociale Steun Lijst-Interacties (SSL-I) en Sociale Steun Lijst -Discrepanties (SSL-D) 1993, Groningen: Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken.
64. Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess 1995, 7:532.
65. Corry M, McKenna M, Duggan M. The role of the clinical nurse specialist in MS: a literature review. Br J Nurs 2011, 20:86-93.
66. Beurskens AJ, Bultmann U, Kant I, Vercoulen JH, Bleijenberg G, Swaen GM. Fatigue among working people: validity of a questionnaire measure. Occup Environ Med 2000, 57:353-357. 10.1136/oem.57.5.353, 1739950, 10769302.
67. Rietberg MB, Van Wegen EE, Kwakkel G. Measuring fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: reproducibility, responsiveness and concurrent validity of three Dutch self-report questionnaires. Disabil Rehabil 2010, 32:1870-1876. Erratum in: Disabil Rehabil 2011, 33:1298, 10.3109/09638281003734458, 20345240.
68. Elbers RG, Rietberg MB, van Wegen EE, Verhoef J, Kramer SF, Terwee CB, Kwakkel G. Self-report fatigue questionnaires in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and stroke: a systematic review of measurement properties. Qual Life Res 2012, 21:925-944. 10.1007/s11136-011-0009-2, 3389599, 22012025.
69. Cardol M, Beelen A, van den Bos GA, de Jong BA, de Groot IJ, de Haan RJ. Responsiveness of the impact on participation and autonomy questionnaire. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83:1524-1529. 10.1053/apmr.2002.35099, 12422319.
70. Magasi S, Post MW. A comparative review of contemporary participation measures' psychometric properties and content coverage. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010, 9:S17-S28.
71. Kos D, Kerckhofs E, Nagels G, D'Hooghe BD, Duquet W, Duportail M, Ketelaer P. Assessing fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Dutch modified fatigue impact scale. Acta Neurol Belg 2003, 103:185-191.
72. Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol 1989, 46:1121-1123. 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022, 2803071.
73. Van Bennekom CA, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ, Bouter LM. The Rehabilitation activities profile: a validation study of its use as a disability index with stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995, 76:501-507. 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80502-8, 7763147.
74. Finlayson M, Preissner K, Cho C. Outcome moderators of a fatigue management program for people with multiple sclerosis. Am J Occup Ther 2012, 66:187-197. 10.5014/ajot.2012.003160, 22394528.
75. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983, 33:1444-1452. 10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444, 6685237.
76. Linn BS, Linn MW, Gurel L. Cumulative illness rating scale. J Am Geriatr Soc 1968, 16:622-626.
77. De Groot V, Beckerman H, Lankhorst GJ, Bouter LM. How to measure comorbidity. A critical review of available methods. J Clin Epidemiol 2003, 56:221-229. 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00585-1, 12725876.
78. Beatty WW, Goodkin DE. Screening for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. an evaluation of the mini-mental state examination. Arch Neurol 1990, 47:297-301. 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530030069018, 2310313.
79. Van der Ploeg HP, Streppel KR, van der Beek AJ, van der Woude LH, Vollenbroek-Hutten M, van Mechelen W. The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: test-retest reliability and comparison with an accelerometer. J Phys Act Health 2007, 4:96-100.
80. Washburn RA, Zhu W, McAuley E, Frogley M, Figoni SF. The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: development and evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83:193-200. 10.1053/apmr.2002.27467, 11833022.
81. Fournier M, De Ridder D, Bensing J. Optimism and adaptation to chronic disease: the role of optimism in relation to self-care options of type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Br J Health Psychol 2002, 7:409-432. 10.1348/135910702320645390, 12614494.
82. Cohan SL, Jang KL, Stein MB. Confirmatory factor analysis of a short form of the coping inventory for stressful situations. J Clin Psychol 2006, 62:273-283. 10.1002/jclp.20211, 16299755.
83. Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio 1995, 35-37. Weinman J, Wright S, Johnston M, Windsor: Causal and control beliefs, 3473319, 22726578.
84. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991, 14:540-545.
85. Broadbent E, Petrie KJ, Main J, Weinman J. The brief illness perception questionnaire. J Psychosom Res 2006, 60:631-637. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020, 16731240.
86. Teunissen CE, Petzold A, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, Franciotta D, Frederiksen JL, Fleming JO, Furlan R, Hintzen RQ, Hughes SG, Johnson MH, Krasulova E, Kuhle J, Magnone MC, Rajda C, Rejdak K, Schmidt HK, van Pesch V, Waubant E, Wolf C, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Tumani H, Deisenhammer F. A consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking. Neurology 2009, 73:1914-1922. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c47cc2, 2839806, 19949037.
87. Mallik PS, Finlayson M, Mathiowetz V, Fogg L. Psychometric evaluation of the energy conservation strategies survey. Clin Rehabil 2005, 19:538-543. 10.1191/0269215505cr789oa, 16119410.
88. Van der Werf SP, Jongen PJ, LA Nijeholt GJ, Barkhof F, Hommes OR, Bleijenberg G. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: interrelations between fatigue complaints, cerebral MRI abnormalities and neurological disability. J Neurol Sci 1998, 160:164-170. 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00251-2, 9849800.
89. Fitzmaurice GM, Laird NM, Ware JH. Applied Longitudinal Analysis. 2nd edition. Hoboken, NJ 2011, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics: John Wiley & Sons.
90. Nicholas R, Rashid W. Multiple sclerosis. Clin Evid (Online) 2012, 1202.
91. Tallner A, Waschbisch A, Wenny I, Schwab S, Hentschke C, Pfeifer K, Mäurer M. Multiple sclerosis relapses are not associated with exercise. Mult Scler 2012, 18:232-235. 10.1177/1352458511415143, 21733890.
92. Sim I, Chan AW, Gülmezoglu AM, Evans T, Pang T. Clinical trial registration: transparency is the watchword. Lancet 2006, 367:1631-1633. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68708-4, 16714166.
93. Milette K, Roseman M, Thombs BD. Transparency of outcome reporting and trial registration of randomized controlled trials in top psychosomatic and behavioral health journals: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2011, 70:205-217. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.09.015, 21334491.
94. Rosti-Otajärvi EM, Hämäläinen PI. Neuropsychological rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 11. CD009131.
95. Khan F, Turner-Stokes L, Ng L, Kilpatrick T. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for adults with multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, 2. CD006036.
96. Golden SH, Wand GS, Malhotra S, Kamel I, Horton K. Reliability of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis assessment methods for use in population-based studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2011, 26:511-525. 10.1007/s10654-011-9585-2, 3697932, 21533585.
97. Abma TA, Broerse JE. Patient participation as dialogue: setting research agendas. Health Expect 2010, 13:160-173. 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00549.x, 20536537.
98. Siemonsma PC, Walker MF. Practical guidelines for independent assessment in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation. Clin Rehabil 1997, 11:273-279. 10.1177/026921559701100402, 9408666.
99. Boutron I, Guittet L, Estellat C, Moher D, Hróbjartsson A, Ravaud P. Reporting methods of blinding in randomized trials assessing nonpharmacological treatments. PLoS Med 2007, 4:e61. 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040061, 1800311, 17311468.
100. Kos D, Duportail M, D'hooghe M, Nagels G, Kerckhofs E. Multidisciplinary fatigue management programme in multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Mult Scler 2007, 13:996-1003. 10.1177/1352458507078392, 17623738.
101. Hugos CL, Copperman LF, Fuller BE, Yadav V, Lovera J, Bourdette DN. Clinical trial of a formal group fatigue program in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010, 16:724-732. 10.1177/1352458510364536, 20375125.
102. Thomas PW, Thomas S, Kersten P, Jones R, Nock A, Slingsby V, Green C, Baker R, Galvin K, Hillier C. Multi-centre parallel arm randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a group-based cognitive behavioural approach to managing fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2010, 10:43. 10.1186/1471-2377-10-43, 2905353, 20553617.
103. Anonymous Conceptrichtlijn Diagnostiek, Behandeling en Functioneren bij Multiple Sclerose 2011, Utrecht: CBO, Anonymous.