Cognitive radio wireless sensor networks: Applications, challenges and research trends

Sensors (Switzerland)

Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 11196-11228

  Joshi, Gyanendra Prasad ^a   Nam, Seung Yeob ^a   Kim, Sung Won ^a  

^a Yeungnam University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Cognitive sensors; Cognitive wireless sensor networks; Sensor networks

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE RADIO; RESEARCH; SENSOR NETWORKS; SPECTROSCOPY;

APPLICATION AREA; COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK; COGNITIVE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; EMERGING APPLICATIONS; OPPORTUNISTIC SPECTRUM ACCESS; RESEARCH CHALLENGES; SENSING SCHEMES; SPECTRUM ACCESS;

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS;

EID: 84883331959     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s130911196     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. IEEE Recommended Practice for Information Technology-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements-Part 15.2: Coexistence of Wireless Personal Area Networks with Other Wireless Devices Operating in Unlicensed Frequency Bands. IEEE Standard 802.15.2-2003, 2003.
2. Yang, D.; Xu, Y.; Gidlund, M. Wireless coexistence between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4-based networks: A survey. Int. J. Distr. Sens. Netw. 2011, 2011, 1-17.
3. Morrow, R.K. Wireless Network Coexistence; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 2004.
4. Golmie, N. Coexistence in Wireless Networks-Challenges and System-Level Solutions in the Unlicensed Bands; Cambridge University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2006.
5. Kruger, D.; Heynicke, R.; Scholl, G. Wireless Sensor/Actuator-Network with Improved Coexistence Performance for 2.45 GHz ISM-Band Operation. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD), Chemnitz, Germany, 20-23 March 2012; pp. 1-5.
6. Vijay, G.; Ben Ali Bdira, E.; Ibnkahla, M. Cognition in wireless sensor networks: A perspective. IEEE Sens. J. 2011, 11, 582-592.
7. Akan, O.B.; Karli, O.B.; Ergul, O. Cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Netw. 2009, 23, 34-40.
8. Bicen, A.O.; Gungor, V.C.; Akan, O.B. Delay-sensitive and multimedia communication in cognitive radio sensor networks. Ad. Hoc. Netw. 2012, 10, 816-830.
9. Atakan, B.; Akan, O.B. Biological foraging-inspired communication in intermittently connected mobile cognitive radio ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2012, 61, 2651-2658.
10. Liang, Z.; Zhao, D. Quality of Service Performance of a Cognitive Radio Sensor Network. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Cape Town, South Africa, 23-27 May 2010; pp. 1-5.
11. Han, J.A.; Jeon, W.S.; Jeong, D.G. Energy-efficient channel management scheme for cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2011, 60, 1905-1910.
12. ITU-R. Definitions of Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio System (CRS); ITU-R Report SM 2152; ITU: Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
13. Zhou, G.; Stankovic, J.A.; Son, S. Crowded Spectrum in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNets 2006), Cambridge, MA, USA, 30-31 May 2006.
14. FCC. Spectrum policy task force report. Technical Report ET Docket, no. 02-155, Federal Communications Commission, Washington DC, USA, 2002.
15. ITU. Available online: http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/terrestrial/faq/#g013 (accessed on 15 June 2013).
16. Borms, J.; Steenhaut, K.; Lemmens, B. Low-Overhead Dynamic Multi-Channel MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN'10), Coimbra, Portugal, 17-19 February 2010; pp. 81-96.
17. Joshi, G.P.; Kim, S.W.; Kim B.S. An Efficient MAC Protocol for Improving the Network Throughput for Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies (NGMAST '09), Cardiff, UK, 15-18 September 2009; pp. 271-275.
18. Akyildiz, I.F.; Lee, W.Y.; Vuran, M.C.; Mohanty, S. A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2008, 46, 40-48.
19. Wang, B.; Liu, K. Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Proc. 2011, 5, 5-23.
20. Umamaheswari, A.; Subashini, V.; Subhapriya, P. Survey on Performance, Reliability and Future Proposal of Cognitive Radio under Wireless Computing. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Communication & Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Tamilnadu, India, 26-28 July 2012; pp. 1-6.
21. Yucek, T.; Arslan, H. A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2009, 11, 116-130.
22. De Domenico, A.; Strinati, E.C.; Di Benedetto, M. A survey on MAC strategies for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2012, 14, 21-44.
23. Attar, A.; Tang, H.; Vasilakos, A.V.; Yu, F.R.; Leung, V.C.M. A survey of security challenges in cognitive radio networks: Solutions and future research directions. Proc. IEEE 2012, 100, 3172-3186.
24. Zhang, T.; Yu, X. Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Using Game Theory-A Survey. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), Chengdu, China, 23-25 September 2010; pp. 1-5.
25. Bkassiny, M.; Li, Y.; Jayaweera, S. A survey on machine-learning techniques in cognitive radios. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 1136-1159.
26. Wang, H.; Gao, Z.; Guo, Y.; Huang, Y. A Survey of Range-Based Localization Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), Hubei, China, 21-23 April 2012; pp. 844-847.
27. Masonta, M.; Mzyece, M.; Ntlatlapa, N. Spectrum decision in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 1088-1107.
28. Ariananda, D.D.; Lakshmanan, M.K.; Nikookar, H. A Survey on Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cognitive Radio and Advanced Spectrum Management (CogART 2009), Aalborg, Denmark, 18-20 May 2009; pp. 74-79.
29. Tragos, E.; Zeadally, S.; Fragkiadakis, A.; Siris, V. Spectrum assignment in cognitive radio networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 1108-1135.
30. Wang, H.; Qin, H.; Zhu, L. A Survey on MAC Protocols for Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hubei, China, 12-14 December 2008; pp. 214-218.
31. Fragkiadakis, A.G.; Tragos, E.Z.; Askoxylakis, I.G. A survey on security threats and detection techniques in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 428-445.
32. Joshi, G.P.; Kim, S.W.; Kim B.S. An Efficient MAC Protocol for Improving the Network Throughput for Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies (NGMAST '09), Cardiff, UK, 15-18 September 2009; pp. 271-275.
33. Akyildiz, I.F.; Lee, W.Y.; Vuran, M.C.; Mohanty, S. A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2008, 46, 40-48.
34. Wang, B.; Liu, K. Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Proc. 2011, 5, 5-23.
35. Umamaheswari, A.; Subashini, V.; Subhapriya, P. Survey on Performance, Reliability and Future Proposal of Cognitive Radio under Wireless Computing. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Communication & Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Tamilnadu, India, 26-28 July 2012; pp. 1-6.
36. Yucek, T.; Arslan, H. A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2009, 11, 116-130.
37. De Domenico, A.; Strinati, E.C.; Di Benedetto, M. A survey on MAC strategies for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2012, 14, 21-44.
38. Attar, A.; Tang, H.; Vasilakos, A.V.; Yu, F.R.; Leung, V.C.M. A survey of security challenges in cognitive radio networks: Solutions and future research directions. Proc. IEEE 2012, 100, 3172-3186.
39. Zhang, T.; Yu, X. Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Using Game Theory-A Survey. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), Chengdu, China, 23-25 September 2010; pp. 1-5.
40. Bkassiny, M.; Li, Y.; Jayaweera, S. A survey on machine-learning techniques in cognitive radios. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 1136-1159.
41. Wang, H.; Gao, Z.; Guo, Y.; Huang, Y. A Survey of Range-Based Localization Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), Hubei, China, 21-23 April 2012; pp. 844-847.
42. Masonta, M.; Mzyece, M.; Ntlatlapa, N. Spectrum decision in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 1088-1107.
43. Ariananda, D.D.; Lakshmanan, M.K.; Nikookar, H. A Survey on Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cognitive Radio and Advanced Spectrum Management (CogART 2009), Aalborg, Denmark, 18-20 May 2009; pp. 74-79.
44. Tragos, E.; Zeadally, S.; Fragkiadakis, A.; Siris, V. Spectrum assignment in cognitive radio networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 1108-1135.
45. Wang, H.; Qin, H.; Zhu, L. A Survey on MAC Protocols for Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hubei, China, 12-14 December 2008; pp. 214-218.
46. Fragkiadakis, A.G.; Tragos, E.Z.; Askoxylakis, I.G. A survey on security threats and detection techniques in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2013, 15, 428-445. Sensors 2013, 13 11224
47. He, A.; Bae, K.Y.; Newman, T.R.; Gaeddert, J.; Kim, K.W.; Menon, R.; Morales-Tirado, L.; Neel, J.J.; Zhao Y.; Reed, J.H.; et al. A survey of artificial intelligence for cognitive radios. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2010, 59, 1578-1592.
48. Sengupta, S.; Subbalakshmi, K.P. Open research issues in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2013, 51, 168-176.
49. The New York Times. Available online: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/world/asia/ south-korea-accused-north-accused-of-jamming-signals.html?_r=0 (accessed on 26 June 2013).
50. The Korea Times. Available online: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/05/ 113_110893.html (accessed on 26 June 2013).
51. IEEE 802.15 WPAN™ Task Group 6 (TG6) Body Area Networks. IEEE Standards Association. Available online: http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG6.html (accessed on 30 May 2013).
52. Stoner, D. Wireless from Peak: Telemedicine in Nepal. Wilderness Med. 2012, 29, 14-15. Available online: http://wms.org/magazine/292.pdf (accessed on 7 May 2013).
53. Mishra, S.K.; Kapoor, L.; Singh, I.P. Telemedicine in India: Current scenario and the future. Telemed. e-Health 2009, 15, 568-575.
54. Latré, B.; Braem, B.; Moerman, I.; Blondia, C.; Demeester, P. A survey on wireless body area networks. Wirel. Netw. 2011, 17, 1-18.
55. Wang, J.; Ghosh, M.; Challapali, K. Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2011, 49, 74-81.
56. Misra, S.; Reisslein, M.; Xue, G. A survey of multimedia streaming in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2008, 10, 18-39.
57. Akyildiz, I.F.; Melodia, T.; Chowdhury, K.R. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks. Comput. Netw. 2007, 51, 921-960.
58. Akyildiz, I.F.; Melodia, T.; Chowdhury, K.R. Wireless multimedia sensor networks: Applications and testbeds. Proc. IEEE 2008, 96, 1588-1605.
59. Rehmani, M.H.; Lohier, S.; Rachedi, A. Channel Bonding in Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile and Wireless Networking (iCOST), Avignon, France, 2-4 July 2012; pp. 72-76.
60. Gao, B.; Yang, Y.; Park, J.M. Channel Aggregation in Cognitive Radio Networks with Practical Considerations. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kyoto, Japan, 5-9 June 2011; pp. 1-5.
61. Joshi, G.P.; Kim, S.W. An Enhanced Synchronized MAC Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), Wuhan, China, 23-25 September 2011; pp. 1-4.
62. Ghandour, A.J.; Fawaz, K.; Artail, H. Data Delivery Guarantees in Congested Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Cognitive Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE IWCMC 2011, Istanbul, Turkey, 4-8 July 2011; pp. 871-876.
63. Di Felice, M.; Doost-Mohammady, R.; Chowdhury, K.R.; Bononi, L. Smart radios for smart vehicles: Cognitive vehicular networks. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 2012, 7, 26-33.
64. Rawat, D.B.; Zhao, Y.; Yan, G.; Song, M. CRAVE: Cognitive Radio Enabled Vehicular Communications in Heterogeneous Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS 2013), Austin, TX, USA, 20-23 January 2013; pp. 190-192.
65. El Mougy, A.; Ibnkahla, M. A Cognitive WSN Framework for Highway Safety based on Weighted Cognitive Maps and Q-learning. In Proceedings of the Second ACM International Symposium on Design and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications, (DIVANet'12), Cyprus, 21-25 October 2012; pp. 55-62.
66. Aalamifar, F.; Vijay, G.; Abedi Khoozani, P.; Ibnkahla, M. Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks for Highway Safety. In Proceedings of the First ACM International Symposium on Design and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications (DIVANet '11), Miami Beach, FL, USA, 31 October-4 November 2011; pp. 55-60.
67. Letaief, K.; Zhang, W. Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks. Proc. IEEE 2009, 97, 878-893.
68. Cayirci, E.; Rong, C. Security in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Chichester, UK, 2008.
69. De Souza, L.M.S.; Vogt, H.; Beigl, M. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. Interner Bericht. Fakultät für Informatik, Universität Karlsruhe: Karlsruhe, Germany, 2007.
70. Hoblos, G.; Staroswiecki, M.; Aitouche, A. Optimal Design of Fault Tolerant Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, Anchorage, AK, USA, 25-27 September 2000; pp. 467-472.
71. Seah, W.K.-G.; Eu, Z.A.; Tan, H. Wireless Sensor Networks Powered by Ambient Energy Harvesting (WSN-HEAP)-Survey and Challenges. In Proceedings of Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology, Ålborg, Denmark, 17-20 May 2009; pp. 1-5.
72. Kansal, A.; Srivastava, M.B. An Environmental Energy Harvesting Framework for Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on ISLPED '03, Seoul, Korea, 25-27 August 2003; pp. 481-486.
73. Churchill, D.L.; Hamel, M.J.; Townsend, C.P.; Arms, S.W. Strain Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the SPIE 10th International Symposium on Smart Structures & Materials, San Diego, CA, USA, 24 July 2003; pp. 319-327.
74. Sim, Z.W. Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Embedded Sensor Networks in the Natural Environment; Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester: Manchester, UK, 17 April 2012.
75. Kawahara, Y.; Lakafosis, V.; Sawakami, Y.; Nishimoto, H.; Asami, T. Design Issues for Energy Harvesting Enabled Wireless Sensing Systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2009), Singapore, December 2009; pp. 2248-2251.
76. Sudevalayam, S.; Kulkarni, P. Energy harvesting sensor nodes: Survey and implications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2011, 13, 443-461.
77. Vijay, G.; Bdira, E.; Ibnkahla, M. Cognitive Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. In Proceedings of the IEEE 25th Biennial Symposium on Communications (QBSC '10), Kingston, ON, Canada, 12-14 May 2010; pp. 177-180.
78. Cavalcanti, D.; Das, S.; Jianfeng, W.; Challapali, K. Cognitive Radio based Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceeding of the IEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands, 3-7 August 2008; pp. 1-6.
79. Jia, J.G.; He, Z.W.; Kuang, J.M.; Wang, H.F. Analysis of Key Technologies for Cognitive Radio Based Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM '10), Chengdu, China, 23-25 September 2010; pp. 1-5.
80. Feng, S.; Zhao, D. Supporting Real-Time CBR Traffic in a Cognitive Radio Sensor Network. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Sydney, Australia, 18-21 April 2010; pp. 1-6.
81. Rashid, M.; Hossain, M.; Hossain, E.; Bhargava, V. Opportunistic spectrum scheduling for multiuser cognitive radio: A queueing analysis. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2009, 8, 5259-5269.
82. Liang, Z.; Feng, S.; Zhao, D.; Shen, X.S. Delay performance analysis for supporting real-time traffic in a cognitive radio sensor network. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2011, 10, 325-335.
83. Feng, S.; Zhao, D. Design and Performance Analysis of a Cognitive Radio Sensor Network. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Sydney, Australia, 18-21 April 2010.
84. Li, N.G.; Yang, L.; Zhang, N.; Hu, S.Z. Cooperative Frequency Spectrum Sensing based on the Spatial Spectral Estimation in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2009), Beijing, China, 8-11 August 2009; pp. 263-266.
85. Zahmati, A.S.; Fernando, X.; Grami, A. A New Perspective on Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology (ICRTIT 2012), Chennai, India, 19-21 April 2012; pp. 565-569.
86. Zhang, H.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, X.; Yin, R. Energy Efficient Joint Source and Channel Sensing in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2011), Kyoto, Japan, 5-9 June 2011; pp. 1-6.
87. Hu, F.; Patibandla, R.; Xiao, Y. Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio sensor networks: Towards ultra low overhead, distributed channel findings. Int. J. Sens. Netw. 2008, 3, 115-122.
88. Ma, W.; Wu, M.Q.; Liu, D.; Wang, M.L. User Sensing Based on MIMO Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2009), Beijing, China, 8-11 August 2009; pp. 205-208.
89. Thuc, K.X.; Insoo, K.O.O. A censor-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy logic for cognitive radio sensor networks. IEICE Trans. Commun. 2010, 93, 3497-3500.
90. Wang, Y.; Yuehong L.; Yuan F.; Yang, J. A cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on trust and fuzzy logic for cognitive radio sensor networks. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues 2013, 10, 275-279.
91. Yuan, W.; Leung, H.; Chen, S.; Cheng, W. A distributed sensor selection mechanism for cooperative spectrum sensing. IEEE Trans. Signal. Proc. 2011, 59, 6033-6044.
92. Hareesh, K.; Singh, P. An Energy Efficient Hybrid Co-Operative Spectrum Sensing Technique For CRSN. In Proceedings of the International Multi Conference on Automation, Computing, Control, Communication and Compressed Sensing (iMac4s-2013), Kottayam, Kerala, 21-23 March 2013; pp. 438-442.
93. Maleki, S.; Pandharipande, A.; Leus, G. Energy efficient distributed spectrum sensing for cognitive sensor networks. IEEE Sens. J., 2011, 11, 565-573.
94. Konishi, T.; Izumi, S.; Tsuruda, K.; Hyeokjong, L.E.E.; Takeuchi, T.; Yoshimoto, M.; Kawaguchi, H. A low-power multi resolution spectrum sensing architecture for a wireless sensor network with cognitive radio. IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electr. Commun. Comput. Sci. 2011, 94, 2287-2294.
95. Zhang, H.; Zhang, Z.; Dai, H.; Yin, R.; Chen, X. Distributed Spectrum-Aware Clustering in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), Houston, TX, USA, 5-9 December 2011; pp. 1-6.
96. Zhang, H.; Zhang, Z.; Yuen, C. Energy-efficient spectrum-aware clustering for cognitive radio sensor networks. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2012, 57, 3731-3739.
97. Gao, S.; Qian, L.; Vaman, D.R.; Qu, Q. Energy Efficient Adaptive Modulation in Wireless Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC '07), Glasgow, Scotland, 24-28 June 2007; pp. 3980-3986.
98. Oto, M.C.; Akan, O.B. Energy-efficient packet size optimization for cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2012, 11, 1544-1553.
99. Park, S.; Heo, J.; Kim, B.; Chung, W.; Wang, H.; Hong, D. Optimal Mode Selection for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks with RF Energy Harvesting. In Proceedings of the IEEE 23rd Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2012), Sydney, Australia, 9-12 September 2012; pp. 2155-2159.
100. Byun, S.S.; Balasingham, I.; Liang, X. Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Wireless Cognitive Sensor Networks: Improving Fairness and Energy Efficiency. In Proceedings of the IEEE 68th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2008), Calgary, AB, Canada, 21-24 September 2008; pp. 1-5.
101. Jamal, A.; Tham, C.K.; Wong, W.C. Event Detection and Channel Allocation in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS 2012), Singapore, 21-23 November 2012; pp. 157-161.
102. Wu, C.; Ohzahata, S.; Kato, T. Dynamic Channel Assignment and Routing for Cognitive Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 2012), Paris, France, 28-31 August 2012; pp. 86-90.
103. Li, X.; Wang, D.; McNair, J.; Chen, J. Residual Energy Aware Channel Assignment in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2011), Cancun, Mexico, 28-31 March 2011; pp. 398-403.
104. Motamedi, A.; Bahai, A. MAC Protocol Design for Spectrum-Agile Wireless Networks: Stochastic Control Approach. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN 2007), Dublin, Ireland, 17-20 April 2007; pp. 448-451.
105. Hu, Z.; Sun, Y.; Ji, Y. A Dynamic Spectrum Access Strategy Based on Real-Time Usability in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN 2011), Beijing, China, 16-18 December 2011; pp. 318-322.
106. Shah, G.A.; Akan, O.B. Performance analysis of CSMA-based opportunistic medium access protocol in cognitive radio sensor networks. Ad. Hoc. Netw. 2013, doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2013. 03.014.
107. Gao, S.; Qian, L.; Vaman, D.R. Distributed Energy Efficient Spectrum Access in Wireless Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2008), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 31 March-3 April 2008; pp. 1442-1447.
108. Joshi, G.P.; Kim, S.W. Mitigating the control channel bottleneck problem in dense cognitive radio networks. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 2011, 6, 4832-4837.
109. Quang, P.T.A.; Kim, S.R.; Kim, D.S. A Throughput-Aware Routing for Distributed Industrial Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2012), Lemgo/Detmold, Germany, 21-24 May 2012; pp. 87-90.
110. Oey, C.H.; Christian, I.; Moh, S. Energy-and cognitive-radio-aware routing in cognitive radio sensor networks. Int. J. Distr. Sen. Netw. 2012, 2012, 1-11.
111. Tian, H.; Shen, H.; Matsuzawa, T. Randomwalk Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, Dalian, China, 5-8 December 2005; pp. 196-200.
112. Jin, Z.L.; Kim, B.S.; Guan, D.H.; Cho, J.S. A probabilistic routing protocol based on priori information for cognitive radio sensor networks. Appl. Mech. Mater. 2013, 303, 210-214.
113. Panahi, N.; Rohi, H.O.; Payandeh, A.; Haghighi, M.S. Adaptation of LEACH Routing Protocol to Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST 2012), Tehran, Iran, 6-8 November 2012; pp. 541-547.
114. Sen, J. Security and Privacy Challenges in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks. In Cognitive Radio Technology Applications for Wireless and Mobile Ad hoc Networks; Meghanathan, N., Reddy, Y.B., Eds.; IGI-Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 2013; pp. 194-232.
115. Al-Qasrawi, I.S.M.; Irbid, J. Cognitive sensor techniques to face security challenges in CWSN. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues 2013, 10, 147-152.
116. Lang, W.; Zhu, Y.; Li, H. Security Architecture for Energy-Efficient Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network. In Proceedings of the IEEE Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER 2012), Bangkok, Thailand, 27-31 May 2012; pp. 12-16.