Immunosuppression for interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis

European Respiratory Review

Volumn 22, Issue 129, 2013, Pages 236-243

  Cappelli, Susanna ^a   Guiducci, Serena ^a   Randone, Silvia Bellando ^a   Cerinic, Marco Matucci ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; AZATHIOPRINE; BUSULFAN; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RITUXIMAB; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY; TOCILIZUMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR;

BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; FORCED VITAL CAPACITY; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS; HUMAN; HYPOGONADISM; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG DIFFUSION CAPACITY; LUNG FIBROSIS; LUNG FUNCTION; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; LUNG LAVAGE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SELECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; LUNG DISEASES, INTERSTITIAL; RECURRENCE; REMISSION INDUCTION; SCLERODERMA, SYSTEMIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84883314848     PISSN: 09059180     EISSN: 16000617     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00001813     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Walker UA, Tyndall A, Czirják L, et al. Clinical risk assessment of organ manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials And Research group database. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 754-763.
2. Ferri C, Valentini G, Cozzi F, et al. Systemic Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIRGSSSc). Medicine (Baltimore) 2002; 81: 139-153.
3. Wells AU, Cullinan P, Hansell DM, et al. Fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis has a better prognosis than lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 1583-1590.
4. Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, et al. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 1283-1289.
5. Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2655-2666.
6. Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Effects of 1-year treatment with cyclophosphamide on outcomes at 2 years in scleroderma lung disease. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2007; 76: 1026-1034.
7. Hoyles RK, Ellis RW, Wellsbury J, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Arhtritis Rheum 2006; 54: 3962-3970.
8. Nadashkevich O, Davis P, Fritzler M, et al. A randomized unblinded trial of cyclophosphamide versus azathioprine in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheum 2006; 25: 205-212.
9. Nannini C, West CP, Erwin PJ, et al. Effects of cyclophosphamide on pulmonary function in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational prospective cohort studies. Arhtritis Res Ther 2008; 10: R124.
10. Avouac J, Kowal-Bielecka O, Landewé R, et al. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: methods of elaboration and results of systemic literature research. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 620-628.
11. Guillevin L, Cordier JF, Lhote F, et al. A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing steroids and pulse cyclophosphamide versus steroids and oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of generalized Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 2187-2198.
12. Derk CT, Grace E, Shenin M, et al. A prospective open-label study of mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of diffuse systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 2009; 48: 1595-1599.
13. Le EN, Wigely FM, Shah AA, et al. Long-term experience of mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 1104-1107.
14. Nihtyanova SI, Brough GM, Black CM, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis-a retrospective analysis. Rheumatology 2007; 46: 442-445.
15. Zamora AC, Wolters PJ, Collard HR, et al. Use of mycophenolate mofetil to treat scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. Resp Med 2008; 102: 150-155.
16. Simeó n-Aznar CP, Fonollosa-Plá V, Tolosa-Vilella C, et al. Effect of mycophenolate sodium in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30: 1393-1398.
17. Henes JC, Horger M, Amberger C, et al. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium for progressive systemic sclerosis a prospective open-label study with CT histography for monitoring of fibrosis. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32: 673-678.
18. Vanthuyne M, Blockmans D, Westhovens R, et al. A pilot study of mycophenolate mofetil combined to intravenous methylprednisolone pulses and oral low-dose glucocorticoids in severe early systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2007; 25: 287-292.
19. Koutroumpas A, Ziogas A, Alexiou, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29: 1167-1168.
20. Gerbino AJ, Goss CH, Molitor JA. Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on pulmonary function in Sclerodermaassociated interstitial lung disease. Chest 2008; 133: 455-460.
21. Liossis SNC, Bounas A, Anonopoulos AP. Mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment improves clinically evident early scleroderma lung disease. Rheumatology 2006; 45: 1005-1008.
22. Fischer A, Brown KK, Du Bois RM, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil improves lung function in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 2013; 40: 640-646.
23. Walker KM, Pope J. Treatment of systemic sclerosis complications: what to use when first-line treatment fails-a consensus of systemic sclerosis experts. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2012; 42: 42-55.
24. Bérezné A, Ranque B, Valeyre D, et al. Therapeutic strategy combining intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine to treat worsening interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis: a retrospective multicenter open-label study. J Rheumatol 2008; 35: 1064-1072.
25. Paone C, Chiarolanza I, Cuomo G, et al. Twelve-month azathioprine as maintenance therapy in early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients treated for 1-year with low dose cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2007; 25: 613-616.
26. Van den Hoogen FH, Boerbooms AM, Swaak AJ, et al. Comparison of methotrexate with placebo in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a 24 week randomized double-blind trial, followed by a 24 week observational trial. Br J Rheumatol 1996; 35: 364-372.
27. Pope JE, Bellamy N, Seibold JR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methotrexate versus placebo in early diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 1351-1358.
28. Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr. Case-control study of corticosteroids and other drugs that either precipitate or protect from the development of scleroderma renal crisis. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 1613-1619.
29. Teixeira L, Mouthon L, Mahr A, et al. Group Français de Recherche sur le Sclérodermie (GFRS). Mortality and risk factors of scleroderma renal crisis: a French retrospective study of 50 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: 110-116.
30. DeMarco PJ, Weisman MH, Seibold JR, et al. Predictors and outcomes of scleroderma renal crisis: the high dose versus low-dose of penicillamine in early diffuse systemic sclerosis trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 2983-2989.
31. Helfrich DJ, Banner B, Steen VD, et al. Normotensive renal failure in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 1128-1134.
32. Giacomelli R, Valentini G, Salsano F, et al. Cyclophosphamide pulse regimen in the treatment of alveolitis in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 731-736.
33. Beretta L, Caronni M, Raimondi M, et al. Oral cyclophosphamide improves pulmonary function in scleroderma patients with fibrosing alveolitis: experience in one centre. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26: 168-172.
34. Griffiths B, Miles S, Moss H, et al. Systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease: a pilot study using pulse intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide to assess the effect on high resolution computed tomography scan and lung function. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 2371-2378.
35. Yiannopoulos G, Pastromas V, Antonopoulos I, et al. Combination of intravenous pulses of cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone in patients with systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27: 357-361.
36. Manno R, Boin F. Immunotherapy of systemic sclerosis. Immunotherapy 2010; 2: 863-878.
37. Lafyatis R, O'Hara C, Feghali-Bostwick CA, et al. B cell infiltration in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 3167-3168.
38. McGonagle D, Tan AL, Madden J, et al. Successful treatment of resistant scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease with rituximab. Rheumatology 2008; 47: 552-553.
39. Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, et al. Is there a role for B-cell depletion as therapy for scleroderma? A case report and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010; 40: 127-136.
40. Yoo WH. Successful treatment of steroid and cyclophosphamide-resistant diffuse scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease with rituximab. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 795-798.
41. Smith V, Van Praet JT, Vandooren B, et al. Rituximab in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: an open label clinical and histopatological study. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69: 193-197.
42. Layaftis R, Kissin E, York M, et al. B cell depletion with rituximab in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60: 578-583.
43. Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, et al. Experience with rituximab in scleroderma: results from a 1-year, proof-of-principle study. Rheumatology 2010; 49: 271-280.
44. Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsmandas AC, et al. Effect of long-term treatment with rituximab on pulmonary function and skin fibrosis in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheum 2012; 30: 17-22.
45. Bosello S, De Santis M, Lama G, et al. B cell depletion in diffuse progressive systemic sclerosis: safety, skin score modification and IL-6 modulation in an up to thirty-six months follow-up open-label trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R54.
46. Keir GJ, Maher TM, Hansell DM, et al. Severe interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: rituximab as rescue therapy. Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 641-648.
47. Lam GK, Hummers LK, Woods A, et al. Efficacy and safety of etanercept in the treatment of scleroderma-associated joint disease. J Rheumatol 2007; 34: 1636-1637.
48. Denton CP, Engelhart M, Tvede N, et al. An open-label pilot study of infliximab therapy in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 1433-1439.
49. Elhai M, Meunier M, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. Outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated polyarthritis and myopathy treated with tocilizumab or abatacept: a EUSTAR observational study. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 72: 1217-1220.
50. Khanna D, Denton CP. Evidence-based management of rapidly progressing systemic sclerosis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24: 387-400.
51. Tyndall A, Matucci-Cerinic M. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2003; 3: 1041-1049.
52. Binks M, Passweg JR, Furst D, et al. Phase I/II trial of autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis: procedure related mortality and impact on skin disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60: 577-584.
53. Farge D, Passweg J, van Laar JM, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: report from the EBMT/EULAR Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63: 974-981.
54. Nash RA, McSweeney PA, Crofford LJ, et al. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe systemic sclerosis: long-term follow-up of the US multicenter pilot study. Blood 2007; 110: 1388-1396.
55. Van Laar JM, Farge D, Sont JK, et al. The ASTIS trial: autologous stem cell transplantation versus IV pulse cyclophosphamide in poor prognosis systemic sclerosis, first results. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71: 151.
56. Wells AU, Steen V, Valentini G. Pulmonary complications: one of the most challenging complications of systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 2009; 48: iii40-iii44.
57. Shah RM, Jimenez S, Wechsler R. Significance of ground-glass opacity on HRCT in long-term follow-up of patients with systemic sclerosis. J Thorac Imaging 2007; 22: 120-124.
58. Bouros D, Wells AU, Nicholson AG, et al. Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1581-1586.
59. Yanaba K, Hasegawa M, Takehara K, et al. Comparative study of serum surfactant protein-D and KL-6 concentrations in patients with systemic sclerosis as markers for monitoring the activity of pulmonary fibrosis. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 1112-1120.
60. Strange C, Bolster MB, Roth MD, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage and response to cyclophosphamide in scleroderma interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 91-98.
61. Wells AU. The clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2010; 19: 237-241.
62. Mahler DA, Weinberg DH, Wells CK, et al. The measurement of dyspnea. Contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes. Chest 1984; 85: 751-758.
63. Barnett AJ. Scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis) progress and course based on a personal series of 118 cases. Med J Aust 1978; 2: 129-134.
64. Steen VD, Owens GR, Redmond C, et al. The effect of D-penicillamine on pulmonary findings in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1985; 28: 882-888.
65. Greidinger EL, Flaherty KT, White B, et al. African-American race and antibodies to topoisomerase I are associated with increased severity of scleroderma lung disease. Chest 1998; 114: 801-807.
66. Assassi S, Sharif R, Lasky RE, et al. Predictors of interstitial lung disease in early systemic sclerosis: a prospective longitudinal study of the GENISOS cohort. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R166.
67. Plastiras SC, Karadimitrakis SP, Ziakas PD, et al. Scleroderma lung: initial forced vital capacity as predictor of pulmonary function decline. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 55: 598-602.
68. Khanna D, Tseng CH, Farmani N, et al. Clinical course of lung physiology in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63: 3078-3085.
69. Goh NS, Desai SR, Veeraraghavan S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a simple staging system. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 1248-1254.
70. Hudson M, Steele R, Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, et al. Immunosuppression for interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis-novel insights and opportunities for translational research. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6: 187-190.
71. Roth MD, Tseng CH, Clements PJ, et al. Predicting treatment outcomes and responder subsets in sclerodermarelated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63: 2797-2808.