Therapeutic strategy combining intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine to treat worsening interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis: A retrospective multicenter open-label study

Journal of Rheumatology

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1064-1072

  Bérezné, Alice ^a   Ranque, Brigitte ^a   Valeyre, Dominique ^b   Brauner, Michel ^b   Allanore, Yannick ^a   Launay, David ^c   Le Guern, Véronique ^a   Kahn, Jean Emmanuel ^d   Couderc, Louis Jean ^d   Constans, Joël ^e   Cohen, Pascal ^a   Mahr, Alfred ^a   Pagnoux, Christian ^a   Hachulla, Eric ^c   Kahan, André ^a   Cabane, Jean ^f   Guillevin, Loïc ^a   Mouthon, Luc ^a,g  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 13   (France)

^c UNIV LILLE   (France)

^d FOCH HOSPITAL   (France)

^e HÔPITAL SAINT ANDRÉ   (France)

^f HÔPITAL SAINT ANTOINE   (France)

^g Saint Antoine Hospital ^*  (France)

Author keywords

Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Interstitial lung disease; Mycophenolate mofetil; Systemic sclerosis

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENTEROPATHY; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; LIVER TOXICITY; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MALE; OPEN STUDY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEPTICEMIA; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS; TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY; VIRUS INFECTION;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADULT; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; AZATHIOPRINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS; LUNG DISEASES, INTERSTITIAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PULSE THERAPY, DRUG; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SCLERODERMA, SYSTEMIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 44949238111     PISSN: 0315162X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Mouthon L, Berezne A, Brauner M, Kambouchner M, Guillevin L, Valeyre D. Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Presse Med 2006;35 Pt 2:1943-51.
2. Silver RM. Scleroderma. Clinical problems. The lungs. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1996;22:825-40.
3. Steen VD, Medsger TA. Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972-2002. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:940-4.
4. Mouthon L, Berezne A, Poiraudeau S, Guillevin L. Therapeutic management of systemic sclerosis. Presse Med 2006;35 Pt 2:1975-82.
5. Denton CP, Black CM. Combination therapies for systemic sclerosis. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2001;23:109-29.
6. Sule SD, Wigley FM. Treatment of scleroderma: an update. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 2003;12:471-82.
7. Silver RM, Warrick JH, Kinsella MB, Staudt LS, Baumann MH, Strange C. Cyclophosphamide and low-dose prednisone therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) with interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 1993;20:838-44.
8. Akesson A, Scheja A, Lundin A, Wollheim FA. Improved pulmonary function in systemic sclerosis after treatment with cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:729-35.
9. Steen VD, Lanz JK Jr, Conte C, Owens GR, Medsger TA Jr. Therapy for severe interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. A retrospective study. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:1290-6.
10. White B, Moore WC, Wigley FM, Xiao HQ, Wise RA. Cyclophosphamide is associated with pulmonary function and survival benefit in patients with scleroderma and alveolitis. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:947-54.
11. D'Angelo S, Cuomo G, Paone C, Colutta E, La Montagna G, Valentini G. Low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide in systemic sclerosis: a preliminary safety study. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:393-6.
12. Casale R, Generini S, Luppi F, Pignone A, Matucci-Cerinic M. Pulse cyclophosphamide decreases sympathetic postganglionic activity, controls alveolitis, and normalizes vascular tone dysfunction (Raynaud's phenomenon) in a case of early systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:665-9.
13. Airo P, Danieli E, Parrinello G, et al. Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for systemic sclerosis. A single-center experience and review of the literature with pooled analysis of lung function test results. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004;22:573-8.
14. Nadashkevich O, Davis P, Fritzler M, Kovalenko W. A randomized unblinded trial of cyclophosphamide versus azathioprine in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 2006;25:205-12.
15. Schnabel A, Reuter M, Gross WL. Intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in the treatment of interstitial lung disease due to collagen vascular diseases. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1215-20.
16. Davas EM, Peppas C, Maragou M, Alvanou E, Hondros D, Dantis PC. Intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for the treatment of lung disease associated with scleroderma. Clin Rheumatol 1999;18:455-61.
17. Pakas I, Ioannidis JP, Malagari K, Skopouli FN, Moutsopoulos HM, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG. Cyclophosphamide with low or high dose prednisolone for systemic sclerosis lung disease. J Rheumatol 2002;29:298-304.
18. Giacomelli R, Valentini G, Salsano F, et al. Cyclophosphamide pulse regimen in the treatment of alveolitis in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2002;29:731-6.
19. Griffiths B, Miles S, Moss H, Robertson R, Veale D, Emery P. Systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease: a pilot study using pulse intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide to assess the effect on high resolution computed tomography scan and lung function. J Rheumatol 2002;29:2371-8.
20. Mittal G, Udwadia Z, Joshi VR. Cyclophosphamide pulse regimen in the treatment of alveolitis in systemic sclerosis [letter]. Giacomelli R, Fulminis A, Valentini G, et al. Reply. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1121-2.
21. Kowal-Bielecka O, Kowal K, Rojewska J, et al. Cyclophosphamide reduces neutrophilic alveolitis in patients with scleroderma lung disease: a retrospective analysis of serial bronchoalveolar lavage investigations. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:1343-6.
22. Ostojic P, Damjanov N. Improvement of lung function in patients with systemic sclerosis after 6 months cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Clin Rheumatol 2006;25:819-21.
23. Berezne A, Valeyre D, Ranque B, Guillevin L, Mouthon L. Interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis: what is the evidence for efficacy of cyclophosphamide? Ann NY Acad Sci 2007;1110:271-84.
24. Yiannopoulos G, Pastromas V, Antonopoulos I, et al. Combination of intravenous pulses of cyclophosphamide and methylprednizolone in patients with systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease. Rheumatol Int 2007;27:357-61.
25. Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2655-66.
26. Clements P, Furst DE, Silver R, et al. The Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS) shows the beneficial effects of cyclophosphamide (cyc) over placebo (PL) in systemic sclerosis (SSC) patients with active alveolitis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52 Suppl:S257.
27. Clements PJ, Furst DE, Silver RM, et al. Outcomes at 24-months are better for patients who received one-year of cyclophosphamide therapy for SSc alveolitis than in those who received one-year of placebo in the Scleroderma Lung Study [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54 Suppl:S522.
28. Hoyles RK, Ellis RW, Wellsbury J, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:3962-70.
29. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1980;23:581-90.
30. LeRoy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R, et al. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol 1988;15:202-5.
31. Bronchoalveolar lavage constituents in healthy individuals, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and selected comparison groups. The BAL Cooperative Group Steering Committee. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:S169-202.
32. Valeyre D, Saumon G, Bladier D, et al. The relationships between noninvasive explorations in pulmonary sarcoidosis of recent origin, as shown in bronchoalveolar lavage, serum, and pulmonary function tests. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:41-5.
33. Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, Medsger TA Jr. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:1283-9.
34. Desai SR, Wells AU, Rubens MB, du Bois RM, Hansell DM. Traction bronchiectasis in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: associated computed tomographic features and physiological significance. Eur Radiol 2003;13:1801-8.
35. Behr J, Vogelmeier C, Beinert T, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage for evaluation and management of scleroderma disease of the lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154 Pt 1:400-6.
36. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. A prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine 1996;75:17-28.