Yushchenko versus tymoshenko: Why ukraine's national democrats are divided

Demokratizatsiya

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 215-240

  Kuzio, Taras ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNISM; PARTY POLITICS; POLITICAL IDEOLOGY; POPULAR PROTEST;

UKRAINE;

EID: 84883125548     PISSN: 10746846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (97)

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5. Joint statement by President Leonid Kuchma, Parliamentary Chairman Ivan Plyushch and Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko, February 13, 2001. http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2001/02/14/2981881/.
6. See I. Plyusch's defence of the statement in Viktor Yushchenko. 2004. Viryu v Ukrayinu, Kyiv: Olena Telihy, 16.
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13. Viktor Pynzenyk resigned from the Tymoshenko government in February 2009 and left the Reforms and Order party a year later, when Serhiy Sobolyev was elected leader. Pynzenyk was elected to parliament in 2012 by UDAR.
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18. http://www. europeanvoice.com/article/imported/orange-revolutionary/ 51829.aspx. V. Yushchenko cited in Stolichnye Novosti, September 11, 2001.
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20. V. Yushchenko, Viryu v Ukrayinu, p. 69.
21. V. Yushchenko, Viryu v Ukrayinu, p.70.
22. V. Yushchenko, "Nasha Ukrayina" Vidmiryaye Vsyome," Dzerkalo Tyzhnya, August 30, 2002. http://gazeta.dt.ua/ARCHIVE/nasha-ukrayina- vidmiryae-vsome.html.
23. See Marta Dyczok. 2006. "Was Kuchma's Censorship Effective Mass Media in Ukraine before 2004," Europe-Asia Studies 58: 2 (March): 215-238.
24. Andrew Wilson. 2005. Ukraine's Orange Revolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005, 62.
25. Andrew Wilson. 2005. Virtual Politics, Faking Democracy in the Post-Soviet World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 155.
26. This portion of the M. Melnychenko tapes is transcribed in Ukrayinska Pravda, July 6, 2005. http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2005/07/6/3011330/. Petro Poroshenko cited by Ukrayina Moloda, July 25, 2000.
27. Oleksandr Chubatenko, "Solidarnist" Pochynaye-i Vyhraye," Viche, no.4, 2000. 29.
28. M. Melnychenko "Poroshenko-Yushchenko: Slukhay, nu choho ty pryvyazavsya do tsiyeii dury!" Ukrayinska Pravda, July 6, 2005.
29. http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2005/07/6/3011330/. Yushchenko interviewed on Ukrainian Public Radio, September 19, 2002.
30. Interview with Serhiy Skrypnyk, Personal Assistant to P. Poroshenko in 2000-2004, Kyiv, August 28, 2004.
31. See Jason Campbell, The Mariyinsky Palace Negotiations: Maintaining Peace Throughout Ukraine's Orange Revolution. Paper produced by the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School and Steven Pifer. 2007.
32. "European Mediators and Ukraine's Orange Revolution," Problems of Post-Communism 54: 6 (November-December): 28-42.
33. Ukrayinska Pravda, June 29, 2005.
34. L. Kuchma, Posle Maydana, p.36.
35. I. Plyushch cited by Holos Ukrainy, December 27, 2001.
36. See T. Kuzio. 2012. "UDAR-Our Ukraine Pragmatists in a Radical Opposition Era," Eurasia Daily Monitor 9: 197 (29 October). http://www.jamestown.org/single/no-cache=1&tx-ttnews[tt-news]=40030.
37. Serhiy Leshchenko, "Yaltynskyy kastinh na krisla Yanukovycha i Azarova," Ukrayinska Pravda, September 19, 2011.
38. www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2011/09/19/6597613/.
39. Andriy Skumin and Svyatoslav Polotskyy, "Acting Leader The leader of the biggest opposition faction in parliament appears too inconsistent and unpredictable to inspire trust in the majority of Ukrainian voters,"
40. The Ukrainian Week, February 8, 2013. http://ukrainianweek. com/Politics/71853. There are no photographs of Yatsenyuk on the Maydan or in the Orange Revolution.
41. The Democratic Front, a party registered in June 2007, was renamed the People's Labor Par ty "Democratic Front" in September 2009.
42. In September 2009, the name was again changed to Front for Change Political Party and a month later to Front for Change. In November 2009, Yatsenyuk, head of the Front for Change civic NGO, was elected leader of Front for Change.
43. "Ukraine: Firtash Returns to Set the Record Straight," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, March 6, 2009, http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/03/09KYIV427.html.
44. "Ukraine: Oligarch Pinchuk on Nikopol Ferroalloy and Post-Election Politics," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, February 2, 2006, http://wikileaks.org/cable/ 2006/02/06KIEV456.html
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46. "Yatsenyuk Claims He Has Forty From OU-PSD For New Regions-Led Coalition," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, February 19, 2010, http://wikileaks.org/ cable/2010/02/10KYIV264.html 44 Valeriy Chalyy worked with Yatsenyuk until resigning in September 2011 in protest of negotiations with Akhmetov.
47. Interview with V. Chalyy, Krynica, September 8 and Washington DC, December 9, 2011.
48. The exception was a failed attempt by Tymoshenko to negotiate a coalition with Yanukovych in spring 2009.
49. Serhiy Leshchenko and Mustafa Nayem,"Partiya rehioniv usynovyla Serhiya Tihipka." Ukrayinska Pravda, March 18, 2012. http://www.pravda.com. ua/articles/2012/03/18/6960874/.
50. "Politychna Zayava Yuriya Lutsenka" Ukrayinskyy Tyzhden, February 16, 2012, http://tyzhden.ua/Politics/42449
51. Serhiy Kudelia. 2011 "Politics and democracy in ukraine" T. Kuzio and Daniel Hamilton eds., Open Ukraine. Changing Course Towards a European Future. Washington DC: Center for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, 3. The book is available for download at: http://www.his.com/ ~pete/CTR/Open-Ukraine/Open-Ukraine.pdf
52. Anders Aslund. 2009. How Ukraine Became a Democracy and Market Economy, Washington: Petersen Institute of International Economics, 231-232.
53. Ibid, pp. 231-232.
54. Margarita Balmaceda. 2008. Energy Dependency, Politics and Corruption in the Former Soviet Union. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 137. 52 "Pro rishennya Rady natsionalnoyi bezpeky i oborony Ukrayiny vid 10 lyutoho 2009 roku 'Pro nevidkladni zakhody shchodo zabezpechennya enerhetychnoyi bezpeky Ukrayiny,'" Presidential decree 82/2009.
55. http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/8915.html.
56. and http://www.rnbo.gov.ua/documents/222.html.
57. The Ukrainian-language report is available at http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/ pls/zweb-n/webp roc4-2id=&pf3516=10211&skl=7.
58. and the English-language report at http://www.modernukraine. eu/government-legal-report-temporary-inquiry-commission-of-the-verkhovnarada-on- the-investigation-into-the-signing-of-gas-contracts-between-national-jsc- naftogazukrainy-and-ojsc-gazprom/#more-352
59. Tetyana Nikolayenko, and Kataryna Abramchuk, "KOD vlady "Yushchenko", Ukrayinska Pravda, February 21, 2012. http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/02/21/6959129/.
60. See T. Kuzio. 2011. "Yulia Tymoshenko's Imprisonment: The Yushchenko Factor," Eurasia Daily Monitor 8: 205 (November 7).
61. http://www.jamestown.org/single/no-cache=1&tx-ttnews%5Btt-news%5D= 38637
62. V. Yushchenko cited in Weekly.ua, February 16, 2012.
63. Oleksandr Turchynov, cited in Izvestia v Ukraini, March 17, 2012. http://www.izvestia. com.ua/ru/news/28075
64. Y. Yekhanurov cited in Ukrayinska Pravda, July 14, 2011.
65. "Tymoshenko Does Better Than Expected But Falls Short; NGO's Declare Election Free and Fair," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, February 8, 2010, http://wikileaks.org/cable/2010/02/10KYIV199. html#
66. "Ukraine: IUD's Taruta on Regions, Elections, and Gas Deals," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, September 13, 2009, http://wikileaks.org/cable/2007/09/ 07KYIV2286.html#
67. "Party of Regions Reacts to Gas Deal," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, January 29, 2009, http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/01/09KYIV196.html#.
68. "Ukraine: Firtash Returns to Set the Record Straight," U.S. Embassy Kyiv, March 6, 2009, http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/03/09KYIV427.html#.
69. Opinion poll at http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2013/03/6/6984966/
70. Joel S. Hellman. 1998. "Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions," World Politics 50: 2 (January): 203-234.
71. See T. Kuzio. 2012. "Yanukovych Awaits a Third Term or a Third Sentence," Eurasia Daily Monitor, 9: 25 (February 6). http://www.jamestown. org/single/no-cache=1&tx-ttnews[tt-news]=38977
72. Yaroslaw Hrytsak interviewed in Expres, February 18, 2002. http://expres.ua/main/2012/02/18/60595.
73. "Viktor ludorum," The Economist, July 5, 2007. http://www.economist.com/node/17046645.
74. L. Kuchma, Posle Maydana, p.342 and p.684.
75. Ukrayinska Pravda, October 14, 2005.
76. Leonid Kravchuk "'Novyi Tsentrism' zi Skladnoyu Nazvoyu," Den, November 21, 2000. http://www.day.kiev.ua/uk/article/podrobici/noviy-centrizm- zi-skladnoyu-nazvoyu.
77. Nadia Trofimova, "Holovnyy "podatkivets" krayiny ocholyv Partiyu Rehioniv," Den, March 6, 2001.
78. http://www.day.kiev.ua/uk/article/podrobici/golovniy-podatkivec-krayini- ocholiv-partiyu-regioniv. Ukrayinska Pravda, September 22, 2001.
79. "Is Yushchenko's Our Ukraine Kuchma's "Political Project" RFERL Poland, Belarus, Ukraine Report, September 25, 2001. http://www.rferl.org/ content/article/1344141.html
80. Interview with Anatoliy Rachok, General Director of the Razumkov Ukrainian Center for Economic and Political Studies, Kyiv, September 13, 2011.
81. Oleksandr Volkov, cited by Ukrayinska Pravda, February 12, 2003.
82. Roman Besmertnyy cited in Ukrayinska Pravda, September 18, 2002.
83. Ukrayinska Pravda, September 5, 2002.
84. David R. Sands, "Ukraine: Party Defector Anatoliy Kinakh Denies He Precipitated Political Crisis," The Washington Times, April 14, 2007.
85. See www.razom.org.ua, September 20, 2002.
86. and Volodymyr Harbuz. 2002. Povstan Ukraiyino. Serpen-Veresen. Kyiv: Prosvita, 123-125.
87. Peter Baker, "Popular Figure in Ukraine Has A Muddle Way. Enigmatic Ex-Premier Pursues Compromise at a Tense Time," The Washington Post, September 18, 2002.
88. See S. Kudelia. 2010. "Betting on Society: Power Perceptions and Elite Games in Ukraine" in Paul D'Anieri ed., Orange Revolution and Aftermath: Mobilization, Apathy, and the State in Ukraine. Washington and Baltimore: Woodrow Wilson International Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 160-192.
89. After Kuchma left office some members of the hardline SDPU, which had become marginalized and failed to enter parliament in 2006, such as Bohdan Hubskyy and Andriy Portnov, joined BYuT. Medvedchuk unofficially supported Tymoshenko in the 2010 elections.
90. See S. Kudelia, "Authoritarian Manifesto: Medvedchuk Shows His Hand," Ukraine's 2010
91. Election Watch, Petro Jacyk Centre for the Study of Ukraine, University of Toronto, December 11, 2009. http://www.utoronto.ca/jacyk/ElectionWatch/Blog/ Entries/2009/12/11-Authoritarian-Manifesto-Medvedchuk-Shows-His-Hand-Serhiy- Kudelia.html.
92. A. Wilson, Ukraine's Orange Revolution, p.61.
93. See T. Kuzio. 2012. "Yanukovych Provides a Krysha for Organized Crime," Eurasia Daily Monitor 9: 34 (17 February) http://www.jamestown.org/ single/no-cache=1&tx-ttnews[tt-news]=39024
94. Aslund credits the Yushchenko government with making Ukraine's market economy irreversible and Kuchma with establishing a reform team "that was to last."
95. The team drew upon what Aslund describes as "nationalist liberal economists," such as Pynzenyk and Yushchenko who were the political forces that would go on to support the 2004 Orange Revolution.
96. The government brought together a team of reformers who, "were more experienced and knowledgeable than in 1994 and ready to play hardball." How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy, pp.45 and 133.
97. See T. Kuzio. 2011. "Political Culture and Democracy: Ukraine as an Immobile State," East European Politics and Society 25: 1 (February), 88-113.