메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 277-297

Rectal cancer staging: Focus on the prognostic significance of the findings described by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging

Author keywords

Group meeting; Magnetic resonance imaging; Prognosis; Rectal cancer; Staging; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DISTANT METASTASIS; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT; RECTUM CANCER; RECURRENCE FREE SURVIVAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME;

EID: 84883085984     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14707330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0028     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (155)
  • 1
    • 0037340550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative assessment of prognostic factors in rectal cancer using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging
    • DOI 10.1002/bjs.4034
    • Brown G, Radcliffe AG, Newcombe RG, Dallimore NS, Bourne MW, Williams GT. Preoperative assessment of prognostic factors in rectal cancer using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Surg 2003; 90: 355-364. doi:10.1002/bjs.4034. PMid:12594673. (Pubitemid 36324117)
    • (2003) British Journal of Surgery , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-364
    • Brown, G.1    Radcliffe, A.G.2    Newcombe, R.G.3    Dallimore, N.S.4    Bourne, M.W.5    Williams, G.T.6
  • 2
    • 79957998013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal cancer: Primary staging and assessment after chemoradiotherapy
    • doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.02.002. PMid:2164-5861
    • Evans J, Patel U, Brown G. Rectal cancer: primary staging and assessment after chemoradiotherapy. Semin Radiat Oncol 2011; 21: 169-177. doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.02.002. PMid:2164-5861.
    • (2011) Semin Radiat Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 169-177
    • Evans, J.1    Patel, U.2    Brown, G.3
  • 4
    • 33750071992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: Prospective observational study
    • Mercury Study Group
    • Mercury Study Group. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: prospective observational study. BMJ 2006; 333: 779.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.333 , pp. 779
  • 5
    • 84860895570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of mri for assessment of t category, lymph node metastases, and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer: A systemic review and meta-analysis
    • doi101245/s10434-011-2210-5 PMid22271205
    • Al-Sukhni E, Milot L, Fruitman M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for assessment of T category, lymph node metastases, and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 2212-2223. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-2210- 5. PMid:22271205.
    • (2012) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2212-2223
    • Al-Sukhni, E.1    Milot, L.2    Fruitman, M.3
  • 6
    • 80053593224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging-detected tumor response for locally advanced rectal cancer predicts survival outcomes: Mercury experience
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.34.9068. PMid:-21876084
    • Patel UB, Taylor F, Blomqvist L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-detected tumor response for locally advanced rectal cancer predicts survival outcomes: MERCURY experience. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 3753-3760. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.34.9068. PMid:-21876084.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 3753-3760
    • Patel, U.B.1    Taylor, F.2    Blomqvist, L.3
  • 7
    • 83055194735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mri predictive factors for long-term outcomes of low rectal tumours
    • doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1776-2PMid:21590-453
    • Shihab OC, Taylor F, Salerno G, et al. MRI predictive factors for long-term outcomes of low rectal tumours. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 18: 3278-3284. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1776-2. PMid:2159-0-453.
    • (2011) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 3278-3284
    • Shihab, O.C.1    Taylor, F.2    Salerno, G.3
  • 8
    • 84867400688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological response to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2309-3. PMid:-22-526897
    • Patel UB, Brown G, Rutten H, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological response to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 2842-2852. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2309- 3. PMid:-22-526897.
    • (2012) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2842-2852
    • Patel, U.B.1    Brown, G.2    Rutten, H.3
  • 9
    • 84866857611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mri after treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: How to report tumor response -The mercury experience
    • doi:10.2214/AJR.11.8210
    • Patel UB, Blomqvist LK, Taylor F, et al. MRI after treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: how to report tumor response -the MERCURY experience. AJR 2012; 199: 486-495. doi:10.2214/AJR.11.8210.
    • (2012) AJR , vol.199 , pp. 486-495
    • Patel, U.B.1    Blomqvist, L.K.2    Taylor, F.3
  • 10
    • 55549146444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mri for detection of extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer
    • doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1298. PMid:-18941094
    • Smith NJ, Shihab O, Arnaout A, Swift RI, Brown G. MRI for detection of extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. AJR 2008; 191: 1517-1522. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1298. PMid:-18941094.
    • (2008) AJR , vol.191 , pp. 1517-1522
    • Smith, N.J.1    Shihab, O.2    Arnaout, A.3    Swift, R.I.4    Brown, G.5
  • 11
    • 38349123065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imagingdetected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1002/bjs.5917. PMid:17932879
    • Smith NJ, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, Swift RI, Abulafi AM, Brown G. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imagingdetected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2008; 95: 229-236. doi:10.1002/bjs.5917. PMid:17932879.
    • (2008) Br J Surg , vol.95 , pp. 229-236
    • Smith, N.J.1    Barbachano, Y.2    Norman, A.R.3    Swift, R.I.4    Abulafi, A.M.5    Brown, G.6
  • 13
    • 37549039134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative staging of rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1080/02841860701697720. PMid:-17957502
    • Smith N, Brown G. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Acta Oncol 2008; 47: 20-31. doi:10.1080/02841860701697720. PMid:-17957502.
    • (2008) Acta Oncol , vol.47 , pp. 20-31
    • Smith, N.1    Brown, G.2
  • 14
    • 34147194443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extramural depth of tumor invasion at thin-section mr in patients with rectal cancer: Results of the mercury study
    • Mercury Study Group
    • Mercury Study Group. Extramural depth of tumor invasion at thin-section MR in patients with rectal cancer: results of the Mercury Study. Radiology 2007; 243: 132-139.
    • (2007) Radiology , vol.243 , pp. 132-139
  • 15
    • 53449095683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the multidisciplinary treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and the impact on clinical practice: Perioperative management of rectal cancer
    • Cervantes A, Rosell-o S, Rodrguez-Braun E, et al. Progress in the multidisciplinary treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and the impact on clinical practice: perioperative management of rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2008; 19(Suppl 7): 266-272.
    • (2008) Ann Oncol , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 266-272
    • Cervantes, A.1    Rosello, S.2    Rodrguez-Braun, E.3
  • 16
    • 79953188304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can identify good prognosis stage i, ii and iii rectal cancer best managed by surgery alone
    • doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820b8d52. PMid:21475011
    • Taylor F, Quirke P, Heald R, et al. Preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can identify good prognosis stage I, II and III rectal cancer best managed by surgery alone. Ann Surg 2011; 253: 711-719. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820b8d52. PMid:21475011.
    • (2011) Ann Surg , vol.253 , pp. 711-719
    • Taylor, F.1    Quirke, P.2    Heald, R.3
  • 17
    • 84862492449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse features on rectal mri identify a high-risk group that may benefit from more intensive preoperative staging and treatment
    • doi:10.1245/s10434-011-2036-1. PMid:-21913017
    • Hunter C, Garant A, Vuong T, et al. Adverse features on rectal MRI identify a high-risk group that may benefit from more intensive preoperative staging and treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 1199-1205. doi:10.1245/s10434- 011-2036-1. PMid:-21913017.
    • (2012) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 1199-1205
    • Hunter, C.1    Garant, A.2    Vuong, T.3
  • 19
    • 67650938906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidisciplinary rectal cancer management: 2nd european rectal cancer consensus conference (eureca-cc2)
    • doi101016/jradonc200906027-PMid19595467
    • Valentini V, Aristei C, Grimelius B, et al. Multidisciplinary rectal cancer management: 2nd European Rectal Cancer Consensus Conference (EURECA-CC2). Radiother Oncol 2009; 92: 148-163. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2009.06.027. PMid:19595467.
    • (2009) Radiother Oncol , vol.92 , pp. 148-163
    • Valentini, V.1    Aristei, C.2    Grimelius, B.3
  • 20
    • 44449138168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decision analysis model predicts the optimal treatment pathway for patients with colorectal cancer and resectable synchronous liver metastases
    • DOI 10.3816/CCC.2008.n.026
    • Aloia TA, Fahy BN. A decision analysis model predicts the optimal treatment pathway for patients with colorectal cancer and resectable synchronous liver metastases. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2008; 7: 197-201. doi:10.3816/CCC. 2008.n.026. PMid:-18-621638. (Pubitemid 351758150)
    • (2008) Clinical Colorectal Cancer , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-201
    • Aloia, T.A.1    Fahy, B.N.2
  • 21
    • 73449143555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of simultaneous and delayed resections of synchronous colorectal liver metastases
    • Slupski M, Wlodarczyk Z, Jasinski M, Masztalerz M, Tujakowski J. Outcomes of simultaneous and delayed resections of synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Can J Surg 2009; 52: 241-244.
    • (2009) Can J Surg , vol.52 , pp. 241-244
    • Slupski, M.1    Wlodarczyk, Z.2    Jasinski, M.3    Masztalerz, M.4    Tujakowski, J.5
  • 22
    • 57749179116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staged or simultaneous resection of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer-A systematic review
    • Erratum in: Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 540
    • Hillingso JG, Wille-Jorgensen P. Staged or simultaneous resection of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer-a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 3-10. Erratum in: Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 540.
    • (2009) Colorectal Dis , vol.11 , pp. 3-10
    • Hillingso, J.G.1    Wille-Jorgensen, P.2
  • 23
    • 33745843646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection of advanced synchronous liver metastases before treatment of the colorectal primary
    • DOI 10.1002/bjs.5346
    • Mentha G, Majno PE, Andres A, Rubbia-Brandt L, Morel P, Roth AD. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection of advanced synchronous liver metastases before treatment of the colorectal primary. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 872-878. doi:10.1002/bjs.5346. PMid:16671066. (Pubitemid 44035261)
    • (2006) British Journal of Surgery , vol.93 , Issue.7 , pp. 872-878
    • Mentha, G.1    Majno, P.E.2    Andres, A.3    Rubbia-Brandt, L.4    Morel, P.5    Roth, A.D.6
  • 24
    • 77952545035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical strategies for synchronous colorectal liver metastases in 156 consecutive patients: Classic combined or reverse strategy?
    • doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.-02.039.PMid:20510802
    • Brouquet A, Mortenson MM, Vauthey JN, et al. Surgical strategies for synchronous colorectal liver metastases in 156 consecutive patients: classic, combined or reverse strategy? J Am Coll Surg 2010; 210: 934-941. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.-02.039. PMid:20510802.
    • (2010) J Am Coll Surg , vol.210 , pp. 934-941
    • Brouquet, A.1    Mortenson, M.M.2    Vauthey, J.N.3
  • 25
    • 67650741749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of petct in the detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer
    • doi:10.1007/s11547-009-0393-7. PMid:-19444590
    • Orlacchio A, Schillaci O, Fusco N, et al. Role of PET/CT in the detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Radiol Med 2009; 114: 571-585. doi:10.1007/s11547-009-0393-7. PMid:-19444590.
    • (2009) Radiol Med , vol.114 , pp. 571-585
    • Orlacchio, A.1    Schillaci, O.2    Fusco, N.3
  • 26
    • 1842422119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Positron Emission Tomography Change Management in Primary Rectal Cancer? A Prospective Assessment
    • DOI 10.1007/s10350-003-0089-3
    • Heriot AG, Hicks RJ, Drummond EG, et al. Does positron emission tomography change management in primary rectal cancer? A prospective assessment. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 451-458. doi:10.1007/s10350-003-0089-3. PMid:14978612. (Pubitemid 38436650)
    • (2004) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 451-458
    • Heriot, A.G.1    Hicks, R.J.2    Drummond, E.G.P.3    Keck, J.4    Mackay, J.5    Chen, F.6    Kalff, V.7
  • 27
    • 45049083558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of 18f-fdg pet/ct in colorectal liver metastases -Comparison with ct and liver mri
    • doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0743-z. PMid:18347794
    • Kong G, Jackson C, Koh DM, et al. The use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in colorectal liver metastases -comparison with CT and liver MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35: 1323-1329. doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0743-z. PMid:18347794.
    • (2008) Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging , vol.35 , pp. 1323-1329
    • Kong, G.1    Jackson, C.2    Koh, D.M.3
  • 30
    • 84860907529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialist multidisciplinary team working in the treatment of cancer
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.e2780
    • Brown G. Specialist multidisciplinary team working in the treatment of cancer. BMJ 2012; 344: 2780. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2780.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. 2780
    • Brown, G.1
  • 31
    • 84860906122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of multidisciplinary team working on breast cancer survival: Results from a retrospective, comparative, interventional cohort study of 13722 women
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.e2718
    • Kesson EM, Allardice GM, George WD, Burns HJ, Morrison DS. Effects of multidisciplinary team working on breast cancer survival: results from a retrospective, comparative, interventional cohort study of 13722 women. BMJ 2012; 344: 2718. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2718.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. 2718
    • Kesson, E.M.1    Allardice, G.M.2    George, W.D.3    Burns, H.J.4    Morrison, D.S.5
  • 32
    • 32544450679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI directed multidisciplinary team preoperative treatment strategy: The way to eliminate positive circumferential margins?
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602947, PII 6602947
    • Burton S, Brown G, Daniels IR, Norman AR, Mason B, Cunningham D. MRI directed multidisciplinary team preoperative treatment strategy: the way to eliminate positive circumferential margins? Br J Cancer 2006; 94: 351-357. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602947. PMid:16465171. (Pubitemid 43237559)
    • (2006) British Journal of Cancer , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-357
    • Burton, S.1    Brown, G.2    Daniels, I.R.3    Norman, A.R.4    Mason, B.5    Cunningham, D.6
  • 33
    • 0033180254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival and local control after total mesorectal excision or D3 lymphadenectomy in the treatment of primary rectal cancer: An international analysis of 1411 patients
    • DOI 10.1053/ejso.1999.0659
    • Havenga K, Enker WE, Norstein J, et al. Improved survival and local control after total mesorectal excision or D3 lymphadenectomy in the treatment of primary rectal cancer: an international analysis of 1411 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999; 25: 368-374. doi:10.1053/ejso.1999.0659. PMid:10419706. (Pubitemid 29364222)
    • (1999) European Journal of Surgical Oncology , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 368-374
    • Havenga, K.1    Enker, W.E.2    Norstein, J.3    Moriya, Y.4    Heald, R.J.5    Van Houwelingen, H.C.6    Van De Velde, C.J.H.7
  • 35
    • 0031859317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal Cancer: The Basingstoke experience of total mesorectal excision, 1978-1997
    • DOI 10.1001/archsurg.133.8.894
    • Heald RJ, Moran BJ, Ryall RD, Sexton R, MacFarlane JK. Rectal cancer: the Basingstoke experience of total mesorectal excision, 1978-1997. Arch Surg 1998; 133: 894-899. doi:10.1001/archsurg. 133.8.894. PMid:9711965. (Pubitemid 28374285)
    • (1998) Archives of Surgery , vol.133 , Issue.8 , pp. 894-899
    • Heald, R.J.1    Moran, B.J.2    Ryall, R.D.H.3    Sexton, R.4    MacFarlane, J.K.5
  • 36
    • 0035975394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010580. PMid:11547717
    • Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 638-646. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010580. PMid:11547717.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 638-646
    • Kapiteijn, E.1    Marijnen, C.A.2    Nagtegaal, I.D.3
  • 38
    • 1842377447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer
    • Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial
    • Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 980-987.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 980-987
  • 39
    • 79958007851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for early-stage rectal cancer: An evolving paradigm?
    • doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.02.005. PMid:21645864
    • Hawkes EA, Cunningham D, Tait D, Brown G, Chau I. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for early-stage rectal cancer: an evolving paradigm? Semin Radiat Oncol 2011; 21: 196-202. doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.02.005. PMid:21645864.
    • (2011) Semin Radiat Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 196-202
    • Hawkes, E.A.1    Cunningham, D.2    Tait, D.3    Brown, G.4    Chau, I.5
  • 40
    • 6044226542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German rectal cancer study. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040694. PMid:15496622
    • Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al. German Rectal Cancer Study. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1731-1740. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040694. PMid:15496622.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1731-1740
    • Sauer, R.1    Becker, H.2    Hohenberger, W.3
  • 41
    • 33748433241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative short-course radiotherapy with preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1002/bjs.5506
    • Bujko K, Nowacki MP, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Michalski W, Bebenek M, Kryj M. Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative short-course radiotherapy with preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 1215-1223. doi:10.1002/bjs.5506. PMid:16983741. (Pubitemid 44547018)
    • (2006) British Journal of Surgery , vol.93 , Issue.10 , pp. 1215-1223
    • Bujko, K.1    Nowacki, M.P.2    Nasierowska-Guttmejer, A.3    Michalski, W.4    Bebenek, M.5    Kryj, M.6
  • 42
    • 84869108068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of short-course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with t3 rectal cancer: Trans-tasman radiation oncology group trial 01.04
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2012-.-42.9597. PMid:23008301
    • Ngan SY, Burmeister B, Fisher RJ, et al. Randomized trial of short-course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with T3 rectal cancer: Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial 01.04. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 3827-3833. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012-.-42. 9597. PMid:23008301.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 3827-3833
    • Ngan, S.Y.1    Burmeister, B.2    Fisher, R.J.3
  • 44
    • 0026071185 scopus 로고
    • Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199103143241101. PMid:1997835
    • Krook JE, Moertel CG, Gunderson LL, et al. Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 709-715. doi:10.1056/NEJM199103143241101. PMid:1997835.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 709-715
    • Krook, J.E.1    Moertel, C.G.2    Gunderson, L.L.3
  • 48
    • 33644846344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin followed by synchronous chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision in magnetic resonance imaging-defined poor-risk rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.4875
    • Chau I, Brown G, Cunningham D, et al. Neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin followed by synchronous chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision in magnetic resonance imagingdefined poor-risk rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 668-674. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.04.4875. PMid:16446339. (Pubitemid 46630432)
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Oncology , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 668-674
    • Chau, I.1    Brown, G.2    Cunningham, D.3    Tait, D.4    Wotherspoon, A.5    Norman, A.R.6    Tebbutt, N.7    Hill, M.8    Ross, P.J.9    Massey, A.10    Oates, J.11
  • 49
    • 84863743780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter randomized phase ii clinical trial comparing neoadjuvant oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and preoperative radiotherapy with or without cetuximab followed by total mesorectal excision in patients with high-risk rectal cancer (expert-c)
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.6036. PMid:22473163
    • Dewdney A, Cunningham D, Tabernero J, et al. Multicenter randomized phase II clinical trial comparing neoadjuvant oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and preoperative radiotherapy with or without cetuximab followed by total mesorectal excision in patients with high-risk rectal cancer (EXPERT-C). J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 1620-1627. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.6036. PMid:22473163.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 1620-1627
    • Dewdney, A.1    Cunningham, D.2    Tabernero, J.3
  • 50
    • 79959740431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locally advanced rectal cancer: A comparison of management strategies
    • doi:10.2165/11591330-000000000-00000. PMid:-21711061
    • Glynne-Jones R, Kronfli M. Locally advanced rectal cancer: a comparison of management strategies. Drugs 2011; 71: 1153-1177. doi:10.2165/11591330- 000000000-00000. PMid:-21711061.
    • (2011) Drugs , vol.71 , pp. 1153-1177
    • Glynne-Jones, R.1    Kronfli, M.2
  • 51
    • 0025341866 scopus 로고
    • Extent of mesorectal spread and involvement of lateral resection margin as prognostic factors after surgery for rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92631-Q
    • Cawthorn SJ, Parums DV, Gibbs NM, et al. Extent of mesorectal spread and involvement of lateral resection margin as prognostic factors after surgery for rectal cancer [see comments]. Lancet 1990; 335: 1055-1059. doi:10.1016/0140- 6736(90)92631-Q. PMid:1691810. (Pubitemid 20148648)
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , Issue.8697 , pp. 1055-1059
    • Cawthorn, S.J.1    Parums, D.V.2    Gibbs, N.M.3    A'Hern, R.P.4    Caffarey, S.M.5    Broughton, C.I.M.6    Marks, C.G.7
  • 52
    • 0032784713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical advances in the treatment of patients with rectal cancer [editorial comment]
    • doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00329-6. PMid:10613301
    • Willett CG. Technical advances in the treatment of patients with rectal cancer [editorial comment]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 45: 1107-1108. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00329-6. PMid:10613301.
    • (1999) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.45 , pp. 1107-1108
    • Willett, C.G.1
  • 54
    • 0033007459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in stage T3N0 rectal cancer: Do all patients require postoperative pelvic irradiation and chemotherapy?
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02237122
    • Willett CG, Badizadegan K, Ancukiewicz M, Shellito PC. Prognostic factors in stage T3N0 rectal cancer: do all patients require postoperative pelvic irradiation and chemotherapy? Dis Colon Rectum 1999; 42: 167-173. doi:10.1007/BF02237122. PMid:10211491. (Pubitemid 29085151)
    • (1999) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-173
    • Willett, C.G.1    Badizadegan, K.2    Ancukiewicz, M.3    Shellito, P.C.4
  • 55
    • 0036068090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent of mesorectal invasion is a prognostic indicator in T3 rectal carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02457.x
    • Steel MC, Woods R, Mackay JM, Chen F. Extent of mesorectal invasion is a prognostic indicator in T3 rectal carcinoma. ANZ J Surg 2002; 72: 483-487. doi:10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02457.x. PMid:12123507. (Pubitemid 34779377)
    • (2002) ANZ Journal of Surgery , vol.72 , Issue.7 , pp. 483-487
    • Steel, M.C.A.1    Woods, R.2    Mackay, J.M.3    Chen, F.4
  • 56
    • 33645465278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent of mesorectal tumor invasion as a prognostic factor after curative surgery for t3 rectal cancer patients
    • doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000205627.05769.08. PMid:-16552200
    • Miyoshi M, Ueno H, Hashiguchi Y, Mochizuki H, Talbot IC. Extent of mesorectal tumor invasion as a prognostic factor after curative surgery for T3 rectal cancer patients. Ann Surg 2006; 243: 492-498. doi:10.1097/01.sla. 0000205627.05769.08. PMid:-16552200.
    • (2006) Ann Surg , vol.243 , pp. 492-498
    • Miyoshi, M.1    Ueno, H.2    Hashiguchi, Y.3    Mochizuki, H.4    Talbot, I.C.5
  • 57
    • 80055098905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proforma-based reporting in rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2010.9092
    • Taylor F, Mangat N, Swift LR, Brown G. Proforma-based reporting in rectal cancer. Cancer Imaging 2010; 10: 142-150. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2010.9092.
    • (2010) Cancer Imaging , vol.10 , pp. 142-150
    • Taylor, F.1    Mangat, N.2    Swift, L.R.3    Brown, G.4
  • 58
    • 82455217293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of depth of extramural tumor spread and distance to circumferential resection margin at rectal mri: Enhancement of clinical guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy
    • doi:10.2214/AJR.11.6508. PMid:22109290
    • Pedersen BG, Moran B, Brown G, Blomqvist L, Fenger-Grøn M, Laurberg S. Reproducibility of depth of extramural tumor spread and distance to circumferential resection margin at rectal MRI: enhancement of clinical guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197: 1360-1366. doi:10.2214/AJR.11.6508. PMid:22109290.
    • (2011) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.197 , pp. 1360-1366
    • Pedersen, B.G.1    Moran, B.2    Brown, G.3    Blomqvist, L.4    Fenger-Grøn, M.5    Laurberg, S.6
  • 60
    • 0022466378 scopus 로고
    • Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision
    • Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, Williams NS. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet 1986; 1: 996-999. (Pubitemid 16005611)
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8514 , pp. 996-999
    • Quirke, P.1    Dixon, M.F.2    Durdey, P.3    Williams, N.S.4
  • 61
    • 26444597510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival in cancer of the colon and rectum in Sweden
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.05.002, PII S0748798305001381
    • Birgisson H, Talback M, Gunnarsson U, Pahlman L, Glimelius B. Improved survival in cancer of the colon and rectum in Sweden. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31: 845-853. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.-2005.05.002. PMid:15979269. (Pubitemid 41435253)
    • (2005) European Journal of Surgical Oncology , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 845-853
    • Birgisson, H.1    Talback, M.2    Gunnarsson, U.3    Pahlman, L.4    Glimelius, B.5
  • 62
    • 0030987864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic importance of peritoneal involvement in colonic cancer: A prospective evaluation
    • DOI 10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70119-7
    • Shepherd NA, Baxter KJ, Love SB. The prognostic importance of peritoneal involvement in colonic cancer: a prospective evaluation. Gastroenterology 1997; 112: 1096-1102. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70119-7. PMid:9097991. (Pubitemid 27157519)
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , Issue.4 , pp. 1096-1102
    • Shepherd, N.A.1    Baxter, K.J.2    Love, S.B.3
  • 63
    • 0029128198 scopus 로고
    • Influence of local peritoneal involvement on pelvic recurrence and prognosis in rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1136/jcp.48.9.849. PMid:7490320
    • Shepherd NA, Baxter KJ, Love SB. Influence of local peritoneal involvement on pelvic recurrence and prognosis in rectal cancer. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48: 849-855. doi:10.1136/jcp.48.9.849. PMid:7490320.
    • (1995) J Clin Pathol , vol.48 , pp. 849-855
    • Shepherd, N.A.1    Baxter, K.J.2    Love, S.B.3
  • 65
    • 0036122750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of the circumferential resection margin following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.02024.x
    • Wibe A, Rendedal PR, Svensson E, et al. Prognostic significance of the circumferential resection margin following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 327-334. doi:10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.02024.x. PMid:11872058. (Pubitemid 34227032)
    • (2002) British Journal of Surgery , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 327-334
    • Wibe, A.1    Rendedal, P.R.2    Svensson, E.3    Norstein, J.4    Eide, T.J.5    Myrvold, H.E.6    Soreide, O.7
  • 66
    • 0031852766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circumferential margin involvement after mesorectal excision of rectal cancer with curative intent: Predictor of survival but not local recurrence?
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02237384
    • Hall NR, Finan T, Al-Jaberi T, Tsang CS, Brown SR, Dixon MF, et al. Circumferential margin involvement after mesorectal excision of rectal cancer with curative intent. Predictor of survival but not local recurrence? Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41: 979-983. doi:10.1007/BF02237384. PMid:9715152. (Pubitemid 28369285)
    • (1998) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.41 , Issue.8 , pp. 979-983
    • Hall, N.R.1    Finan, P.J.2    Al-Jaberi, T.3    Tsang, C.S.4    Brown, S.R.5    Dixon, M.F.6    Quirke, P.7
  • 67
    • 0028103904 scopus 로고
    • Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92206-3
    • Adam IJ, Mohamdee MO, Martin IG, et al. Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer. Lancet 1994; 344: 707-711. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92206-3. PMid:7915774. (Pubitemid 24281421)
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , Issue.8924 , pp. 707-711
    • Adam, U.1    Mohamdee, M.O.2    Martin, I.G.3    Scott, N.4    Finan, P.J.5    Johnston, D.6    Dixon, M.F.7    Quirke, P.8
  • 68
    • 57149120640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic approach to the interpretation of preoperative staging mri for rectal cancer
    • doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1004. PMid:19020255
    • Taylor F, Swift R, Blomqvist L, Brown G. A systematic approach to the interpretation of preoperative staging MRI for rectal cancer. AJR 2008; 191: 1827-1835. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1004. PMid:19020255.
    • (2008) AJR , vol.191 , pp. 1827-1835
    • Taylor, F.1    Swift, R.2    Blomqvist, L.3    Brown, G.4
  • 69
    • 77956415095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging-detected lymph nodes close to the mesorectal fascia are rarely a cause of margin involvement after total mesorectal excision
    • doi:10.1002/bjs.7116. PMid:20603854
    • Shihab O, Quirke P, Heald R, Moran B, Brown G. Magnetic resonance imaging-detected lymph nodes close to the mesorectal fascia are rarely a cause of margin involvement after total mesorectal excision. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1431-1436. doi:10.1002/bjs.7116. PMid:20603854.
    • (2010) Br J Surg , vol.97 , pp. 1431-1436
    • Shihab, O.1    Quirke, P.2    Heald, R.3    Moran, B.4    Brown, G.5
  • 70
    • 77950209395 scopus 로고
    • The significance of vein invasion by cancer of the rectum and sigmoid: A microscopic study of 210 cases
    • doi:10.1002/1097-0142(194905)2:3-5429::AID-CNCR282002030743.0.CO;2-G. PMid:18131402
    • Sunderland D. The significance of vein invasion by cancer of the rectum and sigmoid: a microscopic study of 210 cases. Cancer 1949; 2: 429-437. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(194905)2:3-5429::AID-CNCR282002030743.0.CO;2-G. PMid:18131402.
    • (1949) Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 429-437
    • Sunderland, D.1
  • 71
    • 84964148746 scopus 로고
    • Venous spread in rectal cancer
    • PMid:19992363
    • Dukes C, Bussey HJ. Venous spread in rectal cancer. Proc R Soc Med 1941; 34: 571-573. PMid:19992363.
    • (1941) Proc R Soc Med , vol.34 , pp. 571-573
    • Dukes, C.1    Bussey, H.J.2
  • 72
    • 0019488281 scopus 로고
    • Invasion of veins by carcinoma of rectum: Method of detection, histological features and significance
    • Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton M, Hughes AO, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. Invasion of veins by carcinoma of rectum: method of detection, histological features and significance. Histopathology 1981; 5: 141-163. doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2559.1981.tb01774.x. PMid:7216178. (Pubitemid 11039331)
    • (1981) Histopathology , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-163
    • Talbot, I.C.1    Ritchie, S.2    Leighton, M.3
  • 73
    • 0023848242 scopus 로고
    • Vascular and neural invasion in colorectal carcinoma. Incidence and prognostic significance
    • Krasna MJ, Flancbaum L, Cody RP, Shneibaum S, Ben Ari G. Vascular and neural invasion in colorectal carcinoma. Incidence and prognostic significance. Cancer 1988; 61: 1018-1023. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19880301)61:551018::AID-CNCR2- 82061052743.0.CO;2-H. PMid:3338045. (Pubitemid 18058618)
    • (1988) Cancer , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 1018-1023
    • Krasna, M.J.1    Flancbaum, L.2    Cody, R.P.3    Shneibaum, S.4    Ari, G.B.5
  • 74
    • 0026015122 scopus 로고
    • A prospective clinicopathologic study of venous invasion in colorectal cancer
    • doi:10.1016/0002-9610(91)90073-M. PMid:1928581
    • Shirouzu K, Isomoto H, Kakegawa T, Morimatsu M. A prospective clinicopathologic study of venous invasion in colorectal cancer. Am J Surg 1991; 162: 216-222. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(91)90073-M. PMid:1928581.
    • (1991) Am J Surg , vol.162 , pp. 216-222
    • Shirouzu, K.1    Isomoto, H.2    Kakegawa, T.3    Morimatsu, M.4
  • 75
    • 0020617786 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of recurrence of rectal cancer after potentially curative surgery
    • DOI 10.1002/1097-0142(19831001)52:7<1317::AID-CNCR2820520731>3.0. CO;2-6
    • Rich T, Gunderson LL, Lew R, Galdibini JJ, Cohen AM, Donaldson G. Patterns of recurrence of rectal cancer after potentially curative surgery. Cancer 1983; 52: 1317-1329. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19831001)52:751317:: AIDCNCR282052073143.0. CO;2-6. PMid:6192900. (Pubitemid 13006473)
    • (1983) Cancer , vol.52 , Issue.7 , pp. 1317-1329
    • Rich, T.1    Gunderson, L.L.2    Lew, R.3
  • 76
    • 0025939253 scopus 로고
    • Venous and neural invasion as predictors of recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma
    • doi:10.1007/BF02051074. PMid:-1914747
    • Horn A, Dahl O, Morild I. Venous and neural invasion as predictors of recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1991; 34: 798-804. doi:10.1007/BF02051074. PMid:-1914747.
    • (1991) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.34 , pp. 798-804
    • Horn, A.1    Dahl, O.2    Morild, I.3
  • 77
    • 0018869478 scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of invasion of veins by rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1002/bjs.1800670619
    • Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton MH, Hughes AO, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. The clinical significance of invasion of veins by rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 439-442. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800670619. PMid:7388345. (Pubitemid 10059642)
    • (1980) British Journal of Surgery , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 439-442
    • Talbot, I.C.1    Ritchie, S.2    Leighton, M.H.3
  • 79
    • 0028176765 scopus 로고
    • From dukes through jass: Pathological prognostic indicators in rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1016/0046-8177(94)90122-8. PMid:8200644
    • Harrison JC, Dean PJ, el-Zeky F, Vander Zwaag R. From Dukes through Jass: pathological prognostic indicators in rectal cancer. Hum Pathol 1994; 25: 498-505. doi:10.1016/0046-8177(94)90122-8. PMid:8200644.
    • (1994) Hum Pathol , vol.25 , pp. 498-505
    • Harrison, J.C.1    Dean, P.J.2    El-Zeky, F.3    Vander Zwaag, R.4
  • 80
    • 0019364676 scopus 로고
    • Spread of rectal cancer within veins. Histologic features and clinical significance
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-9610(81)90004-0
    • Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton MH, Hughes AO, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. Spread of rectal cancer within veins. Histologic features and clinical significance. Am J Surg 1981; 14: 15-17. (Pubitemid 11170367)
    • (1981) American Journal of Surgery , vol.141 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-17
    • Talbot, I.C.1    Ritchie, S.2    Leighton, M.H.3
  • 81
    • 0021233261 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for operable rectal cancer
    • Freedman LS, Macaskill P, Smith AN. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for operable rectal cancer. Lancet 1984; 2: 733-736. PMid:6148482. (Pubitemid 14037045)
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8405 , pp. 733-736
    • Freedman, L.S.1    Macaskill, P.2    Smith, A.N.3
  • 82
    • 0022644238 scopus 로고
    • Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
    • Heald RJ, Ryall RD. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 1986; 1: 1479-1482. PMid:2425199. (Pubitemid 16095660)
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8496 , pp. 1479-1482
    • Heald, R.J.1    Ryall, R.D.H.2
  • 83
    • 0032886355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local recurrence after curative excision of the rectum for cancer without adjuvant therapy: Role of total anatomical dissection
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01216.x
    • Bokey EL, Ojerskog B, Chapuis P, Dent O, Newland RC, Sinclair G. Local recurrence after curative excision of the rectum for cancer without adjuvant therapy: role of total anatomical dissection. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 1164-1170. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01216.x. PMid:10504371. (Pubitemid 29427833)
    • (1999) British Journal of Surgery , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 1164-1170
    • Bokey, E.L.1    Ojerskog, B.2    Chapuis, P.H.3    Dent, O.F.4    Newland, R.C.5    Sinclair, G.6
  • 84
    • 77649233853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional lymph node metastasis and locoregional recurrence of rectal cancer in the era of tnm surgery. Implications for treatment decisions
    • doi101007/s00384-009-0864-2 PMid20012295
    • Hermanek P, Merkel S, Fietkau R, Rodel C, Hohenberger W. Regional lymph node metastasis and locoregional recurrence of rectal cancer in the era of TNM surgery. Implications for treatment decisions. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25: 359-368. doi:10.1007/s00384-009-0864-2. PMid:20012295.
    • (2010) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.25 , pp. 359-368
    • Hermanek, P.1    Merkel, S.2    Fietkau, R.3    Rodel, C.4    Hohenberger, W.5
  • 85
    • 0001554828 scopus 로고
    • The classification of cancer of the rectum
    • doi:10.1002/path.1700350303
    • Dukes CE. The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Pathol Bacteriol 1932; 35: 323-332. doi:10.1002/path.1700350303.
    • (1932) J Pathol Bacteriol , vol.35 , pp. 323-332
    • Dukes, C.E.1
  • 86
    • 0036168227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum
    • DOI 10.1007/s10350-004-6147-7
    • Nascimbeni R, Burgart LJ, Nivatvongs S, Larson DR. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45: 200-206. doi:10.1007/s10350-004-6147-7. PMid:11852333. (Pubitemid 34141943)
    • (2002) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-206
    • Nascimbeni, R.1    Burgart, L.J.2    Nivatvongs, S.3    Larson, D.R.4
  • 87
    • 0030660217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymph node involvement and tumor depth in rectal cancers: An analysis of 805 patients
    • Sitzler PJ, Seow-Choen F, Ho YH, Leong AP. Lymph node involvement and tumor depth in rectal cancers: An analysis of 805 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 1472-1476. doi:10.1007/BF02070714. PMid:9407987. (Pubitemid 27528287)
    • (1997) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.40 , Issue.12 , pp. 1472-1476
    • Sitzler, P.J.1    Seow-Choen, F.2    Ho, Y.H.3    Leong, A.P.K.4
  • 89
    • 33845297338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-Based Analyses of Lymph Node Metastases in Colorectal Cancer
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.07.016, PII S1542356506007737
    • Ricciardi R, Madoff RD, Rothenberger DA, Baxter NN. Population-based analyses of lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4: 1522-1527. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.07.016. PMid:16979956. (Pubitemid 44880022)
    • (2006) Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology , vol.4 , Issue.12 , pp. 1522-1527
    • Ricciardi, R.1    Madoff, R.D.2    Rothenberger, D.A.3    Baxter, N.N.4
  • 91
    • 28544450278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastatic potential in t1 and t2 colorectal cancer
    • PMid:16334758
    • Fang WL, Chang SC, Lin JK, et al. Metastatic potential in T1 and T2 colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2005; 52: 1688-1691. PMid:16334758.
    • (2005) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.52 , pp. 1688-1691
    • Fang, W.L.1    Chang, S.C.2    Lin, J.K.3
  • 92
    • 33947539031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organ preservation for rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.7840
    • Baxter N, Garc-Aguilar J. Organ preservation for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 1014-1020. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.09.7840. PMid:17350952. (Pubitemid 350002869)
    • (2007) Journal of Clinical Oncology , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 1014-1020
    • Baxter, N.N.1    Garcia-Aguilar, J.2
  • 93
    • 0037406971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphologic predictors of lymph node status in rectal cancer with use of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging with histopathologic comparison
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2272011747
    • Brown G, Richards CJ, Bourne MW, et al. Morphologic predictors of lymph node status in rectal cancer with use of high spatialresolution MR imaging with histopathologic comparison. Radiology 2003; 227: 371-377. doi:10.1148/radiol. 2272011747. PMid:12732695. (Pubitemid 36514749)
    • (2003) Radiology , vol.227 , Issue.2 , pp. 371-377
    • Brown, G.1    Richards, C.J.2    Bourne, M.W.3    Newcombe, R.G.4    Radcliffe, A.G.5    Dallimore, N.S.6    Williams, G.T.7
  • 94
    • 4544382535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution MR imaging for nodal staging in rectal cancer: Are there any criteria in addition to the size?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejrad.2003.12.005, PII S0720048X04000063, Multidetector Computed Tomography of the Abdomen
    • Kim JH, Beets GL, Kim MJ, Kessels AG, Beets-Tan RG. Highresolution MR imaging for nodal staging in rectal cancer: are there any criteria in addition to the size? Eur J Radiol 2004; 52: 78-83. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2003.12.005. PMid:15380850. (Pubitemid 39233657)
    • (2004) European Journal of Radiology , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-83
    • Kim, J.H.1    Beets, G.L.2    Kim, M.-J.3    Kessels, A.G.H.4    Beets-Tan, R.G.H.5
  • 95
    • 1642289329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal Cancer: Mesorectal Lymph Nodes at MR Imaging with USPIO versus Histopathologic Findings - Initial Observations
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2311030142
    • Koh DM, Brown G, Temple L, et al. Rectal cancer: mesorrectal lymph nodes at MR imaging with USPIO versus histopathologic findings -initial observations. Radiology 2004; 231: 91-99. doi:10.1148/radiol.2311030142. PMid:14976266. (Pubitemid 38379645)
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.231 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-99
    • Koh, D.-M.1    Brown, G.2    Temple, L.3    Raja, A.4    Toomey, P.5    Bett, N.6    Norman, A.R.7    Husband, J.E.8
  • 96
    • 77953255936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of nodal enhancement pattern of rectal cancer at mri enhanced with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: Findings in pathologically matched mesorectal lymph nodes
    • doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1819
    • Koh DM, George C, Temple L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of nodal enhancement pattern of rectal cancer at MRI enhanced with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: findings in pathologically matched mesorectal lymph nodes. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 194: 505-513. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1819.
    • (2010) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.194 , pp. 505-513
    • Koh, D.M.1    George, C.2    Temple, L.3
  • 97
    • 79951683610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of gadofosveset-enhanced mri for nodal staging and restaging in rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820b01f1. PMid:21239980
    • Lambregts DM, Beets GL, Maas M, et al. Accuracy of gadofosveset-enhanced MRI for nodal staging and restaging in rectal cancer. Ann Surg 2011; 253: 539-545. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820b01f1. PMid:21239980.
    • (2011) Ann Surg , vol.253 , pp. 539-545
    • Lambregts, D.M.1    Beets, G.L.2    Maas, M.3
  • 98
    • 84882261133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gadofosvesetenhanced mri for the assessment of rectal cancer lymph nodes: Predictive criteria
    • doi:10.1007/s00261-012-9957-9964
    • Lambregts DM, Heijnen LA, Maas M, et al. Gadofosvesetenhanced MRI for the assessment of rectal cancer lymph nodes: predictive criteria. Abdom Imaging 2012: doi:10.1007/s00261-012-9957-4.
    • (2012) Abdom Imaging
    • Lambregts, D.M.1    Heijnen, L.A.2    Maas, M.3
  • 99
    • 0029133149 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of local recurrence by extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1007/BF00311455. PMid:8555697
    • Suzuki K, Muto T, Sawada T. Prevention of local recurrence by extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer. Surg Today 1995; 25: 795-801. doi:10.1007/BF00311455. PMid:8555697.
    • (1995) Surg Today , vol.25 , pp. 795-801
    • Suzuki, K.1    Muto, T.2    Sawada, T.3
  • 100
    • 0028352686 scopus 로고
    • Extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer: Cure vs quality of life
    • Billingham RP. Extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer: cure vs quality of life. Int Surg 1994; 79: 11-22. PMid:8063549. (Pubitemid 24163837)
    • (1994) International Surgery , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-22
    • Billingham, R.P.1
  • 101
    • 0032997074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphovascular and neural invasion in low-lying rectal carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1525-1500.1999.09908.x
    • Moreira LF, Kenmotsu M, Gochi A, Tanaka N, Orita K. Lymphovascular and neural invasion in low-lying rectal carcinoma. Cancer Detect Prevent 1999; 23: 123-128. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1500.1999.09908.x. PMid:10101593. (Pubitemid 29139411)
    • (1999) Cancer Detection and Prevention , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-128
    • Moreira, L.F.1    Kenmotsu, M.2    Gochi, A.3    Tanaka, N.4    Orita, K.5
  • 105
    • 3042699803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total mesorectal excision results in low local recurrence rates in lymph node-positive rectal cancer
    • Cecil TD, Sexton R, Moran BJ, Heald RJ. Total mesorrectal excision results in low local recurrence rates in lymph node-positive rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 1145-1149. doi:10.1007/s10350-004-0086-6. PMid:15164243. (Pubitemid 38857061)
    • (2004) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 1145-1149
    • Cecil, T.D.1    Sexton, R.2    Moran, B.J.3    Heald, R.J.4
  • 106
    • 33845188630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor invasion of lymph node capsules in patients with Dukes C colorectal adenocarcinoma
    • DOI 10.1007/s10350-006-0733-9
    • Yano H, Saito Y, Kirihara Y, Takashima J. Tumor invasion of lymph node capsules in patients with Dukes C colorectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49: 1867-1877. doi:10.1007/s10350-006-0733-9. PMid:17080279. (Pubitemid 44853444)
    • (2006) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 1867-1877
    • Yano, H.1    Saito, Y.2    Kirihara, Y.3    Takashima, J.4
  • 107
    • 0031974065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of extranodal microscopic foci discontinuous with primary lesion in rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02236896
    • Ueno H, Mochizuki H, Tamakuma S. Prognostic significance of extranodal microscopic foci discontinuous with primary lesion in rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41: 55-61. doi:10.1007/BF02236896. PMid:9510311. (Pubitemid 28044876)
    • (1998) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-61
    • Ueno, H.1    Mochizuki, H.2    Tamakuma, S.3
  • 108
    • 0033817864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and localized pelvic nonnodal metastatic foci
    • doi:10.1007/BF02237424. PMid:11005486
    • Singh AK, Myerson RJ, Birnbaum EH, et al. Outcome of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and localized pelvic nonnodal metastatic foci. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 1217-1221. doi:10.1007/BF02237424. PMid:11005486.
    • (2000) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.43 , pp. 1217-1221
    • Singh, A.K.1    Myerson, R.J.2    Birnbaum, E.H.3
  • 110
    • 33644819648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dutch colorectal cancer group; pathology review committee. Low rectal cancer: A call for a change of approach in abdominoperineal resection
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.02.9231. PMid:-16361623
    • Nagtegaal ID, van de Velde CJH, Marijnen CAM, van Krieken JHJM, Quirke P. Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group; Pathology Review Committee. Low rectal cancer: a call for a change of approach in abdominoperineal resection. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 9257-9264. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.02.9231. PMid:-16361623.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 9257-9264
    • Nagtegaal, I.D.1    Van De Velde, C.J.H.2    Marijnen, C.A.M.3    Van Krieken, J.H.J.M.4    Quirke, P.5
  • 111
    • 0346100701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncological Outcomes after Total Mesorectal Excision for Cure for Cancer of the Lower Rectum: Anterior vs. Abdominoperineal Resection
    • DOI 10.1007/s10350-003-0012-y
    • Wibe A, Syse A, Andersen E, Tretli S, Myrvold HE, Soreide O. Oncological outcomes after total mesorectal excision for cure for cancer of the lower rectum: anterior vs. abdominoperineal resection. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 48-58. doi:10.1007/s10350-003-0012-y. PMid:14719151. (Pubitemid 38040245)
    • (2004) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-58
    • Wibe, A.1    Syse, A.2    Andersen, E.3    Tretli, S.4    Myrvold, H.E.5    Soreide, O.6
  • 112
    • 83055194735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mri predictive factors for long-term outcomes of low rectal tumours
    • doi101245/s10434-011-1776-2 PMid21590453
    • Shihab OC, Taylor F, Salerno G, et al. MRI predictive factors for long-term outcomes of low rectal tumours. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 18: 3278-3284. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1776-2. PMid:21590453.
    • (2011) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 3278-3284
    • Shihab, O.C.1    Taylor, F.2    Salerno, G.3
  • 113
    • 50249096223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites of surgical wasting in the abdominoperineal specimen
    • doi101002/bjs6231 PMid18690619
    • Salerno G, Chandler I, Wotherspoon A, Thomas K, Moran B, Brown G. Sites of surgical wasting in the abdominoperineal specimen. Br J Surg 2008; 95: 1147-1154. doi:10.1002/bjs.6231. PMid:18690619.
    • (2008) Br J Surg , Issue.95 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Salerno, G.1    Chandler, I.2    Wotherspoon, A.3    Thomas, K.4    Moran, B.5    Brown, G.6
  • 114
    • 59949099012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mri staging of low rectal cancer
    • doi101007/s00330-008-1184-6 PMid18810451
    • Shihab OC, Moran BJ, Heald RJ, Quirke P, Brown G. MRI staging of low rectal cancer. Eur Radiol 2009; 19: 643-650. doi:10.1007/s00330-008-1184-6. PMid:18810451.
    • (2009) Eur Radiol , vol.19 , pp. 643-650
    • Shihab, O.C.1    Moran, B.J.2    Heald, R.J.3    Quirke, P.4    Brown, G.5
  • 115
    • 0023740211 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of local recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination
    • doi:10.1007/BF01645318. PMid:3045231
    • Quirke P, Dixon MF. The prediction of local recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination. Int J Colorectal Dis 1988; 3: 127-131. doi:10.1007/BF01645318. PMid:3045231.
    • (1988) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.3 , pp. 127-131
    • Quirke, P.1    Dixon, M.F.2
  • 116
    • 70649084124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the surgical planes on mri improves surgery for cancer of the low rectum
    • doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70084-1. PMid:19959077
    • Shihab OC, Heald R, Rullier E, Brown G, Holm T, Quirke P. Defining the surgical planes on MRI improves surgery for cancer of the low rectum. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10: 1207-1211. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70084-1. PMid:19959077.
    • (2009) Lancet Oncol , vol.10 , pp. 1207-1211
    • Shihab, O.C.1    Heald, R.2    Rullier, E.3    Brown, G.4    Holm, T.5    Quirke, P.6
  • 117
    • 66849091422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging prediction of an involved surgical resection margin in low rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181a0a37e. PMid:-19404067
    • Salerno G, Daniels I, Moran B, Heald R, Thomas K, Brown G. Magnetic resonance imaging prediction of an involved surgical resection margin in low rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52: 632-639. doi:10.1007/DCR. 0b013e3181a0a37e. PMid:-19404067.
    • (2009) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.52 , pp. 632-639
    • Salerno, G.1    Daniels, I.2    Moran, B.3    Heald, R.4    Thomas, K.5    Brown, G.6
  • 118
    • 0035975394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010580. PMid:11547717
    • Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 638-646. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010580. PMid:11547717.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 638-646
    • Kapiteijn, E.1    Marijnen, C.A.2    Nagtegaal, I.D.3
  • 119
    • 0038115238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncologic results following abdominoperineal resection for adenocarcinoma of the low rectum
    • DOI 10.1007/s10350-004-6675-1
    • Dehni N, McFadden N, McNamara DA, Guiguet M, Tiret E, Parc R. Oncologic results following abdominoperineal resection for adenocarcinoma of the low rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2003; 46: 867-874; discussion 874. doi:10.1007/s10350- 004-6675-1. PMid:12847358. (Pubitemid 36875480)
    • (2003) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 867-874
    • Dehni, N.1    McFadden, N.2    McNamara, D.A.3    Guiguet, M.4    Tiret, E.5    Parc, R.6    Heald, R.J.7
  • 120
    • 0030745695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum - An endangered operation
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02055425
    • Heald RJ, Smedh RK, Kald A, Sexton R, Moran BJ. Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum: an endangered operation. Norman Nigro Lectureship. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 747-751. doi:10.1007/BF02055425. PMid:9221846. (Pubitemid 27295041)
    • (1997) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 747-751
    • Heald, R.J.1    Smedh, R.K.2    Kald, A.3    Sexton, R.4    Moran, B.J.5
  • 121
    • 70350520050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locally advanced rectal cancer: Added value of diffusion-weighted mr imaging in the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo and radiation therapy
    • doi:10.1148/radiol.2532090027. PMid:19789256
    • Kim SH, Lee JM, Hong SH, et al. Locally advanced rectal cancer: added value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo and radiation therapy. Radiology 2009; 253: 116-125. doi:10.1148/radiol.2532090027. PMid:19789256.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.253 , pp. 116-125
    • Kim, S.H.1    Lee, J.M.2    Hong, S.H.3
  • 123
    • 3242808840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal cancer: Review with emphasis on mr imaging
    • doi:10.1148/radiol.2322021326. PMid:15286305
    • Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL. Rectal cancer: review with emphasis on MR imaging. Radiology. 2004; 232: 335-436. doi:10.1148/radiol.2322021326. PMid:15286305.
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.232 , pp. 335-436
    • Beets-Tan, R.G.1    Beets, G.L.2
  • 124
    • 16344377704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques and trouble-shooting in high spatial resolution thin slice MRI for rectal cancer
    • DOI 10.1259/bjr/33540239
    • Brown G, Daniels IR, Richardson C, Revell P, Peppercorn D, Bourne M. Techniques and trouble-shooting in high spatial resolution thin slice MRI for rectal cancer. Br J Radiol 2005; 78: 245-251. doi:10.1259/bjr/33540239. PMid:15730990. (Pubitemid 40467647)
    • (2005) British Journal of Radiology , vol.78 , Issue.927 , pp. 245-251
    • Brown, G.1    Daniels, I.R.2    Richardson, C.3    Revell, P.4    Peppercorn, D.5    Bourne, M.6
  • 126
    • 0032944036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal adenocarcinoma: Assessment of tumour involvement of the lateral resection margin by MRI of resected specimen
    • Blomqvist L, Rubio C, Holm T, Machado M, Hindmarsh T. Rectal adenocarcinoma: assessment of tumour involvement of the lateral resection margin by MRI of resected specimen. Br J Radiol 1999; 72: 18-23. PMid:10341684. (Pubitemid 29067253)
    • (1999) British Journal of Radiology , vol.72 , Issue.JAN. , pp. 18-23
    • Blomqvist, L.1    Rubio, C.2    Holm, T.3    Machado, M.4    Hindmarsh, T.5
  • 127
    • 51649098469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of rectal cancer mri protocols on interpretation accuracy
    • doi:10.1186/1477-7819-6-89. PMid18715510
    • Suzuki C, Torkzad MR, Tanaka S, et al. The importance of rectal cancer MRI protocols on interpretation accuracy. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6: 89. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-6-89. PMid:18715510.
    • (2008) World J Surg Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 89
    • Suzuki, C.1    Torkzad, M.R.2    Tanaka, S.3
  • 129
    • 34948846004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who to treat with adjuvant therapy in Dukes B/stage II colorectal cancer? The need for high quality pathology
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.2006.116830
    • Morris EJ, Maughan NJ, Forman D, Quirke P. Who to treat with adjuvant therapy in Dukes B/stage II colorectal cancer? The need for high quality pathology. Gut 2007; 56: 1419-1425. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.116830. PMid:17494107. (Pubitemid 47517838)
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1419-1425
    • Morris, E.J.A.1    Maughan, N.J.2    Forman, D.3    Quirke, P.4
  • 130
    • 84866768343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelvic colorectal recurrence: Crucial role of radiologists in oncologic and surgical treatment options
    • doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2011.9025
    • Georgiou PA, Tekkis PP, Brown G. Pelvic colorectal recurrence: crucial role of radiologists in oncologic and surgical treatment options. Cancer Imaging 2011; 11: 103-111. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2011.9025.
    • (2011) Cancer Imaging , vol.11 , pp. 103-111
    • Georgiou, P.A.1    Tekkis, P.P.2    Brown, G.3
  • 131
    • 0019507419 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of recurrence following curative resection alone for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon
    • DOI 10.1002/1097-0142(19810915)48:6<1492::AID-CNCR2820480636>3.0. CO;2-K
    • Rao AR, Kagan AR, Chan PM, Gilbert HA, Nussbaum H, Hintz BL. Patterns of recurrence following curative resection alone for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Cancer 1981; 48: 1492-1495. doi:10.1002/1097-0142-(19810915) 48:651492::AID-CNCR28204806364-3.0.CO;2-K. PMid:7272970. (Pubitemid 11042606)
    • (1981) Cancer , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 1492-1495
    • Rao, A.R.1    Kagan, A.R.2    Chan, P.M.3
  • 132
    • 0021327860 scopus 로고
    • Local recurrence following 'curative' surgery for large bowel cancer: II. The rectum and rectosigmoid
    • Phillips RK, Hittinger R, Blesovsky L, Fry JS, Fielding LP. Local recurrence following curative surgery for large bowel cancer: II. The rectum and rectosigmoid. Br J Surg 1984; 71: 17-20. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800710105. PMid:6689963. (Pubitemid 14214646)
    • (1984) British Journal of Surgery , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-20
    • Phillips, R.K.S.1    Hittinger, R.2    Blesovsky, L.3
  • 133
    • 0017183752 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of recurrence following surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum
    • doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197606)37:652861::AID-CNCR282037064343.0.CO;2-3. PMid:949706
    • Cass AW, Million RR, Pfaff WW. Patterns of recurrence following surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1976; 37: 2861-2865. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197606)37:652861::AID-CNCR282037064343.0.CO;2-3. PMid:949706.
    • (1976) Cancer , vol.37 , pp. 2861-2865
    • Cass, A.W.1    Million, R.R.2    Pfaff, W.W.3
  • 135
    • 64049115717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of serial ct/magnetic resonance imaging review vs. Positron emission tomography/ct in colorectal cancer patients with suspected and known recurrence
    • doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e31819d11e6. PMid:19279420
    • Potter KC, Husband JE, Houghton SL, Thomas K, Brown G. Diagnostic accuracy of serial CT/magnetic resonance imaging review vs. positron emission tomography/CT in colorectal cancer patients with suspected and known recurrence. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52: 253-259. doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e31819d11e6. PMid:19279420.
    • (2009) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.52 , pp. 253-259
    • Potter, K.C.1    Husband, J.E.2    Houghton, S.L.3    Thomas, K.4    Brown, G.5
  • 136
    • 20244376578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: A practice guideline
    • doi:10.1186/1471-2407-3-26. PMid14529575
    • Figueredo A, Rumble RB, Maroun J, et al. Follow-up of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: a practice guideline. BMC Cancer 2003; 3: 26. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-3-26. PMid:14529575.
    • (2003) BMC Cancer , vol.3 , Issue.26
    • Figueredo, A.1    Rumble, R.B.2    Maroun, J.3
  • 137
    • 0036370988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up strategies for patients treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer
    • PMid:17253476
    • Jeffery GM, Hickey BE, Hider P. Follow-up strategies for patients treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002: CD002200. PMid:17253476.
    • (2002) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Jeffery, G.M.1    Hickey, B.E.2    Hider, P.3
  • 138
    • 0037029304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • 813. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7341.813. PMid:11934773
    • Renehan AG, Egger M, Saunders MP, O-Dwyer ST. Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2002; 324: 813. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7341.813. PMid:11934773.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324
    • Renehan, A.G.1    Egger, M.2    Saunders, M.P.3    O-Dwyer, S.T.4
  • 140
    • 33644696421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer surveillance: 2005 update of an american society of clinical oncology practice guideline
    • Desch CE, Benson AB, 3rd. Somerfield MR, et al. Colorectal cancer surveillance: 2005 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 8512-8519.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 8512-8519
    • Desch, C.E.1    Benson III, A.B.2    Somerfield, M.R.3
  • 141
    • 84871471237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum
    • Erratum in J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 1224.
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 1224
  • 143
    • 36049037948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic and predictive factors after surgical treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer: A single institute experience
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.02.026, PII S0748798307001035
    • Asoglu O, Karanlik H, Muslumanoglu M, et al. Prognostic and predictive factors after surgical treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer: a single institute experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 33: 1199-1206. doi:10.1016/j.ejso. 2007.02.026. PMid:-17400423. (Pubitemid 350091348)
    • (2007) European Journal of Surgical Oncology , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1199-1206
    • Asoglu, O.1    Karanlik, H.2    Muslumanoglu, M.3    Igci, A.4    Emek, E.5    Ozmen, V.6    Kecer, M.7    Parlak, M.8    Kapran, Y.9
  • 144
    • 39749179603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended radical resection: The choice for locally recurrent rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1007/s10350-007-9152-9. PMid:-18204879
    • Heriot AG, Byrne CM, Lee P, et al. Extended radical resection: the choice for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2008; 51: 284-291. doi:10.1007/s10350-007-9152-9. PMid:-18204879.
    • (2008) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.51 , pp. 284-291
    • Heriot, A.G.1    Byrne, C.M.2    Lee, P.3
  • 145
    • 0033396959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of recurrent rectal cancer and scarring with dynamic MR imaging
    • Dicle O, Obuz F, Cakmakci H. Differentiation of recurrent rectal cancer and scarring with dynamic MR imaging. Br J Radiol 1999; 72: 1155-1159. PMid:10703471. (Pubitemid 30028927)
    • (1999) British Journal of Radiology , vol.72 , Issue.DECEMBER , pp. 1155-1159
    • Dicle, O.1    Obuz, F.2    Cakmakci, H.3
  • 146
    • 58149383085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of fdg-pet in recurrent colorectal carcinoma: A meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1002/ijc.23926. PMid:18844237
    • Zhang C, Chen Y, Xue H, et al. Diagnostic value of FDG-PET in recurrent colorectal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2009; 124: 167-173. doi:10.1002/ijc.23926. PMid:18844237.
    • (2009) Int J Cancer , vol.124 , pp. 167-173
    • Zhang, C.1    Chen, Y.2    Xue, H.3
  • 147
    • 0037635393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case-controlled study of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the detection of pelvic recurrence in previously irradiated rectal cancer patients
    • DOI 10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00337-5
    • Moore HG, Akhurst T, Larson SM, Minsky BD, Mazumdar M, Guillem JG. A case-controlled study of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the detection of pelvic recurrence in previously irradiated rectal cancer patients. J Am Coll Surg 2003; 197: 22-28. doi:10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00337-5. PMid:12831920. (Pubitemid 36759175)
    • (2003) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , vol.197 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-28
    • Moore, H.G.1    Akhurst, T.2    Larson, S.M.3    Minsky, B.D.4    Mazumdar, M.5    Guillem, J.G.6
  • 148
    • 31144443692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated PET/CT: Current applications and future directions
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2382041977
    • von Schulthess GK, Steinert HC, Hany TF. Integrated PET/CT: current applications and future directions. Radiology 2006; 238: 405-422. doi:10.1148/radiol.2382041977. PMid:16436809. (Pubitemid 43134354)
    • (2006) Radiology , vol.238 , Issue.2 , pp. 405-422
    • Von Schulthess, G.K.1    Steinert, H.C.2    Hany, T.F.3
  • 149
    • 4944258708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental value of CT in PET/CT of patients with colorectal carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1007/s00261-003-0163-2
    • Kamel IR, Cohade C, Neyman E, Fishman EK, Wahl RL. Incremental value of CT in PET/CT of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Abdom Imaging 2004; 29: 663-668. doi:10.1007/s00261-003-0163-2. PMid:15162236. (Pubitemid 39331699)
    • (2004) Abdominal Imaging , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 663-668
    • Kamel, I.R.1    Cohade, C.2    Neyman, E.3    Fishman, E.K.4    Wahl, R.L.5
  • 150
    • 84871455790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy and value of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in planning exenterative pelvic surgery for advanced colorectal cancer
    • doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.025. PMid:23036847
    • Georgiou PA, Tekkis PP, Constantinides VA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in planning exenterative pelvic surgery for advanced colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49: 72-81. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.025. PMid:23036847.
    • (2013) Eur J Cancer , vol.49 , pp. 72-81
    • Georgiou, P.A.1    Tekkis, P.P.2    Constantinides, V.A.3
  • 151
    • 79959246238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of mri and diffusion-weighted mri for the diagnosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer
    • doi:10.1007/s00330-010-2052-8. PMid:-21240647
    • Lambregts DM, Cappendijk VC, Maas M, Beets GL, Beets-Tan RG. Value of MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI for the diagnosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 1250-1258. doi:10.1007/s00330-010-2052-8. PMid:-21240647.
    • (2011) Eur Radiol , vol.21 , pp. 1250-1258
    • Lambregts, D.M.1    Cappendijk, V.C.2    Maas, M.3    Beets, G.L.4    Beets-Tan, R.G.5
  • 152
    • 77950129424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restaging of rectal cancer with mr imaging after concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy
    • doi:10.1148/rg.302095046. PMid:20228331
    • Kim DJ, Kim JH, Lim JS, et al. Restaging of rectal cancer with MR imaging after concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiographics 2010; 30: 503-516. doi:10.1148/rg.302095046. PMid:20228331.
    • (2010) Radiographics , vol.30 , pp. 503-516
    • Kim, D.J.1    Kim, J.H.2    Lim, J.S.3
  • 153
    • 70350520050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locally advanced rectal cancer: Added value of diffusion-weighted mr imaging in the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo-and radiation therapy
    • doi:10.1148/radiol.2532090027. PMid:19789256
    • Kim SH, Lee JM, Hong SH, et al. Locally advanced rectal cancer: added value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo-and radiation therapy. Radiology 2009; 253: 116-125. doi:10.1148/radiol.2532090027. PMid:19789256.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.253 , pp. 116-125
    • Kim, S.H.1    Lee, J.M.2    Hong, S.H.3
  • 154
    • 77953532658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restaging locally advanced rectal cancer with mr imaging after chemoradiation therapy
    • doi:10.1148/rg.303095085. PMid:20462989
    • Barbaro B, Vitale R, Leccisotti L, et al. Restaging locally advanced rectal cancer with MR imaging after chemoradiation therapy. Radiographics 2010; 30: 699-716. doi:10.1148/rg.303095085. PMid:20462989.
    • (2010) Radiographics , vol.30 , pp. 699-716
    • Barbaro, B.1    Vitale, R.2    Leccisotti, L.3
  • 155
    • 84872683497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local colorectal cancer recurrence: Pelvic mri evaluation
    • doi101007/s00261-012-9891-5. PMid:22484342
    • Colosio A, Forne's P, Soyer P, Lewin M, Loock M, Hoeffel C. Local colorectal cancer recurrence: pelvic MRI evaluation. Abdom Imaging 2013; 38: 72-81. doi:10.1007/s00261-012-9891-5. PMid:22484342.
    • (2013) Abdom Imaging , vol.38 , pp. 72-81
    • Colosio, A.1    Forne's, P.2    Soyer, P.3    Lewin, M.4    Loock, M.5    Hoeffel, C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.