메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 8, 2013, Pages

Programmatically Selected Multidrug-Resistant Strains Drive the Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; CAPREOMYCIN; ETHAMBUTOL; ETHIONAMIDE; ISONIAZID; KANAMYCIN; PYRAZINAMIDE; RIFAMPICIN; STREPTOMYCIN;

EID: 84882967350     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070919     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (51)
  • 2
    • 77952542701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis
    • Gandhi NR, Nunn P, Dheda K, Schaaf HS, Zignol M, et al. (2010) Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis. Lancet 375: 1830-1843.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 1830-1843
    • Gandhi, N.R.1    Nunn, P.2    Dheda, K.3    Schaaf, H.S.4    Zignol, M.5
  • 3
    • 84870370352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, Available:. Accessed 2013 Jan 23
    • WHO (2012) Global Tuberculosis Report 2012. Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75938/1/9789241564502_eng.pdf. Accessed 2013 Jan 23.
    • (2012) Global Tuberculosis Report 2012
  • 5
    • 80052930573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition, Transmission and Amplification of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
    • In: Donald PR, van Helden PD, editors, Karger
    • Muller B, Warren RM, Williams M, Bottger E, Gey Van Pittius NC, et al. (2012) Acquisition, Transmission and Amplification of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. In: Donald PR, van Helden PD, editors. Progress in Respiratory Research. Karger. pp. 96-104.
    • (2012) Progress in Respiratory Research , pp. 96-104
    • Muller, B.1    Warren, R.M.2    Williams, M.3    Bottger, E.4    Gey Van Pittius, N.C.5
  • 7
    • 84856607254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world: an updated analysis, 2007-2010
    • Zignol M, Van GW, Falzon D, Sismanidis C, Glaziou P, et al. (2012) Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world: an updated analysis, 2007-2010. Bull World Health Organ 90: 111-119D.
    • (2012) Bull World Health Organ , vol.90 , pp. 111-119
    • Zignol, M.1    Van, G.W.2    Falzon, D.3    Sismanidis, C.4    Glaziou, P.5
  • 8
    • 0003895308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO-IUTALD Global Project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance, Available:. Accessed 2012 Jun 6
    • WHO-IUTALD Global Project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance (2008) Ant-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world (Report No 4). Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2008/drs_report4_26feb08.pdf. Accessed 2012 Jun 6.
    • (2008) Ant-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world (Report No 4)
  • 9
    • 84872654646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Health Laboratory Services, Available:. Accessed 2012 Jun 1
    • National Health Laboratory Services (2010) National Institute for Communicable Diseases- Annual Report 2009. Available: http://www.nicd.ac.za/assets/files/Annual_report_2009.pdf. Accessed 2012 Jun 1.
    • (2010) National Institute for Communicable Diseases - Annual Report 2009
  • 10
    • 79960671284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among a cohort of South African patients with high HIV prevalence
    • Farley JE, Ram M, Pan W, Waldman S, Cassell GH, et al. (2011) Outcomes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among a cohort of South African patients with high HIV prevalence. PLoS One 6: e20436.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Farley, J.E.1    Ram, M.2    Pan, W.3    Waldman, S.4    Cassell, G.H.5
  • 11
    • 77952547476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early treatment outcomes and HIV status of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study
    • Dheda K, Shean K, Zumla A, Badri M, Streicher EM, et al. (2010) Early treatment outcomes and HIV status of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 375: 1798-1807.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 1798-1807
    • Dheda, K.1    Shean, K.2    Zumla, A.3    Badri, M.4    Streicher, E.M.5
  • 12
    • 0032704623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain resembling "strain W" among noninstitutionalized, human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients
    • van Rie A, Warren RM, Beyers N, Gie RP, Classen CN, et al. (1999) Transmission of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain resembling "strain W" among noninstitutionalized, human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients. J Infect Dis 180: 1608-1615.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.180 , pp. 1608-1615
    • van Rie, A.1    Warren, R.M.2    Beyers, N.3    Gie, R.P.4    Classen, C.N.5
  • 13
    • 33846894300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of an emerging Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant strain in the western Cape of South Africa
    • Victor TC, Streicher EM, Kewley C, Jordaan AM, van der Spuy GD, et al. (2007) Spread of an emerging Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant strain in the western Cape of South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11: 195-201.
    • (2007) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.11 , pp. 195-201
    • Victor, T.C.1    Streicher, E.M.2    Kewley, C.3    Jordaan, A.M.4    van der Spuy, G.D.5
  • 14
    • 42449126680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of a low-fitness drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in a setting of high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence
    • Strauss OJ, Warren RM, Jordaan A, Streicher EM, Hanekom M, et al. (2008) Spread of a low-fitness drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in a setting of high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence. J Clin Microbiol 46: 1514-1516.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 1514-1516
    • Strauss, O.J.1    Warren, R.M.2    Jordaan, A.3    Streicher, E.M.4    Hanekom, M.5
  • 16
    • 38449098059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the extensively drug-resistant F15/LAM4/KZN strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    • Pillay M, Sturm AW, (2007) Evolution of the extensively drug-resistant F15/LAM4/KZN strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis 45: 1409-1414.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 1409-1414
    • Pillay, M.1    Sturm, A.W.2
  • 17
    • 78649494186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemic levels of drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR and XDR-TB) in a high HIV prevalence setting in Khayelitsha, South Africa
    • Cox HS, McDermid C, Azevedo V, Muller O, Coetzee D, et al. (2010) Epidemic levels of drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR and XDR-TB) in a high HIV prevalence setting in Khayelitsha, South Africa. PLoS One 5: e13901.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Cox, H.S.1    McDermid, C.2    Azevedo, V.3    Muller, O.4    Coetzee, D.5
  • 18
    • 84861874346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China
    • Zhao Y, Xu S, Wang L, Chin DP, Wang S, et al. (2012) National survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China. N Engl J Med 366: 2161-2170.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 2161-2170
    • Zhao, Y.1    Xu, S.2    Wang, L.3    Chin, D.P.4    Wang, S.5
  • 19
    • 70349638608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, Available:. Accessed 2013 Mar 28
    • WHO (2010) Treatment of Tuberculosis Guidelines. Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/tb_treatmentguidelines/en/index.html. Accessed 2013 Mar 28.
    • (2010) Treatment of Tuberculosis Guidelines
  • 20
    • 84859924241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis in South Africa
    • Streicher EM, Muller B, Chihota V, Mlambo C, Tait M, et al. (2012) Emergence and treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis in South Africa. Infect Genet Evol 12: 686-694.
    • (2012) Infect Genet Evol , vol.12 , pp. 686-694
    • Streicher, E.M.1    Muller, B.2    Chihota, V.3    Mlambo, C.4    Tait, M.5
  • 22
    • 79951637939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • inhA promoter mutations: a gateway to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa?
    • Muller B, Streicher EM, Hoek KG, Tait M, Trollip A, et al. (2011) inhA promoter mutations: a gateway to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15: 344-351.
    • (2011) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.15 , pp. 344-351
    • Muller, B.1    Streicher, E.M.2    Hoek, K.G.3    Tait, M.4    Trollip, A.5
  • 23
    • 84857411775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in South Africa
    • Chihota VN, Muller B, Mlambo CK, Pillay M, Tait M, et al. (2012) Population structure of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in South Africa. J Clin Microbiol 50: 995-1002.
    • (2012) J Clin Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 995-1002
    • Chihota, V.N.1    Muller, B.2    Mlambo, C.K.3    Pillay, M.4    Tait, M.5
  • 24
    • 33750629139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with Tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa
    • Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, et al. (2006) Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with Tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet 368: 1575-1580.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1575-1580
    • Gandhi, N.R.1    Moll, A.2    Sturm, A.W.3    Pawinski, R.4    Govender, T.5
  • 25
    • 78649321465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-clonality of drug resistance in Beijing-genotype isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Western Cape of South Africa
    • Ioerger TR, Feng Y, Chen X, Dobos KM, Victor TC, et al. (2010) The non-clonality of drug resistance in Beijing-genotype isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Western Cape of South Africa. BMC Genomics 11: 670.
    • (2010) BMC Genomics , vol.11 , pp. 670
    • Ioerger, T.R.1    Feng, Y.2    Chen, X.3    Dobos, K.M.4    Victor, T.C.5
  • 26
    • 70450187158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome analysis of multi- and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    • Ioerger TR, Koo S, No EG, Chen X, Larsen MH, et al. (2009) Genome analysis of multi- and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS One 4: e7778.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Ioerger, T.R.1    Koo, S.2    No, E.G.3    Chen, X.4    Larsen, M.H.5
  • 27
    • 84874258234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and spread of Extensively and Totally Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa
    • Klopper M, Warren RM, Hayes C, Gey van Pittius NC, Streicher E, et al. (2013) Emergence and spread of Extensively and Totally Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 449-455.
    • (2013) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 449-455
    • Klopper, M.1    Warren, R.M.2    Hayes, C.3    Gey van Pittius, N.C.4    Streicher, E.5
  • 28
    • 0030911908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology
    • Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A, van Agterveld M, van Soolingen D, et al. (1997) Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 35: 907-914.
    • (1997) J Clin Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 907-914
    • Kamerbeek, J.1    Schouls, L.2    Kolk, A.3    van Agterveld, M.4    van Soolingen, D.5
  • 30
    • 33646227714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology
    • Brudey K, Driscoll JR, Rigouts L, Prodinger WM, Gori A, et al. (2006) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology. BMC Microbiol 6: 23.
    • (2006) BMC Microbiol , vol.6 , pp. 23
    • Brudey, K.1    Driscoll, J.R.2    Rigouts, L.3    Prodinger, W.M.4    Gori, A.5
  • 31
    • 34248561808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recently evolved sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain family is associated with an increased ability to spread and cause disease
    • Hanekom M, van der Spuy GD, Streicher E, Ndabambi SL, McEvoy CR, et al. (2007) A recently evolved sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain family is associated with an increased ability to spread and cause disease. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1483-1490.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 1483-1490
    • Hanekom, M.1    van der Spuy, G.D.2    Streicher, E.3    Ndabambi, S.L.4    McEvoy, C.R.5
  • 32
    • 33845538941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of drug resistant Tuberculosis caused by a Beijing strain in the Western Cape, South Africa
    • Johnson R, Warren RM, Strauss OJ, Jordaan A, Falmer AA, et al. (2006) An outbreak of drug resistant Tuberculosis caused by a Beijing strain in the Western Cape, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10: 1412-1414.
    • (2006) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.10 , pp. 1412-1414
    • Johnson, R.1    Warren, R.M.2    Strauss, O.J.3    Jordaan, A.4    Falmer, A.A.5
  • 33
    • 0032748409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of mutations in drug resistance genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a dot-blot hybridization strategy
    • Victor TC, Jordaan AM, van Rie A, van der Spuy GD, Richardson M, et al. (1999) Detection of mutations in drug resistance genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a dot-blot hybridization strategy. Tuber Lung Dis 79: 343-348.
    • (1999) Tuber Lung Dis , vol.79 , pp. 343-348
    • Victor, T.C.1    Jordaan, A.M.2    van Rie, A.3    van der Spuy, G.D.4    Richardson, M.5
  • 35
    • 33745871145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and implications of pyrazinamide resistance in managing previously treated tuberculosis patients
    • Louw GE, Warren RM, Donald PR, Murray MB, Bosman M, et al. (2006) Frequency and implications of pyrazinamide resistance in managing previously treated tuberculosis patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10: 802-807.
    • (2006) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.10 , pp. 802-807
    • Louw, G.E.1    Warren, R.M.2    Donald, P.R.3    Murray, M.B.4    Bosman, M.5
  • 36
    • 84860161260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure determines the outcome of genetics-based second-line drug resistance testing
    • Streicher EM, Bergval I, Dheda K, Bottger EC, Gey Van Pittius NC, et al. (2012) Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure determines the outcome of genetics-based second-line drug resistance testing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56: 2420-2427.
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 2420-2427
    • Streicher, E.M.1    Bergval, I.2    Dheda, K.3    Bottger, E.C.4    Gey Van Pittius, N.C.5
  • 37
    • 84859568104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the rrs A1401G gene and phenotypic resistance to amikacin and capreomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Sirgel FA, Tait M, Warren RM, Streicher EM, Bottger EC, et al. (2012) Mutations in the rrs A1401G gene and phenotypic resistance to amikacin and capreomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Drug Resist 18: 193-197.
    • (2012) Microb Drug Resist , vol.18 , pp. 193-197
    • Sirgel, F.A.1    Tait, M.2    Warren, R.M.3    Streicher, E.M.4    Bottger, E.C.5
  • 39
    • 84859054656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of genetic mutations associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin: a systematic review
    • Georghiou SB, Magana M, Garfein RS, Catanzaro DG, Catanzaro A, et al. (2012) Evaluation of genetic mutations associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin: a systematic review. PLoS One 7: e33275.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Georghiou, S.B.1    Magana, M.2    Garfein, R.S.3    Catanzaro, D.G.4    Catanzaro, A.5
  • 40
    • 71249164165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High level of cross-resistance between kanamycin, amikacin, and capreomycin among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Georgia and a close relation with mutations in the rrs gene
    • Jugheli L, Bzekalava N, de RP, Fissette K, Portaels F, et al. (2009) High level of cross-resistance between kanamycin, amikacin, and capreomycin among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Georgia and a close relation with mutations in the rrs gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 5064-5068.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 5064-5068
    • Jugheli, L.1    Bzekalava, N.2    de, R.P.3    Fissette, K.4    Portaels, F.5
  • 41
    • 84859565524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • gyrA mutations and phenotypic susceptibility levels to ofloxacin and moxifloxacin in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Sirgel FA, Warren RM, Streicher EM, Victor TC, van Helden PD, et al. (2012) gyrA mutations and phenotypic susceptibility levels to ofloxacin and moxifloxacin in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 67: 1088-1093.
    • (2012) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.67 , pp. 1088-1093
    • Sirgel, F.A.1    Warren, R.M.2    Streicher, E.M.3    Victor, T.C.4    van Helden, P.D.5
  • 42
    • 30744460678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global phylogeny of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis: insights into tuberculosis evolution, phylogenetic accuracy of other DNA fingerprinting systems, and recommendations for a minimal standard SNP set
    • Filliol I, Motiwala AS, Cavatore M, Qi W, Hazbon MH, et al. (2006) Global phylogeny of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis: insights into tuberculosis evolution, phylogenetic accuracy of other DNA fingerprinting systems, and recommendations for a minimal standard SNP set. J Bacteriol 188: 759-772.
    • (2006) J Bacteriol , vol.188 , pp. 759-772
    • Filliol, I.1    Motiwala, A.S.2    Cavatore, M.3    Qi, W.4    Hazbon, M.H.5
  • 43
    • 34247152126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and implications for tuberculosis product development
    • Gagneux S, Small PM, (2007) Global phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and implications for tuberculosis product development. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 328-337.
    • (2007) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 328-337
    • Gagneux, S.1    Small, P.M.2
  • 44
    • 73949101816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Zhang Y, Yew WW, (2009) Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 13: 1320-1330.
    • (2009) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.13 , pp. 1320-1330
    • Zhang, Y.1    Yew, W.W.2
  • 45
    • 77955872446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
    • Caminero JA, Sotgiu G, Zumla A, Migliori GB, (2010) Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 10: 621-629.
    • (2010) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 621-629
    • Caminero, J.A.1    Sotgiu, G.2    Zumla, A.3    Migliori, G.B.4
  • 46
    • 70449241595 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Porteous JB, (1959) The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. S Afr Med J 33: 265-267.
    • (1959) S Afr Med J , vol.33 , pp. 265-267
    • Porteous, J.B.1
  • 47
    • 84875264261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heterogeneous evolution of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Muller B, Borrell S, Rose G, Gagneux S, (2013) The heterogeneous evolution of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Trends Genet 29: 160-169.
    • (2013) Trends Genet , vol.29 , pp. 160-169
    • Muller, B.1    Borrell, S.2    Rose, G.3    Gagneux, S.4
  • 49
    • 77950288031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Lisbon, Portugal
    • Perdigao J, Macedo R, Malaquias A, Ferreira A, Brum L, et al. (2010) Genetic analysis of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Lisbon, Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother 65: 224-227.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 224-227
    • Perdigao, J.1    Macedo, R.2    Malaquias, A.3    Ferreira, A.4    Brum, L.5
  • 50
    • 77957821783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage favors the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Republic of Georgia
    • Niemann S, Diel R, Khechinashvili G, Gegia M, Mdivani N, et al. (2010) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage favors the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Republic of Georgia. J Clin Microbiol 48: 3544-50-3550.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 3544-3550
    • Niemann, S.1    Diel, R.2    Khechinashvili, G.3    Gegia, M.4    Mdivani, N.5
  • 51
    • 54049099613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family indicates an association between certain sublineages and multidrug resistance
    • Iwamoto T, Yoshida S, Suzuki K, Wada T, (2008) Population structure analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family indicates an association between certain sublineages and multidrug resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 3805-3809.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 3805-3809
    • Iwamoto, T.1    Yoshida, S.2    Suzuki, K.3    Wada, T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.