Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic stenosis in patients who are high risk or contraindicated for surgery: A model-based economic evaluation

Health Technology Assessment

Volumn 17, Issue 33, 2013, Pages 1-86

  Orlando, R ^a   Pennant, M ^a   Rooney, S ^b   Khogali, S ^c   Bayliss, S ^a   Hassan, A ^a   Moore, D ^a   Barton, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c NEW CROSS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

AORTA STENOSIS; AORTA VALVE PROSTHESIS; AORTA VALVE REPLACEMENT; AORTIC VALVE REPAIR; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; COMORBIDITY; CONSULTATION; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DATA EXTRACTION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FUNDING; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HEMODYNAMICS; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL READMISSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; MEDICAL HISTORY; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT; MORTALITY; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PATIENT REFERRAL; PATIENT SELECTION; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; QUALITY CONTROL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SURVIVAL; TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEB BROWSER;

AORTIC VALVE; AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; HUMANS; MODELS, ECONOMIC; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84882632798     PISSN: 13665278     EISSN: 20464924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3310/hta17330     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, Delahaye F, Gohlke-Barwolf C, Levang OW, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1231-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00201-X
2. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J, Butchart E, Dion R, Filippatos G, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007;28:230-68. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm095
3. Sagie A, Dvir D. Recent advances in medical treatment and percutaneous, transapical and surgical interventions in aortic-valve stenosis. F1000 Med Rep 2009;1:1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3410/M1-26
4. Carabello BA, Paulus WJ. Aortic stenosis. Lancet 2009;373:956-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(09)60211-7
5. Nathaniel S, Saligram S, Innasimuthu AL. Aortic stenosis: An update. World J Cardiol 2010;2:135-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v2.i6.135
6. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon ACJ, Faxon DP, Freed MD, et al. 2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:e1-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jacc.2008.05.007
7. Iung B, Vahanian A. Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in the adult. Nature Rev Cardiol 2011;8:162-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2010.202
8. Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkila J, Tilvis R. Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1220-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(93)90249-Z
9. Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, et al. Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:630-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00563-3
10. Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Al-Attar N, Antunes M, Bax J, Cormier B, et al. Transcatheter valve implantation for patients with aortic stenosis: a position statement from the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.04.039
11. Ross J Jr, Braunwald E. Aortic stenosis. Circulation 1968;38(Suppl. 1):61-7. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1161/01.CIR.38.1S5.V-61
12. Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon ACJ, Edmunds LH Jr, Fedderly BJ, Freed MD, et al. Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). Circulation 1998;98: 1949-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.98.18.1949
13. Coeytaux RR, Williams JW Jr, Gray RN, Wang A. Percutaneous heart valve replacement for aortic stenosis: state of the evidence. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:314-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/ 0003-4819-153-5-201009070-00267
14. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1597-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1008232
15. Urso S, Sadaba R, Aldamiz-Echevarria G. Is patient-prosthesis mismatch an independent risk factor for early and mid-term overall mortality in adult patients undergoing aortic valve replacement? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009;9:510-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2009.207597
16. Vicchio M, Della Corte A, De Santo LS, De Feo M, Caianiello G, Scardone M, et al. Tissue versus mechanical prostheses: quality of life in octogenarians. Ann Thoracic Surgery 2008;85:1290-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.12.039
17. Tjang YS, van Hees Y, Korfer R, Grobbee DE, van der Heijden GJ. Predictors of mortality after aortic valve replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;32:469-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ejcts.2007.06.012
18. Iung B. Management of the elderly patient with aortic stenosis. Heart 2008;94:519-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2007.122804
19. Levin IL, Olivecrona GK, Thulin LI, Olsson SB. Aortic valve replacement in patients older than 85 years: outcomes and the effect on their quality of life. Coron Artery Dis 1998;9:373-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199809060-00009
20. Olsson M, Janfjall H, Orth-Gomer K, Unden A, Rosenqvist M. Quality of life in octogenarians after valve replacement due to aortic stenosis. A prospective comparison with younger patients. Eur Heart J 1996;17:583-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014912
21. Walther T, Rastan A, Falk V, Lehmann S, Garbade J, Funkat AK, et al. Patient prosthesis mismatch affects short-and long-term outcomes after aortic valve replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;30:15-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.04.007
22. Ben-Dor I, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Okubagzi P, Torguson R, Xue Z, et al. Clinical profile, treatment assignment and clinical outcome of patients with severe aortic stenosis not eligible to participate in a clinical trial of percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:857-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.045
23. Hudorovic N. Aortic valve surgery: what is the future? Int J Surg 2008;6:169-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.04.009
24. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Balloon valvuloplasty for aortic valve stenosis in adults and children. URL: http://publications.nice.org.uk/balloon-valvuloplasty-for-aortic-valvestenosis-in-adults-and-children-ipg78 (accessed 23 July 2012).
25. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. IPG421: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for aortic stenosis. URL: http://publications.nice.org.uk/transcatheter-aortic-valve-implantation-foraortic-stenosis-ipg421/guidance (accessed 23 July 2012).
26. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Bash A, Borenstein N, Tron C, Bauer F, et al. Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for calcific aortic stenosis: first human case description. Circulation 2002;106:3006-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000047200.36165.B8
27. Webb JG, Lichtenstein S. Transcatheter percutaneous and transapical aortic valve replacement. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;19:304-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ j.semtcvs.2007.11.001
28. Lefevre T, Kappetein AP, Wolner E, Nataf P, Thomas M, Schachinger V, et al. One year follow-up of the multi-centre European PARTNER transcatheter heart valve study. Eur Heart J 2011;32:148-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq427
29. Moat N, Ludman P, de Belder M, Bridgewater B, Cunningham A, Young C, et al. Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: the UK TAVI (United Kingdom transcatheter aortic valve implantation) Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:2130-8.
30. Tzikas A, Piazza N, Geleijnse ML, Van Mieghem NM, Nuis RJ, Schultz C, et al. Prosthesis-patient mismatch after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the medtronic CoreValve system in patients with aortic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2010;106:255-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.amjcard.2010.02.036
31. Ruel M, Labinaz M. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement: a cardiac surgeon and cardiologist team perspective. Curr Opin Cardiol 2010;25:107-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ HCO.0b013e328335fff4
32. Thomas M, Schymik G, Walther T, Himbert D, Lefevre T, Treede H, et al. Thirty-day results of the SAPIEN aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry: A European registry of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN valve. Circulation 2010;122:62-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.907402
33. Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2187-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103510
34. Krane M, Deutsch MA, Bleiziffer S, Schneider L, Ruge H, Mazzitelli D, et al. Quality of life among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am Heart J 2010;160:451-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.038
35. Bazian Ltd. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. Part A: Technology assessment and impact model for East Midlands Specialist Commissioning Group. London: Bazian Ltd; 2008. URL: www.bazian.com/pdfs/EastMidSCG_PAVR_FinalReport_20May08.pdf (last accessed 22 March 2013).
36. British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): A position statement of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) and the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (SCTS). 2010. URL: www.bcis.org.uk/resources/documents/BCIS%20SCTS%20position%20statement.pdf (last accessed 22 March 2013).
37. Mack MJ. Risk scores for predicting outcomes in valvular heart disease: how useful? Curr Cardiol Rep 2011;13:107-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11886-010-0167-9
38. Roques F, Nashef SA, Michel P, Gauducheau E, de Vincentiis C, Baudet E, et al. Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery: analysis of the EuroSCORE multinational database of 19030 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;15:816-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(99) 00106-2
39. Nashef SA, Roques F, Michel P, Gauducheau E, Lemeshow S, Salamon R. European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;16:9-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(99)00134-7
40. O'Brien SM, Shahian DM, Filardo G, Ferraris VA, Haan CK, Rich JB, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: part 2-isolated valve surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88(Suppl. 1):23-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.05.056
41. Ranucci M, Guarracino F, Castelvecchio S, Baldassarri R, Covello RD, Landoni G, et al. Surgical and transcatheter aortic valve procedures. The limits of risk scores. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010;11:138-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2010.236141
42. Wendt D, Osswald BR, Kayser K, Thielmann M, Tossios P, Massoudy P, et al. Society of Thoracic Surgeons score is superior to the EuroSCORE determining mortality in high risk patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88:468-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.athoracsur.2009.04.059
43. Frilling B, von Renteln-Kruse W, Riess FC. Evaluation of operative risk in elderly patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: the predictive value of operative risk scores. Cardiology 2010;116: 213-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319703
44. Dewey TM, Brown D, Ryan WH, Herbert MA, Prince SL, Mack MJ. Reliability of risk algorithms in predicting early and late operative outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:180-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jtcvs.2007.09.011
45. Ben-Dor I, Waksman R, Satler LF, Pichard AD. Patient selection-risk assessment and anatomical selection criteria for patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantation. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2010;11:124-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2009.03.005
46. Piazza N, Wenaweser P, van Gameren M, Pilgrim T, Tsikas A, Otten A, et al. Relationship between the logistic EuroSCORE and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score in patients implanted with the CoreValve ReValving system-a Bern-Rotterdam Study. Am Heart J 2010;159:323-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2009.11.026
47. Chiappini B, Camurri N, Loforte A, Di Marco L, Di Bartolomeo R, Marinelli G. Outcome after aortic valve replacement in octogenarians. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:85-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.athoracsur.2003.12.060
48. Nugteren LB, Sandau KE. Critical review of health-related quality of life studies of patients with aortic stenosis. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2010;25:25-39.
49. Kojodjojo P, Gohil N, Barker D, Youssefi P, Salukhe TV, Choong A, et al. Outcomes of elderly patients aged 80 and over with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis: impact of patient's choice of refusing aortic valve replacement on survival. QJM 2008;101:567-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ qjmed/hcn052
50. Bakaeen FG, Chu D, Ratcliffe M, Gopaldas RR, Blaustein AS, Venkat R, et al. Severe aortic stenosis in a veteran population: treatment considerations and survival. Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:453-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.10.033
51. Malaisrie SC, Tuday E, Lapin B, Wang E, Lee R, McGee EC, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation decreases the rate of unoperated aortic stenosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40: 43-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.11.031
52. Pierard S, Seldrum S, de Meester C, Pasquet A, Gerber B, Vancraeynest D, et al. Incidence, determinants, and prognostic impact of operative refusal or denial in octogenarians with severe aortic stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;91:1107-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. athoracsur.2010.12.052
53. Freed BH, Sugeng L, Furlong K, Mor-Avi V, Raman J, Jeevanandam V, et al. Reasons for nonadherence to guidelines for aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and potential solutions. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:1339-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.amjcard.2009.12.056
54. Grant SW, Devbhandari MP, Grayson AD, Dimarakis I, Kadir I, Saravanan DM, et al. What is the impact of providing a transcatheter aortic valve implantation service on conventional aortic valve surgical activity: patient risk factors and outcomes in the first 2 years. Heart 2010;96:1633-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2010.203661
55. Dewey TM, Brown DL, Das TS, Ryan WH, Fowler JE, Hoffman SD, et al. High-risk patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: management and outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:1450-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.07.043
56. Kapadia SR, Goel SS, Svensson L, Roselli E, Savage RM, Wallace L, et al. Characterization and outcome of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis referred for percutaneous aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009;137:1430-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jtcvs.2008.12.030
57. Thomas M, Wendler O. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): how to interpret the data and what data is required? Eurointervention 2009;5:25-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/EIJV5I1A4
58. Bridgewater B, Keogh B, Kinsman R, Walton P. Sixth National Adult Cardiac Surgical Database Report. The Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain & Ireland. Henley-on-Thames: Dendrite Clinical Systems Ltd; 2008.
59. Stewart KJ, Badenhop D, Brubaker PH, Keteyian SJ, King M. Cardiac rehabilitation following percutaneous revascularization, heart transplant, heart valve surgery, and for chronic heart failure. Chest 2003;123:2104-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.123.6.2104
60. Sire S. Physical training and occupational rehabilitation after aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 1987;8:1215-20.
61. Drummond M, Sculpher M, Torrance G, O'Brien B, Stoddard G. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.
62. Murphy A, Briggs A, Fenwick E. Cost-effectiveness of Transcatheter Heart Valve Implantation (TAVI) in Scotland. Health Technology Assessment International, 7th Annual Meeting, 6-9 June 2010, Dublin, Ireland.
63. Watt M, Mealing S, Sculpher M. An early-stage cost effectiveness analysis of a surgical technology: the case of TAVI for severe aortic stenosis in high risk patients. Health Technology Assessment International, 7th Annual Meeting, 6-9 June 2010, Dublin, Ireland.
64. Diage T, Martin P, Payyanad R, Wolfrath D, Chih M, Almany SL. Cost-benefit analysis of transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for treatment of aortic stenosis (TCT-490). J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:b112.
65. Scottish Health Technologies Group. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Advice statement. 2011. URL: www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/our_work/technologies_and_medicines/ shtg_advice_statements/advice_statement_005-11.aspx (accessed 22 March 2013).
66. Reynolds MR, Magnuson EA, Wang K, Lei Y, Vilain K, Walczak J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with standard care among inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis. Circulation 2012;125:1102-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.111.054072
67. Leontyev S, Walther T, Borger MA, Lehmann S, Funkat AK, Rastan A, et al. Aortic valve replacement in octogenarians: utility of risk stratification with EuroSCORE. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87:1440-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.01.057
68. Bollati M, Tizzani E, Moretti C, Sciuto F, Omede P, Zoccai GB, et al. The future of new aortic valve replacement approaches. Future Cardiol 2010;6:351-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca.10.14
69. Maliwa MA, van der Heijden GJ, Bots ML, van Hout BA, Casselman FP, van Swieten H, et al. Quality of life and NYHA class 30 years after mechanical aortic valve replacement. Cardiovasc Surg 2003;11:381-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-2109(03)00030-9
70. Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2009-2010. Department of Health; 2011. URL: www. dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_123459 (last accessed 22 March 2013).
71. Meeson B. Model service specification for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. NHS South Central Cardiovascular Network. Portsmouth: South Central Cardiovascular Network; 2010.
72. Gray AM, Clarke PM, Wolstenholme J, Wordsworth S. Applied methods of cost-effectiveness analysis in health care. Oxford Handbooks in Health Economics Evaluation. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
73. Svensson LG, Dewey T, Kapadia S, Roselli EE, Stewart A, Williams M, et al. United States feasibility study of transcatheter insertion of a stented aortic valve by the left ventricular apex. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:46-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.049
74. Walther T, Schuler G, Borger MA, Kempfert J, Seeburger J, Ruckert Y, et al. Transapical aortic valve implantation in 100 consecutive patients: comparison to propensity-matched conventional aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2010;31:1398-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq060
75. Thielmann M, Wendt D, Eggebrecht H, Kahlert P, Massoudy P, Kamler M, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with very high risk for conventional aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88:1468-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.07.033
76. Maillet JM, Somme D, Hennel E, Lessana A, Saint-Jean O, Brodaty D. Frailty after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in octogenarians. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009;48:391-6. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.archger.2008.03.010
77. Berry C, Asgar A, Lamarche Y, Marcheix B, Couture P, Basmadjian A, et al. Novel therapeutic aspects of percutaneous aortic valve replacement with the 21F CoreValve Revalving System. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007;70:610-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21282
78. Kalavrouziotis D, Li D, Buth KJ, Légaré JF. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is not appropriate for withholding surgery in high-risk patients with aortic stenosis: a retrospective cohort study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;4:1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ 1749-8090-4-32
79. Marcheix B, Lamarche Y, Berry C, Asgar A, Laborde J-C, Basmadjian A, et al. Surgical aspects of endovascular retrograde implantation of the aortic CoreValve bioprosthesis in high-risk older patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;134:1150-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.07.031
80. Kolh P, Kerzmann A, Honore C, Comte L, Limet R. Aortic valve surgery in octogenarians: predictive factors for operative and long-term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:600-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.01.003
81. Osten MD, Feindel C, Greutmann M, Chamberlain K, Meineri M, Rubin B, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for high risk patients with severe aortic stenosis using the Edwards Sapien balloon-expandable bioprosthesis: a single centre study with immediate and medium-term outcomes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010;75:475-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.22291
82. Eltchaninoff H. Evaluation before transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2010;103:205-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2010.03.005
83. Webb JG, Pasupati S, Humphries K, Thompson C, Altwegg L, Moss R, et al. Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement in selected high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2007;116:755-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.698258
84. Walther T, Simon P, Dewey T, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Falk V, Kasimir MT, et al. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: multicenter experience. Circulation 2007;116 (Suppl. 11):I240-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.677237
85. Covello RD, Maj G, Landoni G, Maisano F, Michev I, Guarracino F, et al. Anesthetic management of percutaneous aortic valve implantation: focus on challenges encountered and proposed solutions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009;23:280-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2008.12.017
86. Dworakowski R, MacCarthy PA, Monaghan M, Redwood S, El-Gamel A, Young C, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe aortic stenosis-a new paradigm for multidisciplinary intervention: a prospective cohort study. Am Heart J 2010;160:237-43.
87. John D, Buellesfeld L, Yuecel S, Mueller R, Latsios G, Beucher H, et al. Correlation of Device landing zone calcification and acute procedural success in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantations with the self-expanding CoreValve prosthesis. JACC: Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3: 233-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2009.11.015
88. Grube E, Buellesfeld L, Mueller R, Sauren B, Zickmann B, Nair D, et al. Progress and current status of percutaneous aortic valve replacement: results of three device generations of the CoreValve Revalving system. Circulation: Cardiovasc Interv 2008;1:167-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.819839
89. Grube E, Schuler G, Buellesfeld L, Gerckens U, Linke A, Wenaweser P, et al. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients using the second-and current third-generation self-expanding CoreValve prosthesis: device success and 30-day clinical outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76.
90. Buellesfeld L, Wenaweser P, Gerckens U, Mueller R, Sauren B, Latsios G, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: predictors of procedural success-the Siegburg-Bern experience. Eur Heart J 2010;31:984-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehp570
91. Bojara W, Mumme A, Gerckens U, Lindstaedt M, Gotzmann M, Germing A, et al. Implantation of the CoreValve self-expanding valve prosthesis via a subclavian artery approach: a case report. Clin Res Cardiol 2009;98:201-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-009-0750-5
92. Bleiziffer S, Ruge H, Mazzitelli D, Schreiber C, Hutter A, Laborde JC, et al. Results of percutaneous and transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation performed by a surgical team. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;35:615-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.12.041
93. Schofer J, Schluter M, Treede H, Franzen OW, Tubler T, Pascotto A, et al. Retrograde transarterial implantation of a nonmetallic aortic valve prosthesis in high-surgical-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: a first-in-man feasibility and safety study. Circulation: Cardiovasc Interv 2008;1:126-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.800607
94. Walther T, Falk V, Borger MA, Kempfert J, Ender J, Linke A, et al. Transapical aortic valve implantation in patients requiring redo surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;36:231-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.02.016
95. Zierer A, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Martens S, Moritz A, Doss M. The transapical approach for aortic valve implantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;136:948-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jtcvs.2008.06.028
96. Pasic M, Unbehaun A, Dreysse S, Drews T, Buz S, Kukucka M, et al. Transapical aortic valve implantation in 175 consecutive patients: excellent outcome in very high-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:813-20.
97. Baan J, Yong ZY, Koch KT, Henriques JPS, Bouma BJ, de Hert SG, et al. Percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve aortic valve prosthesis in patients at high risk or rejected for surgical valve replacement: Clinical evaluation and feasibility of the procedure in the first 30 patients in the AMC-UvA. Netherlands Heart J 2010;18:18-24.
98. Descoutures F, Himbert D, Lepage L, Iung B, Detaint D, Tchetche D, et al. Contemporary surgical or percutaneous management of severe aortic stenosis in the elderly. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1410-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehn081
99. Rodes-Cabau J, Houde C, Perron J, Benson LN, Pibarot P. Delayed improvement in valve hemodynamic performance after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;85:1787-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.11.007
100. Behan M, Haworth P, Hutchinson N, Trivedi U, Laborde JC, Hildick-Smith D. Percutaneous aortic valve implants under sedation: our initial experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008;72:1012-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21777
101. Pederzolli N, Agostini F, Fiorani V, Tappainer E, Nocchi A, Manfredi J, et al. Postendocarditis mitral valve aneurysm. J Cardiovasc Med 2009;10:259-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2459/ JCM.0b013e32831fb22a
102. Ussia GP, Mulè M, Barbanti M, Cammalleri V, Scarabelli M, Immè S, et al. Quality of life assessment after percutaneous aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J 2009;30:1790-6. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp171
103. Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2006-07. Department of Health; 2008. URL: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/ Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_082571 (last accessed 11 July 2013).