Vestibular System

The Mouse Nervous System

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 661-681

  Lim, Rebecca ^a   Brichta, Alan M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b HUNTER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882528208     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-369497-3.10027-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (121)

1. Arenz A., Silver R.A., Schaefer A.T., Margrie T.W. The contribution of single synapses to sensory representation in vivo. Science 2008, 321:977-980. New York, NY.
2. Arriza J.L., Eliasof S., Kavanaugh M.P., Amara S.G. Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997, 94:4155-4160.
3. Auclair F., Marchand R., Glover J.C. Regional patterning of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal neurons in the hindbrain of mouse and rat embryos. The Journal of comparative neurology 1999, 411:288-300.
4. Bagnall M.W., Stevens R.J., du Lac S. Transgenic mouse lines subdivide medial vestibular nucleus neurons into discrete, neurochemically distinct populations. J Neurosci 2007, 27:2318-2330.
5. Bagnall M.W., Zingg B., Sakatos A., Moghadam S.H., Zeilhofer H.U., Lac S. Glycinergic projection neurons of the cerebellum. J Neurosci 2009, 29:10104-10110.
6. Baird R.A., Desmadryl G., Fernandez C., Goldberg J.M. The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. II Relation between afferent response properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the semicircular canals. Journal of neurophysiology 1988, 60:182-203.
7. Baker J.F. Dynamics and directionality of the vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR) in mice. Experimental brain research Experimentelle Hirnforschung 2005, 167:108-113.
8. Ba die;urle J., Guldin W. Unbiased number of vestibular ganglion neurons in the mouse. Neuroscience letters 1998, 246:89-92.
9. Beisel K.W., Wang-Lundberg Y., Maklad A., Fritzsch B. Development and evolution of the vestibular sensory apparatus of the mammalian ear. J Vestib Res 2005, 15:225-241.
10. Beraneck M., Cullen K.E. Activity of vestibular nuclei neurons during vestibular and optokinetic stimulation in the alert mouse. Journal of neurophysiology 2007, 98:1549-1565.
11. Beraneck M., McKee J.L., Aleisa M., Cullen K.E. Asymmetric recovery in cerebellar-deficient mice following unilateral labyrinthectomy. Journal of neurophysiology 2008, 100:945-958.
12. Bermingham N.A., Hassan B.A., Price S.D., et al. Math1: an essential gene for the generation of inner ear hair cells. Science 1999, 284:1837-1841. New York, NY.
13. Bok J., Chang W., Wu D.K. Patterning and morphogenesis of the vertebrate inner ear. The International journal of developmental biology 2007, 51:521-533.
14. Braunstein E.M., Monks D.C., Aggarwal V.S., Arnold J.S., Morrow B.E. Tbx1 and Brn4 regulate retinoic acid metabolic genes during cochlear morphogenesis. BMC developmental biology 2009, 9:31.
15. Broussard D.M. Dynamics of glutamatergic synapses in the medial vestibular nucleus of the mouse. Eur J Neurosci 2009, 29:502-517.
16. Bruce L.L., Kingsley J., Nichols D.H., Fritzsch B. The development of vestibulocochlear efferents and cochlear afferents in mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 1997, 15:671-692.
17. Calabrese D.R., Hullar T.E. Planar relationships of the semicircular canals in two strains of mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2006, 7:151-159.
18. Camp A.J., Callister R.J., Brichta A.M. Inhibitory synaptic transmission differs in mouse type A and B medial vestibular nucleus neurons in vitro. Journal of neurophysiology 2006, 95:3208-3218.
19. Chabbert C., Chambard J.M., Valmier J., Sans A., Desmadryl G. Voltage-activated sodium currents in acutely isolated mouse vestibular ganglion neurones. Neuroreport 1997, 8:1253-1256.
20. Chabbert C., Chambard J.M., Sans A., Desmadryl G. Three types of depolarization-activated potassium currents in acutely isolated mouse vestibular neurons. Journal of neurophysiology 2001, 85:1017-1026.
21. Chabbert C., Chambard J.M., Valmier J., Sans A., Desmadryl G. Hyperpolarization-activated (Ih) current in mouse vestibular primary neurons. Neuroreport 2001, 12:2701-2704.
22. Chabbert C., Dalet A., Bonsacquet J., et al. A Presynaptic Glutamate Transporter at Vestibular Calyx. Synapse 2009, 32:619.
23. Chabbert C., Mechaly I., Sieso V., et al. Voltage-gated Na{thorn} channel activation induces both action potentials in utricular hair cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor release in the rat utricle during a restricted period of development. The Journal of physiology 2003, 553:113-123.
24. Chambard J.M., Chabbert C., Sans A., Desmadryl G. Developmental changes in low and high voltage-activated calcium currents in acutely isolated mouse vestibular neurons. The Journal of physiology 1999, 518(Pt 1):141-149.
25. Chang W., Cole L.K., Cantos R., Wu D.K. Molecular Genetics of Vestibular Organ Development. The Vestibular System 2004, Vol. 19:11-56. Springer, New York. S.M. Highstein (Ed.).
26. Chang W., Lin Z., Kulessa H., Hebert J., Hogan B.L., Wu D.K. Bmp4 is essential for the formation of the vestibular apparatus that detects angular head movements. PLoS genetics 2008, 4:e1000050.
27. Cull-Candy S.G.H.S.E., Leszkiewicz D.N. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. Sci STKE 2004, re16:2004.
28. Dechesne C.J., Thomasset M., Brehier A., Sans A. Calbindin (CaBP 28 kDa) localization in the peripheral vestibular system of various vertebrates. Hearing research 1988, 33:273-278.
29. Deme circ;mes D., Wenthold R.J., Moniot B., Sans A. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the peripheral vestibular system of mammals. Hearing research 1990, 46:261-269.
30. Desai S.S., Ali H., Lysakowski A. Comparative morphology of rodent vestibular periphery. II Cristae ampullares. Journal of neurophysiology 2005, 93:267-280.
31. Desai S.S., Zeh C., Lysakowski A. Comparative morphology of rodent vestibular periphery. I Saccular and utricular maculae. Journal of neurophysiology 2005, 93:251-266.
32. Desmadryl G., Chambard J.M., Valmier J., Sans A. Multiple voltage-dependent calcium currents in acutely isolated mouse vestibular neurons. Neuroscience 1997, 78:511-522.
33. Diaz C., Puelles L., Marin F., Glover J.C. The relationship between rhombomeres and vestibular neuron populations as assessed in quail-chicken chimeras. Developmental biology 1998, 202:14-28.
34. Dulon D., Safieddine S., Jones S.M., Petit C. Otoferlin is critical for a highly sensitive and linear calcium-dependent exocytosis at vestibular hair cell ribbon synapses. J Neurosci 2009, 29:10474-10487.
35. Dutia M.B., Johnston A.R. Development of action potentials and apamin-sensitive after-potentials in mouse vestibular nucleus neurones. Experimental brain research Experimentelle Hirnforschung 1998, 118:148-154.
36. Dutia M.B., Lotto R.B., Johnston A.R. Post-natal development of tonic activity and membrane excitability in mouse medial vestibular nucleus neurones. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 520 Pt 1995, 1:101-104.
37. Eatock R.A., Lysakowski A. Mammalian Vestibular Hair cells. Vertebrate Hair Cells 2006, 348-442. Springer, New York. R.A. Eatock (Ed.).
38. Eatock R.A., Xue J., Kalluri R. Ion channels in mammalian vestibular afferents may set regularity of firing. The Journal of experimental biology 2008, 211:1764-1774.
39. Eleore L., Vassias I., Vidal P.P., de Waele C. An in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence study of glycinergic receptors and gephyrin in the vestibular nuclei of the intact and unilaterally labyrinthectomized rat. Experimental brain research Experimentelle Hirnforschung 2004, 154:333-344.
40. Eugene D., Deforges S., Guimont F., et al. Developmental regulation of the membrane properties of central vestibular neurons by sensory vestibular information in the mouse. The Journal of physiology 2007, 583:923-943.
41. Faulstich B.M., Onori K.A., du Lac S. Comparison of plasticity and development of mouse optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes suggests differential gain control mechanisms. Vision Res 2004, 44:3419-3427.
42. Frederickson C.J., Trune D.R. Cytoarchitecture and saccular innervation of nucleus y in the mouse. The Journal of comparative neurology 1986, 252:302-322.
43. Freter S., Muta Y., Mak S.S., Rinkwitz S., Ladher R.K. Progressive restriction of otic fate: the role of FGF and Wnt in resolving inner ear potential. Development (Cambridge, England) 2008, 135:3415-3424.
44. Friedman L.M., Dror A.A., Mor E., et al. MicroRNAs are essential for development and function of inner ear hair cells in vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:7915-7920.
45. Fritzsch B., Tessarollo L., Coppola E., Reichardt L.F. Neurotrophins in the ear: their roles in sensory neuron survival and fiber guidance. Progress in brain research 2004, 146:265-278.
46. Frostholm A., Rotter A. Glycine receptor distribution in mouse CNS: autoradiographic localization of [3H]strychnine binding sites. Brain research bulletin 1985, 15:473-486.
47. Ge acute;le acute;oc G.S., Holt J.R. Developmental acquisition of sensory transduction in hair cells of the mouse inner ear. Nature neuroscience 2003, 6:1019-1020.
48. Ge acute;le acute;oc G.S., Lennan G.W., Richardson G.P., Kros C.J. A quantitative comparison of mechanoelectrical transduction in vestibular and auditory hair cells of neonatal mice. Proceedings 1997, 264:611-621.
49. Ge acute;le acute;oc G.S., Risner J.R., Holt J.R. Developmental acquisition of voltage-dependent conductances and sensory signaling in hair cells of the embryonic mouse inner ear. J Neurosci 2004, 24:11148-11159.
50. Gittis A.H., du Lac S. Firing properties of GABAergic versus non-GABAergic vestibular nucleus neurons conferred by a differential balance of potassium currents. Journal of neurophysiology 2007, 97:3986-3996.
51. Goldberg J.M. Theoretical analysis of intercellular communication between the vestibular type I hair cell and its calyx ending. Journal of neurophysiology 1996, 76:1942-1957.
52. Goodyear R.J., Kros C.J., Richardson G.P. The Development of Hair Cells in the Inner Ear. Vertebrate Hair Cells 2006, 20-94. Springer, New York. R.A. Eatock (Ed.).
53. Gru die;sser-Cornehls U., Luy M., Ba die;urle J. Electrophysiology and GABA-immunocytochemistry in the vestibular nuclei of normal (C57BL/6J) and Leaner mutant mice. Brain Res 1995, 703:51-62.
54. Harrod C.G., Baker J.F. The vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) in otoconia deficient head tilt (het) mutant mice versus wild type C57BL/6 mice. Brain Res 2003, 972:75-83.
55. Highstein S.M., Holstein G.R. The anatomy of the vestibular nuclei. Progress in brain research 2006, 151:157-203.
56. Holstein G.R., Martinelli G.P., Henderson S.C., et al. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is present in a spatially discrete subpopulation of hair cells in the crista ampullaris of the toadfish Opsanus tau. The Journal of comparative neurology 2004, 471:1-10.
57. Holt J.R., Corey D.P., Eatock R.A. Mechanoelectrical transduction and adaptation in hair cells of the mouse utricle, a low-frequency vestibular organ. J Neurosci 1997, 17:8739-8748.
58. Hwang C.H., Simeone A., Lai E., Wu D.K. Foxg1 is required for proper separation and formation of sensory cristae during inner ear development. Dev Dyn 2009, 238:2725-2734.
59. Ishiyama G., Lopez I., Williamson R., Acuna D., Ishiyama A. Subcellular immunolocalization of NMDA receptor subunit NR1, 2A, 2B in the rat vestibular periphery. Brain Res 2002, 935:16-23.
60. Johnston A.R., Dutia M.B. Postnatal development of spontaneous tonic activity in mouse medial vestibular nucleus neurones. Neuroscience letters 1996, 219:17-20.
61. Jones G.M., Spells K.E. A theoretical and comparative study of the functional dependence of the semicircular canal upon its physical dimensions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Containing papers of a Biological character 1963, 157:403-419.
62. Jursky F., Nelson N. Localization of glycine neurotransmitter transporter (GLYT2) reveals correlation with the distribution of glycine receptor. Journal of neurochemistry 1995, 64:1026-1033.
63. Karavanova I., Vasudevan K., Cheng J., Buonanno A. Novel regional and developmental NMDA receptor expression patterns uncovered in NR2C subunit-beta-galactosidase knock-in mice. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 2007, 34:468-480.
64. Katoh A., Kitazawa H., Itohara S., Nagao S. Dynamic characteristics and adaptability of mouse vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic response eye movements and the role of the flocculo-olivary system revealed by chemical lesions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998, 95:7705-7710.
65. Kazmierczak P., Sakaguchi H., Tokita J., et al. Cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 interact to form tip-link filaments in sensory hair cells. Nature 2007, 449:87-91.
66. Development of the Inner Ear 2005, Springer, New York. M.W. Kelley, D.K. Wu, A.N. Popper, R.R. Fay (Eds.).
67. Kindig A.L., Lim R., Callister R.J., Brichta A.M. Voltage Dependent Currents in Type I and II Hair Cells and Calyx Terminals of Primary Afferents in an Intact in Vitro Mouse Vestibular Crista Preparation. Abstr Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2009, 32:879.
68. Kong W.J., Hussl B., Thumfart W.F., Schrott-Fischer A. Ultrastructural localization of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the vestibular periphery of the rat. Acta oto-laryngologica 1998, 118:90-95.
69. Kong W.J., Scholtz A.W., Hussl B., Kammen-Jolly K., Schrott-Fischer A. Localization of efferent neurotransmitters in the inner ear of the homozygous Bronx waltzer mutant mouse. Hearing research 2002, 167:136-155.
70. Koo S.K., Hill J.K., Hwang C.H., Lin Z.S., Millen K.J., Wu D.K. Lmx1a maintains proper neurogenic, sensory, and non-sensory domains in the mammalian inner ear. Developmental biology 2009.
71. Lai S.K., Lai C.H., Tse Y.C., Yung K.K., Shum D.K., Chan Y.S. Developmental maturation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in rat vestibular nuclear neurons responsive to vertical linear acceleration. Eur J Neurosci 2008, 28:2157-2172.
72. Lasker D.M., Han G.C., Park H.J., Minor L.B. Rotational responses of vestibular-nerve afferents innervating the semicircular canals in the C57BL/6 mouse. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2008, 9:334-348.
73. Lee H.Y., Camp A.J., Callister R.J., Brichta A.M. Vestibular primary afferent activity in an in vitro preparation of the mouse inner ear. Journal of neuroscience methods 2005, 145:73-87.
74. Li A., Xue J., Peterson E.H. Architecture of the mouse utricle: macular organization and hair bundle heights. Journal of neurophysiology 2008, 99:718-733.
75. Lim R., Callister R.J., Brichta A.M. An increase in glycinergic quantal amplitude and frequency during early vestibular compensation in mouse. Journal of neurophysiology 2010.
76. Lim R., Kindig A.L., Pow D.V., Callister R.J., Brichta A.M. Glutamate Transport in the Mouse Inner Ear Is Mediated by the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter, EAAT5. Abstr Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2009, 32:863.
77. Lopez I., Juiz J.M., Altschuler R.A., Meza G. Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in guinea pig vestibular cristae ampullaris. Brain Res 1990, 530:170-175.
78. Lorente de No R. Anatomy of the eighth nerve. I The central projection of the nerve endings of the internal ear. Laryngoscope 1933, 43:1-38.
79. Lynch J.W. Native glycine receptor subtypes and their physiological roles. Neuropharmacology 2009, 56:303-309.
80. Lysakowski A., Alonto A., Jacobson L. Peripherin immunoreactivity labels small diameter vestibular 'bouton' afferents in rodents. Hearing research 1999, 133:149-154.
81. Maklad A., Fritzsch B. The developmental segregation of posterior crista and saccular vestibular fibers in mice: a carbocyanine tracer study using confocal microscopy. Brain research 2002, 135:1-17.
82. Maklad A., Fritzsch B. Development of vestibular afferent projections into the hindbrain and their central targets. Brain research bulletin 2003, 60:497-510.
83. Mansour S.L., Schoenwolf G.C. Morphogenesis of the inner ear. Development of the Inner Ear 2005, 43-84. Springer, New York. M.W. Kelley (Ed.).
84. Marcotti W., Johnson S.L., Ru die;sch A., Kros C.J. Sodium and calcium currents shape action potentials in immature mouse inner hair cells. The Journal of physiology 2003, 552:743-761.
85. Morsli H., Choo D., Ryan A., Johnson R., Wu D.K. Development of the mouse inner ear and origin of its sensory organs. J Neurosci 1998, 18:3327-3335.
86. Murphy G.J., Du Lac S. Postnatal development of spike generation in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons. Journal of neurophysiology 2001, 85:1899-1906.
87. Nelson A.B., Krispel C.M., Sekirnjak C., du Lac S. Long-lasting increases in intrinsic excitability triggered by inhibition. Neuron 2003, 40:609-620.
88. Newlands S.D., Perachio A.A. Central projections of the vestibular nerve: a review and single fiber study in the Mongolian gerbil. Brain research bulletin 2003, 60:475-495.
89. Nie L., Zhu J., Gratton M.A., et al. Molecular identity and functional properties of a novel T-type Ca2{thorn} channel cloned from the sensory epithelia of the mouse inner ear. Journal of neurophysiology 2008, 100:2287-2299.
90. Nishiike S., Guldin W.O., Baurle J. Corticofugal connections between the cerebral cortex and the vestibular nuclei in the rat. The Journal of comparative neurology 2000, 420:363-372.
91. Pasqualetti M., Diaz C., Renaud J.S., Rijli F.M., Glover J.C. Fate-mapping the mammalian hindbrain: segmental origins of vestibular projection neurons assessed using rhombomere-specific Hoxa2 enhancer elements in the mouse embryo. J Neurosci 2007, 27:9670-9681.
92. Paxinos G., Franklin K.B.J. The Mouse Brain in stereotaxic coordinates 2001, Academic Press, San Diego.
93. Purcell I.M., Perachio A.A. Three-dimensional analysis of vestibular efferent neurons innervating semicircular canals of the gerbil. Journal of neurophysiology 1997, 78:3234-3248.
94. Puyal J., Sage C., Dememes D., Dechesne C.J. Distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoazolepropionic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in the vestibular and spiral ganglia of the mouse during early development. Brain research 2002, 139:51-57.
95. Raft S., Koundakjian E.J., Quinones H., et al. Cross-regulation of Ngn1 and Math1 coordinates the production of neurons and sensory hair cells during inner ear development. Development (Cambridge, England) 2007, 134:4405-4415.
96. Rennie K.J., Ashmore J.F., Correia M.J. Evidence for an Na({thorn})-K({thorn})-Cl-cotransporter in mammalian type I vestibular hair cells. The American journal of physiology 1997, 273:C1972-C1980.
97. Risner J.R., Holt J.R. Heterogeneous potassium conductances contribute to the diverse firing properties of postnatal mouse vestibular ganglion neurons. Journal of neurophysiology 2006, 96:2364-2376.
98. Rubertone J.A., Mehler W.R., Voogd J. The vestibular nuclear complex. The Rat Nervous System 1995, 773-796. Academic Press, San Diego. G. Paxinos (Ed.).
99. Ru die;sch A., Eatock R.A. A delayed rectifier conductance in type I hair cells of the mouse utricle. Journal of neurophysiology 1996, 76:995-1004.
100. Ru die;sch A., Eatock R.A. Sodium currents in hair cells of the mouse utricle. Diversity in Auditory Mechanics 1997, 549-555. World Scientific, Singapore. E.R. Lewis (Ed.).
101. Ru die;sch A., Lysakowski A., Eatock R.A. Postnatal development of type I and type II hair cells in the mouse utricle: acquisition of voltage-gated conductances and differentiated morphology. J Neurosci 1998, 18:7487-7501.
102. Schneider D., Hurley K.M., Wooltorton J.R.A., Eatock R.A. Voltage-Gated Na{thorn} and Ca2{thorn} Currents in Rodent Vestibular Ganglion Cells. Abstr Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2006, 29:856.
103. Schonewille M., Luo C., Ruigrok T.J., et al. Zonal organization of the mouse flocculus: physiology, input, and output. The Journal of comparative neurology 2006, 497:670-682.
104. Sekirnjak C., duc La S. Intrinsic firing dynamics of vestibular nucleus neurons. J Neurosci 2002, 22:2083-2095.
105. Shiga A., Nakagawa T., Nakayama M., et al. Aging effects on vestibulo-ocular responses in C57BL/6 mice: comparison with alteration in auditory function. Audiology amp; neuro-otology 2005, 10:97-104.
106. Smith M.R., Nelson A.B., Du Lac S. Regulation of firing response gain by calcium-dependent mechanisms in vestibular nucleus neurons. Journal of neurophysiology 2002, 87:2031-2042.
107. Sousa A.D., Andrade L.R., Salles F.T., et al. The septate junction protein caspr is required for structural support and retention of KCNQ4 at calyceal synapses of vestibular hair cells. J Neurosci 2009, 29:3103-3108.
108. Stahl J.S., van Alphen A.M., De Zeeuw C.I. A comparison of video and magnetic search coil recordings of mouse eye movements. Journal of neuroscience methods 2000, 99:101-110.
109. Stitt I., Drury H., Ford D., Callister R., Brichta A., Lim R. Fast inhibition in the lateral vestibular nucleus 2010, Australian Neuroscience Society Meeting, Sydney.
110. Straka H., Baker R., Gilland E. Rhombomeric organization of vestibular pathways in larval frogs. The Journal of comparative neurology 2001, 437:42-55.
111. Straka H., Vibert N., Vidal P.P., Moore L.E., Dutia M.B. Intrinsic membrane properties of vertebrate vestibular neurons: function, development and plasticity. Prog Neurobiol 2005, 76:349-392.
112. Takemura K., King W.M. Vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR) in mice. Experimental brain research Experimentelle Hirnforschung 2005, 167:103-107.
113. Tanaka I., Ezure K. Overall distribution of GLYT2 mRNA-containing versus GAD67 mRNA-containing neurons and colocalization of both mRNAs in midbrain, pons, and cerebellum in rats. Neurosci Res 2004, 49:165-178.
114. Vidal P.P., Sans A. Vestibular System. The Rat Nervous System 2004, 965-996. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego. G. Paxinos (Ed.).
115. Vollrath M.A., Eatock R.A. Time course and extent of mechanotransducer adaptation in mouse utricular hair cells: comparison with frog saccular hair cells. Journal of neurophysiology 2003, 90:2676-2689.
116. Watanabe M., Mishina M., Inoue Y. Distinct distributions of five NMDA receptor channel subunit mRNAs in the brainstem. The Journal of comparative neurology 1994, 343:520-531.
117. Weston M.D., Pierce M.L., Rocha-Sanchez S., Beisel K.W., Soukup G.A. MicroRNA gene expression in the mouse inner ear. Brain Res 2006, 1111:95-104.
118. Weston M.D., Soukup G.A. MicroRNAs sound off. Genome medicine 2009, 1:59.
119. Wooltorton J.R., Gaboyard S., Hurley K.M., et al. Developmental changes in two voltage-dependent sodium currents in utricular hair cells. Journal of neurophysiology 2007, 97:1684-1704.
120. Yang A.Z., Hullar T.E. Relationship of semicircular canal size to vestibular-nerve afferent sensitivity in mammals. Journal of neurophysiology 2007, 98:3197-3205.
121. Zuo J., Treadaway J., Buckner T.W., Fritzsch B. Visualization of alpha9 acetylcholine receptor expression in hair cells of transgenic mice containing a modified bacterial artificial chromosome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999, 96:14100-14105.